Chapter 6: Protein

Without vitamin B6, the body would be unable to a.absorb amino acids. b.digest proteins. c.convert ammonia to urea. d.regulate acid-base balance.

a.absorb amino acids

The most important function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach is to a.convert pepsinogen to its active enzyme form, pepsin. b.denature dietary proteins to allow digestion. c.kill bacteria in food and prevent foodborne illness. d.stop the action of salivary amylase.

a.convert pepsinogen to its active enzyme form, pepsin.

High urinary urea excretion may be caused by a.high protein intake. b.phenylketonuria. c.kidney failure. d.administration of growth hormone.

a.high protein intake.

Janet eats beans, grains, fruits, and vegetables, and milk. Her diet is considered a.lactovegetarian. b.ovolactovegetarian. c.flexitarian. d.vegan.

a.lactovegetarian.

If a person usually ate 2 ounces of lean meat at lunchtime and decided to substitute cooked lentils instead, how much of the lentils would the person need to eat? a.2 tablespoons b. 1/2 cup c. 1/4 cup d. 1 cup

b. 1/2 cup

The RDA of protein for a healthy adult who weighs 60 kg is _____ g/day. a.36 b.48 c.60 d.72

b.48

The sports coaches at a university are designing training diets for their teams. Why do they need to provide more protein for the mens rowing team than for the womens rowing team? a.The mens team is more active than is the womens team. b.The mens team has more lean body mass than does the womens team. c.The mens team has a higher metabolic rate than does the womens team. d.The mens team uses dietary protein less efficiently than does the womens team.

b.The mens team has more lean body mass than does the womens team.

Eric follows a vegetarian eating pattern, and he wants to know whether he needs to take any vitamin and mineral supplements. What would be most important to find out? a.Whether he includes complementary vegetable proteins b.Whether he follows a vegan eating pattern or eats some animal foods c.Whether his skin has regular exposure to sunlight d.Whether he relies on mostly natural or mostly processed foods

b.Whether he follows a vegan eating pattern or eats some animal foods

A person who follows a strict kosher diet would not eat a.macaroni and cheese. b.a cheeseburger and fries. c.a bean-and-cheese burrito. d.roast beef with mashed potatoes.

b.a cheeseburger and fries.

During acute bacterial infections, patients need extra protein to manufacture a.hormones. b.antibodies. c.antibiotics. d.enzymes.

b.antibodies.

A patient fell off a bicycle and broke one arm and one leg. Immediately after the accident, the patients body will be in a state of a.anabolism. b.catabolism. c.deamination. d.hypermetabolism.

b.catabolism.

An example of the lifestyle habit of chaining is a.gradually reducing intake of sugar-sweetened beverages. b.eating a piece of fruit with breakfast every day. c.keeping a record of all food and beverages eaten. d.involving all family members in choosing healthy foods.

b.eating a piece of fruit with breakfast every day.

For clients with phenylketonuria the most important part of treatment is to a.not eat any foods that contain phenylalanine. b.limit their phenylalanine intake to the amount their bodies need. c.take enzyme supplements to help digest phenylalanine. d.take penicillin to prevent complications.

b.limit their phenylalanine intake to the amount their bodies need.

Nonessential amino acids can be made by the liver from a.glucose and urea. b.other amino acids. c.fatty acids and glycerol. d.enzymes and hormones.

b.other amino acids.

Some proteins contain an alpha helix, which is part of their _____ structure. a.primary b.secondary c.tertiary d.quaternary

b.secondary

An example of a meal that contains complementary proteins is a.pasta and tomato sauce. b.split pea soup with crackers. c.oatmeal and buttered toast. d.fruit yogurt with strawberries.

b.split pea soup with crackers.

The property of protein that is most important to its buffering properties is a.its ability to create osmotic pressure in intravascular, intracellular, and interstitial fluids. b.the fact that amino acids include both an acid carboxyl group and an amine base group. c.its ability to pump nutrients and other vital substances across cell membranes. d.its communication (hormones) and catalytic (enzyme) functions that help regulate body functions.

b.the fact that amino acids include both an acid carboxyl group and an amine base group.

Body proteins may become denatured in the presence of a a.drug overdose. b.very high fever. c.vitamin deficiency. d.high stress level.

b.very high fever.

Examples of individuals who may have an increased risk for malnutrition include a.inactive middle-aged men. b.sleep-deprived adolescents. c.children with chronic infections. d.breastfed infants.

c.children with chronic infections.

If a patient has a torn ligament, then during healing and recovery, the patients body would need to manufacture a.fibrin. b.albumin. c.collagen. d.hemoglobin.

c.collagen.

The most accurate statement about amino acids is that a.most amino acids contain sulfur. b.they are stored in the liver for use when needed. c.essential amino acids cannot be manufactured by body cells. d.nonessential amino acids cannot be manufactured body cells.

c.essential amino acids cannot be manufactured by body cells.

Most physically active adults in America do not need to eat more protein than inactive adults because a.exercise does not increase protein needs as long as energy needs are met. b.exercise increases the efficiency of recycling amino acids so that extra needs are met endogenously. c.most people have high enough protein intake to provide the extra protein needed for active muscles. d.most Americans are not sufficiently active to cause an increase in protein requirements.

c.most people have high enough protein intake to provide the extra protein needed for active muscles.

The protein found in muscles whose function is similar to that of hemoglobin in blood is a.collagen. b.oxyglobin. c.myoglobin. d.myosin.

c.myoglobin.

An appropriate size serving of meat, poultry, or fish is about the size of a.your fist. b.a dollar bill. c.the palm of your hand. d.one fourth of a dinner plate.

c.the palm of your hand.

If a man weighs 190 lb and eats 150 g protein per day, his protein intake is _____ of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). a.less than 100% b.between 100% and 150% c.between 150% and 200% d.greater than 200%

d.greater than 200%

An example of a food that contains complete protein is a.oatmeal. b.lentil soup. c.peanut butter. d.hard-boiled egg.

d.hard-boiled egg.

High levels of glucocorticoid hormones are likely to be produced by someone who a.participates in a weight-training program. b.consumes excessive amounts of protein. c.is pregnant. d.has a large infected wound.

d.has a large infected wound.

A small child has normal weight, but his arms and legs are thin, whereas his belly and face appear swollen. His mother tells you that the only food they have had in the house for the past 3 weeks is noodles and some bread. The child probably has a.malabsorption syndrome. b.acute infection. c.marasmus. d.kwashiorkor.

d.kwashiorkor.

An example of a situation in which nitrogen balance is positive is a.aging. b.infection. c.starvation. d.pregnancy.

d.pregnancy.

If a person were to eat a diet that provided carbohydrate, fat, and micronutrients, but very little protein, for example if he or she ate only whole-wheat pita bread with olive oil, a.the body would manufacture amino acids to make essential proteins from fatty acids and glycogen. b.body metabolism would decrease to conserve amino acids until protein intake was resumed. c.the liver would recirculate amino acids instead of breaking them down and excreting urea. d.the body would break down muscle tissue to provide amino acids to make essential proteins.

d.the body would break down muscle tissue to provide amino acids to make essential proteins.