Chapter 7 - Reading Comprehension
Although families usually do not have the expertise to provide explicit reading comprehension strategies instruction and guided practice, the can not do a great deal to facilitate children's reading comrehension. Is this a true or false statement?
False
An 'event' as part of the schema file cabinet can not be referred to as the child remembering a birthday or school event. Is this statement true or false?
False
It is during the 'What Do I Want to Learn?" step that students write down what they learned. True or False?
False
Modeling does not require teachers to demonstrate, often through think-alouds with a text, how an aspect of comprehension monitoring, like using fix-ups is to be done. This staetment is true or false?
False
Reading comprehension is never a 'solitary' activity in which the reader constructs meaning using the author's ideas in the text. True or False?
False
Research has not shown that many students construct very little meaning from the information they read in expositor books and textbooks. True or False?
False
The primary purpose of an explicit comprehension strategy lesson on comprehension monitoring is threefold. Is true or false?
False
The purpose of summarizing is not to extract and organize the 'gist' of a text. Is this a true or false statement?
False
Who suggests that teachers should offer only general prompts such as those listed rather than ask about specific details, ideas, or a sequence of events from the story.
Morrow
Who reminds us that readiang comprehension instruction begins with teacing decoding (interpreting or deciphering) skills.
Pressley
A second way to elicit oral story retelling from students is to use unaided recall, in which students retell the story without picture or verbal prompts. Is this True or False?
True
Collins and Smith suggest 6 repair strategies for use by readers who experience comprehension failure. Is this a true or false statement?
True
Constructing Meaning is the very essence of reading comprehension instruction. Is this statement True or False?
True
Elaborative interrogation is a student-generated questioning intervention. It is especially well-suited to generating and answering questions in information texts. Is this statement true or false?
True
For information texts, it appears that sequence text structures are the easiest for younger students to understand. Is this statement true or false?
True
It is a common mistake by teachers to think that children only like to 'easy' reading text and tasks. Is this statement true or false?
True
Often reading comprehension can be a vibrant social activity. True or False?
True
Research has indicated that teaching children how to coordinate the use of a set of package of comprehension strategies as they read and discuss what they've learned with peers and with the teachers yield strong results in children. Is this statement true or false?
True
Research in reading comprehension has been carefully summarized by two major 'blue ribbon' panels, the National Reading Panel (2000) and the Rand Reading Study Group. The Rand Reading Study Group (2001). Is this statement true or false?
True
Researchers have represented the total collection of our schemas as 'neural networks or 'brain networks'. True or False?
True
Students comprehend text more readily when they are motivated to engage in reading. True or False
True
Texts that are well-presented, well-written, and well-organized has been shown by many researchers to have a positive impact on all students' comprehension. Is this statement true or false?
True
The Second stage of reading comprehension development addressed in Chapter 7 focuses on high-order processing--activating and relating prior knowledge to text content, and consciously learning, selecting, and controlling the use of several cognitive strategies to assure remembering and learning from text. Is this statement True or False?
True
The first component in the Rand Reading Study Group's definition of reading comprehension is in activating students background knowledge in preparation for reading is critical for promoting reading comprehension. Is this statement true or false?
True
The first stage of Pressley's two stage process of reading comprehension focuses on efficient and effective processing of text at the 'word' level which is referred to in previous chapter in the textbook. True or False?
True
The key to successful reading comprehension is for teachers to design and deliver carefully structured learning activities that support children while they develop the ability to become self-regulated readers who themselves can use a number of strategies to understand what they read. True or False?
True
There are definite steps for producing a summary. Is this statement true or false?
True
To begin an 'expository text oral retelling', the teacher should first select a brief, informative trade or textbook chapter for students to listen to or read either aloud or silently. Is this statement true or false?
True
To offer student's 'choice' may mean choosing to read from two different information books on 'rocks and rock' formations. Is this true or false?
True
What is the author try to tell you? Why is the author telling you that? Is it said so that you can understand it? These are questions that encourage students to actively engage ideas from a text. Is this true or false?
True
A text based in long-term memory might include connective inferences for example important or gst ideas such as a fact that the little boy has done everything he can to get the seed to to grow. Is this a clear description of long-term memory. Yes or No?
Yes
Although teaching comprehension strategies one at a time explicitly to students has been shown to be effective, students do not need to learn how to effectively orchestrate, coordinate, and self-regulate the application of many comprehension strategies to construct meaning when reading a variety of text. Is this a true statement? Yes or No?
Yes
Can reading comprehension instruction be adapted to meet diverse student needs? Yes or No?
Yes
Do comprehension stategies need to be taught by teachers regularly, and have teachers learned this approach is effective. Yes or No?
Yes
Explanations include what is to be learned, where and when it is to be used, and why it is important. Is this a true statement? Yes or No?
Yes
Is 'consequences' the final factor tat leads students to increased motivation and reading comprehension? Yes or No?
Yes
EMS means all but which of the following? a)listen b)scaffold c)model d)explanation e)none of the above
a
Which of the following stated that "answering 'why' questions is as good as constructing images to boost memory for facts, providing questions are well focused". a) Menke and Pressley b) Raphael and Au c) Turner and Paris d) The NRP
a
Who suggested that effective comprehension instruction inclues such teacher behavior as helping, assisting, defining, demonstrating, modeling, describing, explaining, providing feedback, thinking aloud, and guiding students through activities. a) Durkin b) Pressley c) Reutzel d) Kintsch
a
To begin the process of becoming an explicit comprehension strategy, the teacher must prepare what?
a lesson plan
A 'schema' can be thought of as a kind of file cabinet of information in our brains containing related concepts such as the which of the following? a) visual learning b) concepts, events, emotions, and roles c) physical interaction d) constructing meaning e) none of the above
b
Noyce and Christie suggest using 4 steps to summarizing. Which of the following is not one of those steps? a) Write a topic sentence b) Diagram the sentence c) Delete all unnecessary of irrelevant sentences d) Think of a collective term(s) for those things that fall into the same category. e) Collapse paragraphs on the same subject when they are largely redundant.
b
To help students develop the ability to monitor their own comprehension processes is called which of the following? a) Fix-Ups b) Clink or Clunk c) Neither of the two
b
How many phases of mental processing occur for each clause the reader encounters in a text? Give the correct answer from below. a) 3 b) 5 c) 2 d) 6 e) none of the above
c
Turner and Paris discuss how many 'C's' of motivation that promote student engagement in the act of reading and comprehending a text? a) 3 b) 4 c) 6 d) 8
c
Effective narrative text structure instruction means which of the following? a) finding a story text that exemplifies the clear and traditional use of the story structure.' b)examining the physical feature of the text c) explicitly and thoroughly explaining and modeling by the teacher d) teaching multiple comprehension strategies e)scaffolding narrative text structure
d
From work by the NRP, evidence supports the effectiveness of teaching how many comprehension strategies: a) 2 b) 5 c) 7 d) 8
d
Which of the following is not one of the 6 'c's' to motivate student engagement in the act of reading and comprehending. a) challenge b) collaboration c) consequences d) control e) learning independently
e
to begin a lesson summarizing, it is recommended that you use all but which of the following? a) trade book b) story book c) content area textbook d) chart e) notebook
e
Which of the following is not a motivational factor associated with increasing a students' reading comprehension. a) constructing meaning b) collaboration c) choice d) consequences e)challenge f) none of the above
f
Is it younger or older students who should be shown specific strategies for locating the answer to the right questions?
older students
Referring to the adaptation for simultaneously developing younger children's reading comprehension and oral language is called .........
text talk
In the 'integration phase' of processing meaning, the ideas from the text that are strongly interconnected without prior knowledge is strengthened. Is this statement true or false?
true
Predicting, question generating, clarifying, and summarizing are the 4 RT comprehension strategies. Is this true or false?
true
When readers adopt an aesthetic stance, they draw on past experiences, connect these experiences to the text, often savor the beauty of the literary art form, and become an integral participant in the unfolding events of the text. Is this true or false?
true
Does lower-level processes occur in the integration phase of mental processing as one learns to comprehend what she/he reads? es or No?
No
Has the situation in today's classrooms improved much from the teaching strategies used over 25 years ago in actually teaching children how to understand text. Yes or No?
No
First, it can help teachers examine their own questioning with respect to the types of questions and the information sources students need to use to answer their question. Is this a true statement? Yes or No?
Yes
It is during the 'What I Know' step in reading comprehension that students brainstorm and categorize information. If this correct? Yes or no?
Yes
It is important to organize students into groups of only two to work on summarizing together a book or story read. This statement is false. Yes or No?
Yes
Kintsch (1998) developed construction-integration theory to explain the complex cognitive processes used by readers to successfully comprehend a text. Is this a true statement? Yes or No?
Yes
Should children be taught how to orchestrate or self-regulate their selection with the use of multiple ocmprension strategies to rememer and learn from text. Yes or No?
Yes
From the list below which is not essential components in the Rand Reading Study (2002) definition of reading comprehension? a) the principal b) questions c) the text d) activity
a
K-W-L means which of the following? a) What I will not learn b) What I learned c) What do I want to Learn? d) What I know
a
The actual location or setting in which the reading of a text occurs is not which of the following? a)under a blanket at bedrime b) in the classroom setting c) at home d) at the amusement park e) at church or in the library
d
There were how many strategies that provide a scientific basis for instructing reading comprehension. a) 5 b) 7 c) 6 d) 8 e) none of the above
d
Which of the following is not an effective reading comprehension strategy not to be used when teacing reading comprehension. a) the reader b) the text c) activities or strategies d) teacher's manual e) the situational context
d
Are backpacks useful for families and communities to develop children's reading comprehension?
yes
The teacher writing out an explicit comprehensive lesson plan will help him or her in how many ways?
3
There are how many important conditions that need to be in place before teachers are able to help students to self-regulate the application of multiple comprehension.
3
Any discussion between teachers and students is supported by the consistent application of how many RT comprehension strategies?
4
Another word for 'collaboration' is not 'teamwork'. True or False?
False
Because reading comprehension is multifaceted, it can be adequately measured with any single approach, process, or test. Is this statement true or false?
False
For younger children, a simple graphic organizer using icons along with print is not helpful when teaching a child reading comprehension. Is this statement true or false?
False
It is not important to structure instruction to focus on the physical features that help students understand the way that an author has organized the text including the tale of contents, chapter heading and subheadings, paragraph organization such as topic sentence location and other features of the text. Is this a true or false statement?
False
It is not important to teach children vocabulary as a way to improve their reading comprehension? Is this statement true or false?
False
Text structure instruction should not focus on the physical features that help students understand the way that an author has organized a text including the table of contents, chapter heading and subheadings, etc. True or False?
False
The 'schema theory' does not explain how information we have stored in our minds helps us gain new knowledge. Is this statement true or False?
False
The act of monitoring one's unfolding comprehension of text is not call metacognition, or sometimes metacomprehension. Is this statement true or false?
False
While teaching multiple comprehension strategies, the goal is not to teach multiple comprehension strategies. True or False?
False
In the 'in my head' category, instruction should be directed toward two subcategories: the (a) author and me, and (b) on my own. True or False?
True
In the question and answer relationships, it is important to provide the students with the necessary information sources to answer the question. Is this a true or false statement?
True
One effective approach for carrying on cooperative, collaborative, and highly interactive discussions of text to support reading comprehension instruction is call 'text talk'. Is this a true or false statement?
True
Raphael ( 1986) suggest that older students be shown specific strategies for locating the answers to 'right there' questions. True or False?
True
This type of code is defined as the printed text that is preserved in the reader's memory for an extremely short period of time (exact letters, words, and grammar or syntax of the the text). It like the image yo see fading quickly after turning off a television in a dark room. Once it is registered, it is quickly moved from a mental picture or 'iconic' memory and processed through short-term' or working memory in the brain. Is this statement true or false?
True
One of the most important findings from the past 3 decases is which of the following? a) that readers can remember a text without learning from it. b) that readers cannnot remember a text without learning from it. c) that readers are not able to learning from reading without learning to spell first. d) all of the above
a
Which of the following does not combine to create a number of obstacles for young readers' comprehension of information text? a) coherence and lack of clear descriptions and explanations b) assumption of an unrealistic level of background knowledge c) the objective nature of the language used d) the authority that places it above criticism
a
Asking children to retell a story or information text involves all but which of the following: a) reconstructing the entire text structure b) nonseqencing c) including the major elements d) details e) sequence
b
From the two-phase process in mental processing, the child first constructs meaning from text and then integrated it with prior knowledge. Another name for this process is called which of the following? a) constructive model b) situational model c) long-term memory d) short-term memory e) none of the above
b
Pressley (2000) described the development of reading comprehension as a how many stage process? a) 4 b) 3 c) 2 d) 1
c
Which of the following is not a component of 'text talk'? a)Selection of texts b)Initial questionand follow-up questions c)cooperative exercises d)Pictures e) All of the above
c
Which of the following supplies is not necessary for capturing students' oral retellings of texts they have read. a) blank audiotape b) brief story or information text c) speakers d) all of the above
c
Who developed the QARs that help children identify the connection between the type of question asked and sources for finding an answer? a) Pressley b) Reutzel and Scooter c) Raphael and Raphael, and Au d) none of the above
c
One of the following is not included in the four question-answer relationships (QARs). a) think and search b) right there c) author and you d) your collaborative classmate
d
Which of the following is not an important condition that need to be in place before teachers are able to help students to self-regulate the application of multiple comprehension? a) Teachers should scaffold the responsibility and authority for determining what is worth knowing in a text b) the teacher should use multiple-comprehension-strategies instruction focused on the process of constructing meaning from text rather than on the product of that construction. c) Teachers must model for students in a collaborative, highly interactive setting how to strategically orchestrate, coordinate and apply a collection of reading comprehension strategies. d) All of the above.
d
Kintsch explains the situation model which explains what the text is really all about which does include one of the following: a) ideas b) people c) objects d) world events e) names of your pets
e