Chapter 7: Thinking and Intelligence

From ________ months old, children are most capable of using simple sentences such as "I see."

18 to 24

What do the concepts of representational bias, anchoring bias, and hindsight bias all have in common?

All of the concepts are examples of mental set.

The word ________ is both a morpheme and a phoneme.

I

What is the Flynn effect?

The observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation.

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "A prototype is a category or grouping of linguistic information, objects, ideas, or life experiences."

The word "prototype" should be changed to the word "concept."

________ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics that are always exhibited, such as what defines different basic shapes.

artificial

________ encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory.

cognition

Not all aspects of cognition are ________.

consciously experienced

Walter struggles to write legibly and has a difficult time putting his thoughts on paper. Which learning disability does he have?

dysgraphia

A(an) ________ schema is also known as a cognitive script.

event

The likelihood of functional fixedness occurring may be influenced by culture, and it is________.

experienced in both industrial and preindustrial countries equally

Natural concepts are mental groupings created naturally through our ________.

experiences

Navigating your way home through an unfamiliar route due to road construction would draw upon your ________ intelligence.

fluid

Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for?

functional fixedness

Anywhere between 30-70% of individuals with diagnosed cases of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) also have some sort of ________.

learning disability

Which of the following is not one of the four subtypes of intellectual disability?

modest

Knowing what a rainbow looks like because you have seen a rainbow is an example of a ________ concept.

natural

The average score on an IQ test is 100. In modern IQ testing, one standard deviation is 15 points. Someone with an IQ of 115 would be described as________.

one standard deviation above the mean

Mel is an adult who can take care of his basic needs, but he requires oversight while he paints and someone to check on his living conditions daily. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Mel?

severe

From a psychological perspective, the term cognition means ________.

thinking