chapter 8 digestive system/ major organs

liver

changes glucose to glycogen and stores it until needed; changes glycogen back to glucose; desaturates fats; assists in protein cataboism; manufactures bile, fibrogen, prothrombin, heparin, and blood proteins; stores vitamins; produces heat; and detoxifies.

pharynx

common passageway for both respiration and digestion; muscular constrictions move and swallowed bolus into the esophagus

what are some important functions of the pancreas?

contains cells that produce digestive enzymes, contains specialized cells that produce digestive enzymes, contains specialized cells that secrete the hormones insulin and glucagon.

small intestine

digestion and absorption take place chiefly in the small intestine; nutrients are absorbed and transferred to body cells by the circulatory system.

What are three functions of the digestive system?

digestion, absorption, and elimination

what are three functions of the liver?

digestion, detoxification, anabolism and catabolism

mouth

mechanically breaks food apart by the action of the teeth; moistens and lubricates food with saliva; food formed into a bolus, a soft mass of chewed food ready to be swallowed.

esophagus

moves the bolus by peristalsis down the esophagus into the stomach

large intestine

reabsorbs water from the fecal material, stores, and then eliminates waste from the body via the rectum and anus.

stomach

reduces food to a digestible state; converts the food to a semiliquid state called chyme

What are the accessory organs

salivary gland, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

salivary gland

secrete saliva to moisten and lubricate food

pancreas

secretes pancreatic juice into the small intestine, contains cells that produce digestive enzymes, produces the hormones insulin and glucagen.

gallbladder

stores and concentrates bile that has been produced by the liver.

teeth

used in the mastication (chewing)