Chapter 8 - Skeletal System

Heel bone is called _____.

Calcaneus

The carpals are classified as _____ bones. A) Long B) Short C) Flat D) Irregular

B) Short

_____ ribs are attached to the sternum. A) All B) True C) False D) Floating

B) True

The _____ _____ is the top of the pelvis. A) tibial tuberosity B) iliac crest C) mastoid process D) vertebral column E) heel bone

B) iliac crest

Lumbar curvature develops at A) 3-4 months B) 6-9 months C) 1 year D) 2 year

C) 1 year

A sign of increased pressure within the skull. A) Sunken fontanels B) Facilitate the birth process C) Bulging fontanel D) Soft spot

C) Bulging fontanel

_____ _____ are the edges of cartilage that form an angle as they converge near the xiphoid process. A) Midsternal line B) Midclavicular line C) Costal margins D) Costal angle E) Angle of Louis

C) Costal margins

The turning of the sole of the foot outward. A) Adduction B) Inversion C) Eversion D) Supination E) Circumduction

C) Eversion

_____ ribs are indirectly attached to the sternum. A) All B) True C) False D) Floating

C) False

The skull is classified as a _____ bone. A) Long B) Short C) Flat D) Irregular

C) Flat

A _____ fracture is more common in children. A) Simple B) Compound C) Greenstick

C) Greenstick

Swayback can be caused by pregnancy or weight gain. A) Scoliosis B) Kyphosis C) Lordosis

C) Lordosis

The _____ is a tunnel or tube-like passageway. A) Foramen B) Fossa C) Meatus D) Sinus

C) Meatus

This type of synovial joint allows rotation around a bone. (atlas-axis) A) Hinge B) Ball and socket C) Pivot D) Saddle E) Gliding F) Condyloid

C) Pivot

Symphasis pubis and the joints in the vertebral column are examples of what type of joints? A) Immovable B) Movable C) Slightly movable D) Freely movable

C) Slightly movable

The _____ _____ is behind the base of the ear. A) tibial tuberosity B) iliac crest C) mastoid process D) vertebral column E) heel bone

C) mastoid process

Longitudinal bone growth occurs at the _____ _____.

Epiphyseal disc (growth plate)

_____ fuses growth plate earlier than _____.

Estrogen Testosterone

Great toe is called _____.

Hallux

A _____ system is a small cylindrical unit of compact bone tissue. It is the same as an _____.

Haversian osteon

The _____ carries the blood vessel to the bone.

Periosteum

Study of joint diseases is called _____.

Rheumatology

The brain is protected by the _______ .

cranium

Three bones of the middle ear function to transmit vibrations

incus, stapes, malleus

Five _____ _____ form the palm of the hand

metacarpal bones

_____ occasionally happens when the sutures of an infant skull fuse too early preventing growth in the brain

microcephalia

What is involved in each of the synovial joints below. Tibiofemoral (knee) Glenohumeral (shoulder) Humeroulnar (elbow) Coxal (hip)

Tibia and Femur Glenoid cavity and humerus Humerus and ulna Femur and acetabulum

How many pairs of ribs of the following? Total True False Floating

12 7 5 2

There are _______ vertebrae in the chest region called ____ ____.

12 (T1 to T12) thoracic vertebrae

Phalanges in one hand _____, two feet _____, and total _____.

14 28 56

There are _____ vertebrae in the lower back region called the _____ _____.

5 (L1-L5) lumbar vertebrae

There are _______ vertebrae in the neck region called ____ ____.

7 (C1 to C7) cervical vertebrae

_____ % of the body's calcium supply is stored in bones and teeth.

90

_____ _____ is an imaginary line drawn vertically from the suprasternal notch through the sternum. A) Midsternal line B) Midclavicular line C) Costal margins D) Costal angle E) Angle of Louis

A) Midsternal line

Complication of broken mandible (select all that apply) A) Poor nutrition B) Aspirating C) TMJ D) Can be immobilized by a cast E) Can't communicate

A) Poor nutrition B) Aspirating C) TMJ

Paranasal sinuses function (select all that apply) A) Reduce weight of skull B) Modulate volume of voice C) Secrete mucus D) Warm and moisten air E) Infections spread from nose and throat causing

A) Reduce weight of skull B) Modulate volume of voice C) Secrete mucus D) Warm and moisten air E) Infections spread from nose and throat causing

Endochondral ossification (select all that apply) A) Replacement of fetal cartilage skeleton with bone B) Replacement of thin connective tissue membrane with bone C) In flat bones D) In long bones E) In irregular and short bones

A) Replacement of fetal cartilage skeleton with bone D) In long bones E) In irregular and short bones

Lateral curvature of the spine 80% female. A) Scoliosis B) Kyphosis C) Lordosis

A) Scoliosis

A _____ fracture breaks all the way through but does not pierce the overlying skin. A) Simple B) Compound C) Greenstick

A) Simple

May indicate dehydration A) Sunken fontanels B) Facilitate the birth process C) Bulging fontanel D) Soft spot

A) Sunken fontanels

Which of the following are functions of the skeletal system? (select all that apply) A) Support Body Weight B) Supports and protects organs C) Aids in body movement D) Stores calcium and phosphorus E) Produce blood cells

A) Support Body Weight B) Supports and protects organs C) Aids in body movement D) Stores calcium and phosphorus E) Produce blood cells

Which is true of compact bone? (select all that apply) A) Tightly packed B) Swiss cheese C) Osteons D) Bone Marrow E) Long Bones

A) Tightly packed C) Osteons E) Long Bones

Which is true of spongy bone? (select all that apply) A) Trabecular plates B) Shafts C) Swiss cheese D) Bone Marrow E) Osteons

A) Trabecular plates C) Swiss cheese D) Bone Marrow

The hyoid bone (select all that apply) A) U shaped bone located upper neck B) L shaped bone located lower neck C) Anchors tongue D) Associated with swallowing

A) U shaped bone located upper neck C) Anchors tongue D) Associated with swallowing

Pectoral girdle includes the A) clavicle and scapula B) scapula and humerus C) humerus and clavicle D) radius and ulna

A) clavicle and scapula

The functions of the vertebral column (select all that apply) A) head and thorax support B) attaches to pelvic girdle C) Protects spinal cord D) Provides flexibility E) Named according to location

A) head and thorax support B) attaches to pelvic girdle C) Protects spinal cord D) Provides flexibility

The _____ _____ is just beneath the knee A) tibial tuberosity B) iliac crest C) mastoid process D) vertebral column E) heel bone

A) tibial tuberosity

The bony projections called _____ _____ sit on the first vertebra of the vertebral column.

occipital condyles

In infancy, the medullary cavity is filled with _____ ____ _____.

red bone marrow

The _____ are the unique joints between the cranial bones and consist of the _____, _____, _____.

sutures coronal lambdoidal Squamosal

The heart is protected by the ________ ____ .

thoracic cavity

Landmark name felt at base of neck.

vertebra prominens C7

In adulthood, the medullary cavity is filled with _____ _____ _____.

yellow bone marrow

The _____ bone is the cheekbone

zygomatic

The _____ _____ plate is the main site of longitudinal growth of the long bones,

epiphyseal growth

The _____ pelvis is broader and shallower than that of the opposite sex.

female

Fracture of the neck of the ____ is called a broken hip.

femur

The hip joint is formed by the interaction of the _____ and _____.

femur acetabulum

Cartilage forms in the _____ _____ and pushes toward the _____ _____ where it ossifies.

growth plate (epiphyseal disc) bone shaft (diaphysis)

The head of the _____ fits into the _____ _____ to form the shoulder join a _____ moveable joint

humerus glenoid cavity freely

_____ sometimes occurs when the skull expands too much, for example too much fluid accumulates within the brain of an infant causing "water on the brain"

hydrocephalus

_____ leads to gigantism whereas _____ leads to dwarfism.

hypersecretion hyposecretion

tooth grinding is also called _____.

bruxism

Cervical curvature develops at A) 3-4 months B) 6-9 months C) 1 year D) 2 year

A) 3-4 months

The skeletal system is composed of (select all that apply) A) Bones B) Joints C) Muscles D) Cartilage E) Ligaments

A) Bones B) Joints D) Cartilage E) Ligaments

_____ is composed primarily of compact bone and provides strength. A) Diaphysis B) Epiphysis C) Medullary Cavity D) Periosteum E) Articular cartilage

A) Diaphysis

Bones of the axial skeleton (select all that apply) A) Facial bones B) Hyoid C) Ribs D) Clavicle E) Sternum

A) Facial bones B) Hyoid C) Ribs E) Sternum

The _____ is the opening usually a passage for nerves blood vessels and ligaments. A) Foramen B) Fossa C) Meatus D) Sinus

A) Foramen

This type of joint is vulnerable to injury like twisting and hyperextension of the knee. A) Hinge B) Ball and socket C) Pivot D) Saddle E) Gliding F) Condyloid

A) Hinge

Sutures in the skull are example of what type of joints? A) Immovable B) Movable C) Slightly movable D) Freely movable

A) Immovable

What parts of the body are still made of cartilage? (select all that apply) A) Joints B) Bridge of nose C) Larynx D) Ribs E) Ears

A) Joints B) Bridge of nose C) Larynx D) Ribs E) Ears

Phalanges are what classified as _____ bones. A) Long B) Short C) Flat D) Irregular

A) Long

Study of joints is called _____.

Arthrology

C1 also called _____ is responsible for _____ (_____)

Atlas nods (yes)

C2 is also called the ___ and has a projection called the ___ which fits into the C1 acting as a swivel.

Axis (rotate - no) dens

A _____ fracture breaks through the skin, causes extensive tissue damage and has a risk for infection. A) Simple B) Compound C) Greenstick

B) Compound

_____ has a thin layer of compact bone overlying spongy bone. A) Diaphysis B) Epiphysis C) Medullary Cavity D) Periosteum E) Articular cartilage

B) Epiphysis

The turning of the sole of foot inward so it faces the opposite foot. A) Adduction B) Inversion C) Eversion D) Supination E) Circumduction

B) Inversion

Hunchback can impair respiratory function. A) Scoliosis B) Kyphosis C) Lordosis

B) Kyphosis

_____ _____ are imaginary lines drawn vertically from midpoints of collarbones and parallel to the midsternal line. A) Midsternal line B) Midclavicular line C) Costal margins D) Costal angle E) Angle of Louis

B) Midclavicular line

What cells are responsible for bone formation? A) Osteons B) Osteoblasts C) Osteocyte D) Osteoclasts

B) Osteoblasts

Intramembranous ossification (select all that apply) A) Replacement of fetal cartilage skeleton with bone B) Replacement of thin connective tissue membrane with bone C) In flat bones D) In long bones E) In irregular and short bones

B) Replacement of thin connective tissue membrane with bone C) In flat bones

_____ _____ is the angle formed by the intersection of the costal margins and should be less than 90 degrees. A) Midsternal line B) Midclavicular line C) Costal margins D) Costal angle E) Angle of Louis

D) Costal angle

_____ ribs are not attached to the sternum at all. A) All B) True C) False D) Floating

D) Floating

Majority of the joints in the skeletal system are what type of joints? A) Immovable B) Movable C) Slightly movable D) Freely movable

D) Freely movable

The vertebrae are classified as _____ bone. A) Long B) Short C) Flat D) Irregular

D) Irregular

What cells are responsible for bone destruction? A) Osteons B) Osteoblasts C) Osteocyte D) Osteoclasts

D) Osteoclasts

The _____ is a tough fibrous connective tissue that covers the diaphysis. A) Diaphysis B) Epiphysis C) Medullary Cavity D) Periosteum E) Articular cartilage

D) Periosteum

This type of synovial joint can be found in the carpometacarpal A) Hinge B) Ball and socket C) Pivot D) Saddle E) Gliding F) Condyloid

D) Saddle

The _____ is a cavity or hollow space. A) Foramen B) Fossa C) Meatus D) Sinus

D) Sinus

sternomanubrial joint referenced in counting ribs located at the second rib. A) Midsternal line B) Midclavicular line C) Costal margins D) Costal angle E) Angle of Louis

E) Angle of Louis

_____ _____ is the outer surface, shiny, reduces friction within a joint. A) Diaphysis B) Epiphysis C) Medullary Cavity D) Periosteum E) Articular cartilage

E) Articular cartilage

This type of synovial joint can be found in the wrist. A) Hinge B) Ball and socket C) Pivot D) Saddle E) Gliding F) Condyloid

E) Gliding

The _____ _____ is a large hole in the occipital bone that allows the brainstem to extend downward and become the spinal cord.

Foramen Magnum

The elbow is formed by the _____ _____ of the _____ and the _____ _____ of the _____.

Olecranon process/ulna Olecranon fossa/humerus

The build up of new bone in order to fill in the space of bone breakdown is called _____ _____.

Osteoblastic Activity

Body breaking down bone in order to build it up is called _____ _____ (_____).

Osteoclastic Activity (resorption)

An _____ is a bone cell also called osseous tissue.

Osteocyte

The sections of the vertebral column in order

cervical thoracic lumbar sacrum and coccyx

Palm-down position is called ____ and the _____ crosses over the _____ in the forearm.

pronation radius ulna

The pelvis contains the _____ and the _____ which differentiates it from the pelvic girdle.

sacrum coccyx

In the midline of the _____ bone is a depression called the _____ _____ or turks saddle and forms a seat for the _____ _____.

sphenoid sella turcica pituitary gland