chapter 9 connect

what are two characteristic of protraction

1. an anterior movement of the bone 2. movement along the transverse plane

which joint classifications are used to describe how the bone ends of a joint are held together

1. bony 2. fibrous 3. cartilaginous 4. synovial

What are some example of synostoses

1. closure of an epiphyseal plate 2. the joining of left and right halves of the mandible

which of the following are found in a joint capsule

1. fibrous capsule 2. synovial membrane

what are the two articulations of the elbow joint

1. humeroradial 2. humeroulnar

what describes a suture

1. immobile or slightly mobile 2. Fibrous joint

within the knee joint which structures absorb shock

1. menisci 2. articular cartilage

what three factors contribute to the range of motion at a joint

1. structure of bony articular surface 2. the action of muscles and tendons 3. the strength of ligaments and joint capsules

what are the four muscles of the rotator cuff

1. subscapularis 2. Teres minor 3. infraspinatus 4. supraspinatus

what are the three types of fibrous joints

1. sutures 2. gomphosis 3. syndesmosis

list the types of cartilaginous joints

1. synchondroses 2. symphyses

what are the functions of the menisci of the knee

1. to absorb shock 2. to prevent side-to-side sliding of femur

The temporomandibular joint is separated into superior and inferior chambers by which of the following

An articular disc

Hyperextension at the knee is prevented by which ligament

Anterior cruciate, (ACL)

what is the hyaline cartilage found at the end of the bones within a synovial joint called

Articular cartilage

which class is a lever with the effort between the fulcrum and the resistance

Third class

what is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament

To prevent the tibia from being displaced backward

what is moving a body part in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body called

abduction

the stability of the hip joint is primarily due to the depth of the

acetabulum

what ligament holds the head of the radius within the radial notch

anular ligament

chronic pain and inflammation of a joint is called

arthritis

what is the science of joint structure, function, and dysfunction called

arthrology

which structure is found between the bones of the temporomandibular joint

articular disc

what is a glenohumeral joint

ball and socket joint

based on the number of axes of rotation, plane joints are usually classified as

biaxial joints

Based on their degree of freedom, condylar joints are classified as

bixial joints

a synovial fluid filled sac located between muscles or where a tendon passes over a bone is a

bursa

what does flexing a joint do

decreases the angle between bones

what is an example of a second class lever

depressing the jaw at the temporomandibular joint

because it is a freely moveable joint, a synovial joint is also called

diarthrosis

The displacement of a bone from its normal position is called a

dislocation

what is movement of the foot upwards, as when walking on your heels, called

dorsiflexion

what is a third class lever

elevating the jaw at the temporomandibular joint

which movement raises a body part vertically in the frontal plane

elevation

which movement straightens a joint, returning it to zero position

extension

what is an example of a first class lever

extension of the arm at the elbow

curling a dumbbell is an example of which action at the elbow

flexion

within a musculoskeletal lever system, the joint acts as the

fulcrum

What is it called to turn the soles of the foot medially

inversion

which joint is the most complex diarthrosis in the body

knee

bending at the waist to either the left or right side is an example of which movement

lateral flexion

what is an elongated structure that is utilized to generate a mechanical advantage around a fulcrum

lever

what is the function of synovial fluid

lubrication

The two C-shaped cartilages found in the joint cavity of the knee are collectively called the

menisci

considering axes of rotation, a hinge joint is classified as what because it allows movement in just one plane

monaxial

based on their degree of freedom, ball and socket joints are

multiaxial

A movement that turns the palm forward or upward is called

supination

intervertebral discs comprised of fibrocartilage are found within what type of joints

symphyses

True or False Bony joints are formed by ossification of either fibrous or cartilaginous joints

true

what describes pronation

turning the palm posteriorly

what is a trauma to a joint that causes a tear, or a partial tear to a ligament or tendon

a sprain

a strip of tough collagenous tissue attaching a muscle to a bone is called

a tendon

what is synchondrosis held together by

hyaline cartilage

which two characteristics describe abduction

1. A movement along the frontal plane 2. A movement away from the midline of the body

which two characteristic describe abduction

1. A movement along the frontal plane 2. a movement away from the midline of the body

what two terms that describe a point where two bones meet

1. Articulation 2. joint

what describes locking the knees?

1. It permits a conservation of energy 2. it occurs at full extension

what two characteristic describe retraction

1. Movement along the transverse plane 2. A posterior movement of a bone

What can tendons function as

1. Stabilize a joint 2. attach muscle to bone

what are the four bursae of the shoulder joint

1. Subarcomial 2. subsacpular 3. subdeltoid 4. subcoracoid

What are the four most important muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint

1. Subscapularis 2. Ters minor 3. infraspinatus 4. supraspinatus

which two bones articulate to form the jaw joint

1. Temporal 2. Mandible

what are the two primary stabilizing structures of the knee

1. Tendon of the quadriceps femoris 2. tendon of the semimembranosus

which two characteristics describes adduction

1. a movement along the frontal plane 2. a movement towards the midline of the body

A joint that is extended beyond zero position is said to be what

hyperextended

In a musculoskeletal lever system, what force does the muscle contraction provide

Effort

in a symphysis, bones are held together by what cartilage

Fibrocartilage

what are the menisci of the knee composed of

Fibrocartilage

based on structure, the sagittal suture is what type of joint

Fibrous

which action is illustrated by twisting at the waist so the chest faces to the left

Left Rotation

which of the following occurs during depression

a bone is lowered vertically

A tooth held in the alveolar socket of either the maxilla or mandible is an example of a fibrous joint called

a gomphosis

a strip of tough collagenous tissue attaching a bone to another bone is called

a ligament

what is a joint, where bones are held together by cartilage

cartilaginous joint

Movement of the arm so as to draw a large circle with the hand is an example of

circumduction

what is a metacarpophalangeal joint

condylar joint

What is a joint that is the articulation between the arm and shoulder, also known as the shoulder joint

glenohumeral joint

The patellofemoral joint is an example of which class of synovial joint

gliding

what is ulnar-humeral joint

hinge joint

where is the coxal joint located

hip

What does the range of motion of a joint measure

how far it can move in a direction

what is a radioulnar joint

pivot joint

what is a joint between carpal bones

plane joints

what flexion results in pointing the toes inferiorly

planter flexion

in which movement does a bone spin on its longitudinal axis

rotation

what type of synovial joint consist of two bones, each with a surface that is concave in one direction and convex in the other

saddle

what is trapeziometacarpal joint

saddle join

what is another term for a fibrous joint

synarthrosis

what is a type of mobile fibrous joint in which the bones are held together by a band of long collagen fibers

syndesmosis

a bony, immovable joint is called

synostosis

a lubricating fluid that reduces friction between the bones is found in

synovial joints

the inner layer of a joint capsule that secretes synovial fluid is called the

synovial membrane

the ankle joint is also referred to as the

talocrural joint

which structure attaches a muscle to a bone and helps stabilize a synovial joint

tendon

what is eversion

the foot turns the sole of the foot laterally

what describes a first class lever

the fulcrum is located between the effort and resistance