Chem 1 Ch. 4-5 study guide

A neutron has twice the mass of a proton.

false

Neutrons repel each other.

false

What type of radiation has the longest wavelength?

radio waves

Indicate the maximum number of electrons in the following. 3d sublevel

10

5f sublevel

14

SH- Specific Heat- J/g C q- heat- Joules m- mass- grams AT- change in temperature- degrees celsius

1cal= 4.184 J 4.184 J/1 cal and 1 cal/4.184 J 1kcal= 1000 cal 1 kJ= 1000 J

5s orbital

2

orbitals in the 5p sublevel

3

energy level n = 4

32

orbitals in n = 2 energy level

4

sublevels in n = 4 energy level

4

Radio waves, which travel at the speed of light, are used to communicate with satellites in space. If a message from flight control requires 158 s to reach a satellite, how far, in kilometers, is the satellite from Earth?

4.7×10^7 km

orbitals in the 5d sublevel

5

number of electrons

= to protons

Metals Metalloids Nonmetals

Ag, Hg Si S, Ne

Ba

Barium

fluorspar, CaF2 Spell out the names of all elements as they appear in the chemical formula from left to right. Enter your answers separated by a comma.

calcium, flourine

slaked lime, Ca(OH)2 Spell out the names of all elements as they appear in the chemical formula from left to right. Enter your answers separated by commas.

calcium,oxygen,hydrogen

charge of -1?

electron

surround the nucleus?

electrons

number of protons:

equal to atomic number

Electrons and neutrons have opposite charges.

false

The elements in Group 7A (17) are called the ______.

halogens

Use the heat equation(q=m x AT x SH) to calculate the energy, in joules, for each of the next 2 problems. required to heat 5.35 g of water, H2O, from 13.5 ∘C to 65.8 ∘C Express your answer using three significant figures.

heat = 1170 J

required to heat 12.0 g of silver (Ag) from 112 ∘C to 278 ∘C Express your answer using three significant figures.

heat = 468 J

The number of protons and neutrons in an atom is also the ______ number.

mass

number of neutrons:

mass number - atomic number

Elements that are shiny and conduct heat are called ______.

metals

Heat is a form of energy related to the motion, or kinetic energy, of the particles in a substance. When a substance absorbs heat energy, the temperature of the substance increases. The temperature change (ΔT) is dependent upon how much of the substance (mass) is present and the specific heat (SH) of the substance. The formula relating heat, mass, specific heat, and temperature change is heat=mass×SH×ΔT The following table lists the specific heats of some common substances: Substance Specific heat [ J/(g⋅∘C) ] aluminum (Al) 0.897 copper (Cu) 0.385 cast iron 0.460 gold (Au) 0.129 silver (Ag) 0.235 sodium chloride (NaCl) 0.864 stainless steel 0.500 water (H2O) 4.184 Rank the following species according to the decreasing energy needed to raise the temperature of 10.0 g of the substance by 25.0 ∘C. Rank from most to least energy needed.

more energy needed less energy needed water aluminum cast iron copper silver

charge of 0?

neutrons

Fe

Iron

directly proportional- inversely proportional-

Energy and frequency frequency and wavelength, wavelength and energy

Place the following types of electromagnetic radiation in order of decreasing wavelengths: FM radio station, red color in neon lights, and cell phone. Rank from largest to smallest. longest to shortest

FM radio station, cell phone, red color in neon lights

How many joules are absorbed by 45.2 g of aluminum (Al) if its temperature rises from 12.5 degrees celsius to 76.8 degrees celsius?

Given: 45.2 g of aluminum, SH for aluminum= .897 j/g degrees celsius, T(initial)= 12.5, T(final)= 76.8 Need: Joules absorbed by aluminum -------------------------------------------------------- Calculate change in temp: AT= 76.8 - 12.5= 64.3 Write heat equation: q= m x AT x SH q= 45.2 g x 64.3 C x 0.897/ g C = 2.61 X 10^3 J

Mg

Magnesium

An element has the characteristics of being a solid, shiny, malleable, and a good conductor of heat. This element could be classified as a __________.

Metal

P

Phosphorus

Po

Polonium

Calculate the specific heat (J/g∘C) for a 18.5-g sample of tin that absorbs 183 J when temperature increases from 35.0 ∘C to 78.6 ∘C.

SH = 0.227 J/g∘C

Calculate the specific heat (J/g∘C) for a 21.5 g sample of a metal that absorbs 685 J when temperature increases from 30.3 ∘C to94.9 ∘C.

SH = 0.493 J/g∘C

Specific heat for water is 4.184.

SH= q/ m x AT q= m x AT x SH m = q/AT SH

Se

Selenium

Substances A and B are the same mass and at the same initial temperature. When the same amount of heat is added to each, the final temperature of A is 75 ∘C and B is 35 ∘C. What does this tell you about the specific heats of A and B?

The specific heat of A must be less than the specific heat of B.

Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr are more commonly referred to as the __________.

alkali metals

witherite, BaCO3 Spell out the names of all elements as they appear in the chemical formula from left to right. Enter your answers separated by commas.

barium,carbon,oxygen

atomic number?

number above element symbol on periodic table

nonmetals-

oxygen, chlorine, nitrogen, an element that is not shiny, iodine

fireworks, KNO3 Spell out the names of all elements as they appear in the chemical formula from left to right. Enter your answers separated by commas.

potassium,nitrogen,oxygen

charge of +1?

proton

equal to number of electrons?

protons

mass number?

protons + neutrons

nucleus?

protons + neutrons

Place the following types of electromagnetic radiation in order of decreasing frequencies: cell phone, radiological apparatus, and infrared radiation from a heat lamp. Rank types of electromagnetic radiation from largest to smallest frequencies.

radiological apparatus, infrared radiation from a heat lamp, cell phone

Rb

rubidium

Si

silicon

metalloid-

silicon

Metal-

tin, a good conductor of electricity, located in Group 2A (2), cobalt, magnese, zinc

A proton is attracted to an electron.

true

the symbol for the frequency of electromagnetic radiation is ________.

v

Arrange the colors of light in the visible spectrum in order of decreasing frequency. highest to lowest frequency

violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, red

What portion of the electromagnetic spectrum can our eyes detect?

visible light

If you pour equal amounts of scalding hot water into different metallic cups of equal temperature, which cup will heat up the most? Rank the cups from hottest to coldest. Rank from warmest to coolest final temperature.

warmest coolest 500-g gold cup 500-g aluminum cup 750-g aluminum cup

Electromagnetic radiation normally travels in the form of ________.

waves

The symbol for wavelength of electromagnetic radiation is ________.

λ