Chp. 14&15
Luther viewed celibacy as
Opposed to himan nature and God's commandments
The edict of Nantes
Permitted each french nobleman to determine the religion for his territory
In the fifteenth century, two rival Islamic empires dominated the Middle East, the Turkish ottomans and the
Persian Safavids
The pilgramige of grace attested to
Popular opposition, in northern England, to henry VIII's reformation
France supported the Protestant princes of Germany in order to
Prevent charles V from increasing his power
Portugaks participation in European expansion was given critical support by
Prince Henry
The dissolution of the english monasteries
Resulted from henry VIII's desire to confiscate their wealth
In chronological order, what were the three successive commercial empires established by Europeans in the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries?
The Portuguese, the Spanish, and the Dutch
In addition to reframing the church, what was the other goal of the council of Trent
To secure reconciliation with the Protestant
The overriding goal of the catholic religious orders established in the 16th century was
To uplift the moral condition of both clergy and laity
A new religious order for women that emerged in the sixteenth century was the
Ursuline order
In religious affairs, Elizabeth I of England followed a policy that
Was a middle course between catholic and Protestant extremes
How did Europeans initially justify the enslavement of Africans?
Enslavement benefited the Africans by bringing Christianity to them
Which of the following best characterizes the role of Europe in the world trading system prior to the voyage of Columbus
Europe was a minor outpost that produced few products desired by other civilizations
Why did John Calvin reject the idea of human free will
Human free will would detract from the sovereignty of God
The eurpean voyages of the 15th century derived from a desire to hate in the wealth of the
Indian Ocean trade
What did Columbus believe he had found when he arrived in the Caribbean?
Islands off the coast of Japan
How did Luther benefit from his appearance before the holy ran emperor charles v at the diet of worms
Luther gained a larger audience for his reform ideas, and others began to challenge the church's teachings and practices
What aided Martin Luther as his call for reform emerged
Luther understood the power of the new printing press and authorized the publication of his works
The reformation in England was primarily the result of
The dynastic and romantic concerns of henry VIII
Luther beloved that the church consisted of
The entire community of Christian believers
When Vasco da Gama arrive don't be Indian Ocean, how did he navigate these unknown waters?
He hired an Indian pilot as his guide
Why did Protestants allow the dissolution of marriages in divorce
Protestants viewed marriage as a temporary arrangement in this world that has no significance for the afterlife
How did the introduction of Ptolemy's geography mislead European cartographers
Ptolemy asserted that the world was much smaller than it actually is, indicating that Asia was not far removed from Europe to the west
Which of the following best describes Martin Luther's doctrine of salvation
Salvation came grouch faith alone as a free gift of Gods grace
How did the spanish monarchy seek to maintain its control over its colonies
The monarchy established intendants with broad administrative and financial authority who were responsible directly to the monarchy
Who did Portuguese merchants obtain most of their slacked in Africa
They traded for Slaves with local leaders
How did the French colonies respond to the problem of low migration levels from France
Colonial officials encouraged french traders to form ties with and marry native women
The treaty of tordesillas
Divided the Atlantic Ocean with an imaginary line giving spain control of everything we'd of the line and Portugal everything east of the line
How did justifications for slavery change form the 15th to the 18th century?
Arguments a supporting slavery began to focus more on science and nature and less on religion
The motivations for European explorers included all of the following except
Fear of the Black Death
How did the Calvinists understand the idea of work or labor
Hard work, well done, was pleasing to God and all work with a religious aspect was dignified.
How did the closing of the monasteries and convents affect upper-class women?
Marriage became virtual the only occupation for upper class women
How did Michel de Montaigne offer a counterpoint to Europe's groping imperial activities?
Montaigne claimed that Europe produced all of the goods it needed and colonial products only led to luxury and moral corruption
What became Cortes crucial advantage in his conquest of the Mexican empire
Cortes was able to exploit internal dissension within the Mexican empire
The consistory was
A body of laymen and pastors who led Geneva
The saint bartholomew's day massacre led to
A lengthy civil way
Who was Prester John
A mythical Christina kind in Africa believe to be a descendant of the one of the three kings who visited Jesus after his birth
Luther's ideas about roman exploitation of Germany
Appealed to the national sentiment of German princes
How did english colonies differ from other major European colonies in the treatment of African women
English masters rarely freed the children that they fathered with female slaves
The treaty of cateau-cambresis ended the conflict known as the
Habsburg-Valois Wars
How did magellans circumnavigation of the globe affect spanish colonization
The great distance of the pacific convinced the spanish to abandon effort to Tate in Asia and develop their american colonies instead
In the early 16th century, anticlericalism focused primarily on all of the following except
The heresy of priests who preached messages contrary to Church doctrine
What was the primary cause of the emergence of inflation in Spain in the 16th century?
The inability of spanish agriculture and manufacturing to meet the growing da and for goods
Who did the choice to embrace or reject the reform movement occur in a territory or region in the Holy Roman Empire
The political leaders of the territory or region determined whether to introduce reforms
How did the encomienda system function
The spanish crown granted conquerors the right to employ or demand tribute from groups of native Americans in exchange for providing food and shelter
Why did most ordinary Poles oppose to Lutheran reform movement?
They held strong anti-German feelings
The Calvinist doctrine of predestination led to a
Confidence among Calvinists in their own salvation
Who resisted the efforts to the Portuguese to establish themselves in the Indian Ocean trade
Muslim-controlled port cities
How did the English and French seek a route to east Asia
They sought a northwest passage across North America
