Coatings Questions
Power tool cleaning provides a better foundation for the priming of paint than hand tool cleaning.
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Prior to flame cleaning, any heavy layers of rust should be removed by manual cleaning.
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Prior to pickling, cleaning of heavy deposits such as oil, grease, and soil should be done.
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Standard methods of rust removal include blasting, manual or mechanical rust removal, flame cleaning, and pickling.
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Sulfuric or hydrochloric acid pickling, Phosphoric acid pickling and Footner pickling are three of the six main pickling methods.
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Surface cleaning includes removal of contaminants/coats of materials other than metal and removal of coated material related to the metal (scale and rust).
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Surface preparation before manual cleaning includes removing visible oil, grease, soluble welding residues, and salts.
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Surface preparation is the essential first-stage treatment of a steel substrate before the application of any coating
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Testing the cleanliness of the blasted surface can be done by visual or field testing, and by instrument or laboratory testing.
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The brush should not be dipped more than one-third of the bristle length into the paint to avoid overloading the bristles and filling the heel with paint.
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The electrostatic spray technique uses expensive equipment and has a slower operation than other spray applications.
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The entire paint contents should be poured into an empty clean drum or can, ensuring that no heavy paste remains in the original container.
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The original method of spray application was by air atomization.
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The paint should be mixed in a manner that will ensure the breakup of all lumps, complete dispersion of pigment, and a uniform composition.
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The paint surface should be dry before application of overcoating.
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The pressure on the material in the pot and of the air at the gun should be adjusted for optimum spraying effectiveness.
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The term surface preparation means the methods of treating the surface of substrate prior to application of coating.
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There are several types of spray equipment: air, airless, hot, and electrostatic spray.
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Pickling is a method of preparing metal surfaces by chemical reaction, electrolysis, or both.
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All surfaces can be prepared for the application of protective coatings by only using one single universal method.
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Applying warm paint to cold steel is beneficial to curing.
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Blast cleaning could be conducted on surfaces that will be wet after blasting and before coating.
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Both normal finishing paints and drum paints require rolling during the storage period.
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Coatings should be applied to wet or damp surfaces.
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Electrostatic spraying can frequently be used for on-site work.
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Heating enables the solvent content of the material to be reduced, allowing a thinner film to be applied.
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Hot coatings could be applied to cold surfaces and vice versa.
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If compressor units for air spray equipment are powered by a gas or diesel engine, they should be located inside the building.
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Manual cleaning is the MOST satisfactory method of preparation, especially for steelwork exposed to severe or moderate conditions.
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Only some paints and paint materials used should comply with the specification given in relevant standards.
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Paint can be applied when the temperature is below 4°C.
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Paint that does not have a limited pot life or does not deteriorate on standing should not be remixed before using.
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Paints should be stored in open containers to keep them fresh.
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Paints should preferably be mixed by hand.
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Pickling is NOT considered a desirable method of removing rust and mill scale from structural shapes, beams, and plates in workshops when the cost of such removal is felt to be justified.
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Power tool cleaning is suitable for small and large areas.
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Steel may be blast-cleaned just before fabrication.
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The addition of more water than is necessary to obtain a satisfactory brushing consistency is allowed.
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The coating applied to a blast-cleaned surface DOES NOT last longer than similar coating applied to a flame-cleaned surface.
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The newest paint of each kind should be used first.
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The number of coats should be the maximum needed to achieve the specified film thickness.
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The paint temperature should not be excessively high or low in any conditions.
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When mixing two-component paints, check and remix each component simultaneously and then blend the two components at a very fast speed until the mixture is completely uniform in color.
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Acceptable methods to remove dirt and dust after manual cleaning and before painting include brushing; blowing with clean, dry air; and vacuum cleaning.
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Airless spray relies on hydraulic pressure rather than air atomization to produce the desired spray.
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Airless spray usually is faster, cleaner, more economical, and easier to use than conventional air spray and applies thicker film.
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All larger containers should be mixed by mechanical agitators and brought to a uniform consistency.
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All materials should be supplied in the manufacturer's original containers, durably and legibly marked according to relevant standards.
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Any and all holes and surface imperfections should be cleaned and filled in an approved manner before painting.
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Any surfaces to be coated should be rendered dust-free prior to the application of the prime coat.
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Blast cleaning is a method of surface preparation in which abrasive particles are directed at high velocity against a metal surface.
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Blasting operations should never be allowed in the vicinity of painting work, near wet paint, anywhere that blast abrasive, grit or fallout could impinge on a freshly painted surface, or on any uncovered primed surface.
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Cold rinsing, final (hot) rinsing, and preparing metal for painting are post-pickling treatments for metal.
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Containers that have been previously opened should be used first.
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Excessive pressure should not be applied to the brush.
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Fabrication should preferably be complete before surface preparation begins.
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Flame cleaning of high-strength friction grip bolted joints is totally prohibited.
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Hand cleaning is acceptable only for spot cleaning, and power tool cleaning is acceptable where blast cleaning is impractical or not economical.
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Heavier coatings are usually used, and because of the lower degree of control given by the airless spray gun and the high paint flow rate, greater resistance to sagging and tearing is required from the paint.
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Impact cleaning tools are characterized by chipping and scaling hammers. With these tools, a chisel is struck by an internal piston and strikes the work surface.
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Impact cleaning tools, rotary cleaning tools, and rotary impact cleaning tools are the three basic families of power tool cleaning.
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In flame cleaning at a high temperature, oxyacetylene flame is passed over the surface to be cleaned.
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In flame cleaning, the effect of the heat is to remove scale and rust, partly by differential expansion and partly by evolution of steam from moisture in the rust.
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Manual cleaning is the method of preparing the surface of metals using hand or powered tools, such as wire brushes, chipping hammers, chisels, scrapers, and vibratory needle guns.
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Methods of surface preparation include degreasing, pickling, manual cleaning, flame cleaning, and blasting.
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Mixing in open containers should be done in a well-ventilated area, away from sparks or flames.
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Moisture, oil, grease, corrosion products, dirt, and mill scale are typical contaminants that should be removed during surface preparation.
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Paint life depends primarily on surface preparation.
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Paint must never be allowed to dry in the gun.
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Paint systems are generally specified by the dry film thickness (DFT) of coats and the total DFT of primer, intermediate, and top coat, rather than by the number of coats.
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