Commercial Rolling Steel Door
Most Common Stainless Steel finishes
#4 polished - produced by abrasive belt polishing. Found in resturant equipment, dairy equipment, medical and chemical equipment 2B Finish - Basic general purpose cold roller finish Structural Stainless Primary Finish (Mill Finish) - Produced after hot rolling when heavier gauge plate and sheet products are annealed and pickled. Generally used in industrial applications
NEMA 1
General Purpose: An enclosure designed to prevent accidental contact with live electric parts. It is not dust-tight or watertight.
Grille Curtains
Grille Curtains are constructed from solid or hollow rods, links and spacers which are laced together to form a pattern. Available in aluminum, steel, and stainless steel, grille curtains are most commonly produced in straight and brick patterns of various pattern lengths.
NEMA 9
Hazardous Area: An enclosure designed to contain an explosion. For use in hazardous areas containing combustible dust particles. These substances are grouped into three classes (Class E, F, and G) according to volatility. Consult the NFPA National Electric Code for more details.
NEMA 7
Hazardous Area: An enclosure designed to contain an explosion. For use in hazardous areas containing flammable vapors and gasses. These flammable substances are grouped into four classes (Class A, B, C, and D) according to volatility. Consult the NFPA National Electric Code for more details.
High Performance Doors
High Performance Doors are rolling, folding or sliding non-residential doors, generally characterized by higher cycles and/ or higher speeds, typically made-to-order, and designed for higher or special types of durability.
Horizontal Doors
Horizontal doors are similar to normal rolling service doors, but they are turned so that the curtain covers openings in horizontal and inclined planes. These are often used to cover skylights and pit openings. The tracks can be straight
Hot Dip Galvanizing
Hot liquid process applies a protective zinc coating in a metallic silver finish
National Weather Service Definition of High Winds
Sustained wind speeds of 40mph or greater lasting for 1 hour or longer, or winds of 58mph or greater for any duration
Index Ratio
The IR is the ratio of wire size to coil diameter.
Steiner Test
The Steiner test method involves placing the material to be tested in the ceiling of the tunnel where it will be exposed to flame and observed through a glass wall for burn characteristics. Typical building codes require that the flame spread rating for materials used in commercial construction applications not exceed 75.
Endlocks
The component of the door curtain that prevents the slats of the curtain from sliding apart or shifting during the travel of the door. Endlocks typically are constructed of cast iron, stamped steel or nylon, and are usually riveted to both ends of alternating slats.
Perforated Slats
These slats allow air and light to flow through the door while still maintaining security and strength. The smaller holes of perforated slats can also prevent most insects from entering through the curtain.
Fenstrated Slats
These slats are similar to perforated slats, but have larger rectangular cutouts instead of small holes which can improve the durability of the slat. Fenestrated slats can comprise the entire door, or just a few rows of slats depending on how much light and air penetration is desired.
Top of Hood Mounting
Top-of- Hood mounted is typically used to reduce the projection of the door from the header in order to avoid obstructions. It's also commonly used on shorter doors to lift the operator out of reach to improve safety and avoid tampering.
A rolling door should be left closed during high winds?
True: Keeping a rolling door open during a hurricane or high wind event leaves the interior walls, ceilings and roof structure vulnerable to structural damage and possible collapse of the structure.
Reduced Drive Chain Hoists
Typical reductions are in the range of 4 to 1. This means that 1 revolution of the door barrel requires 4 revolutions to the hoist wheel.
U - Factor
U-Factor is used to measure the overall thermal conductivity of a wall system, or in this case, a rolling door, by taking into account the thermal conductivity of all of the components within the system. Much like a K-Factor, a door system's U-Factor will typically be presented in decimal form with a low decimal value being more desirable than a high decimal value.
Intermediate Hood Support
Used for longer hoods to prevent sagging
Hood Baffle
Used to minimize air filtration
NEMA 4
Watertight: A sealed enclosure designed to exclude water spray from any direction. It may not necessarily be submersible.
ANSI/UL 325 Safety for Door, Drapery, Gate, Louver, and Window Operators and Systems
a standard which defines certain safety requirements pertaining to commercial rolling door electric operators
Compound Reduction Chain Hoists
Most common type is double reduction
Wood Rolling Doors
Most common used as counter shutters
Common Cycle Types
Most doors are set to a minimum of 20,000 but come in 25, 50, and 100,000
Mullions
Mullions are a combined guide assembly joining two adjacent rolling doors. Mullions may be stationary or removable. Removable mullions may be mechanically or motor operated where the center guide is hinged to lift up and out of the way, or slide to the side of the opening, to expose a full opening width when all of the doors are open.
NEMA?
National Electrical Manufacturers Association
Sound Transmission
Noise reduction is measured with either STC (Sound Transmission Class) or OITC (Outdoor- Indoor Transmission Class) ratings, and is roughly the measure of the decibel reduction in noise that occurs in a building partition, such as a commercial rolling door. For example, if an 80 decibel sound on one side of a door is reduced to 50 decibels on the other side, that door is said to have an STC of 30.
Awning Crank
Not to exceed 25 lbs Manual cranks provide large reductions, typically around 20 to 1
Wall Crank
Not to exceed 25 lbs Manual cranks provide large reductions, typically around 20 to 1
Four site conditions to be avoided for rolling steel doors
- Building designed with "C" jambs that cannot handle the normal and parallel forces exerted by the door guide assemblies - Wall above the opening not designed to handle total hanging dead load - Concrete masonry unit wall without concrete and rebar reinforced jambs cannot handle the forces imposed by the door -Building designed with tilt-up concrete panel walls that include steel jambs not securely attached to the concrete panels
Aluminum construction
- Constructed from aluminum extrusions which are preformed and cut to length for the door. -Aluminum can also be rollformed into various shapes. - Aluminum slats typically are available in 14 and 16 gauge material.
Functions of hood
- Cover barrel and slats - Stabilize Drive Bracket and Tension bracket
Manual Chain Hoist Types
- Direct Drive - Reduced Drive -Compound Reduction Not to exceed 35 pounds of force to operate
Three issues that determine the design of the guides on rolling doors.
- First, since the guide angles are fastened to the wall and provide the only supporting connection between the door and the wall. They must be sized correctly to support the weight of the counterbalance assembly and curtain assembly. - Second, wall construction and building material clearances influences guide design. Three Types "E", "Z", and Between Jambs
Operator Mounting Locations
- Front of Hood - Top of Hood - Bench Mount - Wall Mount - Through Wall
Methods of Rolling Door Operation
- Manual Push - up - Manual Chain Hoist - Manual Hand Crank - Electric operator
2 types of rolling steel ratings
- Pressure Rated -Pressure and Impact Rated
2 types of external entrapment devices
- Primary: Sensing Edge or PE - Ancillary: Ancillary devices include, among others, non-monitored electric or pneumatic sensing edges.
Types of locks
- Slide locks in bottom bar - cylinder locks
Common components of a Safety Manual
- Statement of Accountability -Safety Goals Statement - Safety and Health Organizational Chart - Safety Responsibilities and Task Assignments - Record Keeping and Documentation - Access to Employee Medial and Exposure - Awards and Incentives Program - Disciplinary Action Policies - Incident Investigation policy and Procedures - Outside Contractor/Subcontractor Management Program -OSHA Inspection Policies and Procedures - Hazardous Work Permits - Customer Safety and Health Standards - Drug-Free workplace policy - Personal Protective Equipment
Two types of photeyes
- Through-Beam 1 sending unit and 1 receiving Unit - Retro-Reflective Type 1 sending/receiving unit with reflective component
Between Jamb Guide
4 angles instead of three. Headroom or sideroom limitations
Safe Door Speeds
6 to 12 inches per second
Compound Tension Device
A compound tension device provides a gear reduction between the tension wheel and the tension shaft. This gear reduction reduces the amount of force the installer must exert in order to apply the initial tension to the springs
Cycle (Definition)
A cycle is defined as one opening plus one closing of a door.
Pass Door
A pass door, sometimes called a wicket door, is a hollow metal pedestrian door integrated into the rolling door assembly.
Rolling Fire Doors
A rolling fire door is a fire door assembly consisting of a curtain, bottom bar, barrel, guides, brackets, hood and an automatic closing device.
Inertia Brake
A unit that is attached to the door shaft and bracket or wall which will stop the door from free falling should there be a catastrophic failure in the motor operator brake, roller chain drive or tension spring assembly.
Inside Tension Device
An inside tension device is typically used on counter doors and between jambs applications where side room is limited. There are two types of inside tension devices, inside tension wheels and inside shaft holders. Inside tension devices create a more finished look on counter doors and may be required on between-jambs applications.
Sloped Bottom bar
An optional bottom bar is available that is tapered to match the slope of the floor to help to seal when the sill of the opening is not level.
Wind measuring instrument
Anemometer
Integral Frame Doors
Available in wood, steel, and stainless steel, integral frame doors incorporate the entire door and opening framing into one including sill, jambs, header, fascia, and complete door assembly. Integral Frame Doors are factory assembled and are installed as the wall is built. These are most commonly used in food service counters.
Bench Mount
Bracket mounted horizontal operators, sometimes called Bench Mount, are used when head room and side room are limited.
BTU Definition
British Thermal Unit - One BTU is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit.
NEMA 4X
Corrosion Resistant: Same as NEMA 4, but also corrosion resistant. The enclosure material is usually a polymer or stainless steel.
Negative Wind Load
Caused by crosswinds on the side of the building and turbulent suction on the trailing side of the building. Causes door to suck outwards
Combination Doors
Combination doors, sometimes called superimposed doors, utilize a dual track system that allows two doors to be used in the same opening. This type of system is used to combine two different door types. The most common example is the combination of a rolling grille and a rolling service door to allow air flow while maintaining security. Typically the exterior door utilizes a solid slat construction, while the interior door is a fenestrated door or rolling grille.`
2 types of loads a rolling door will exert on a building
Dead Load - Includes the weight of the curtain, counterbalance, hood, operator, etc. Live Load - Result from wind loads that act on the door curtain. A door with windlocks experience more force on a building
Direct Drive Chain Hoists
Mechanical Advantage of 1 to 1
Door Speed Equation
Door Speed = (RPM x TT x MT) / (60 x DT x WR) TT = Total Travel in inches MT = Number of teeth on motor sprocket DT = number of teeth on door sprocket WR = Working revolutions of the door (the number of times the barrel turns while the door is being opened.)
Guides
Door guides retain the edges of the curtain within the opening. Typically the tops of guides are flared (bellmouth)
Wall Mounted operator
Door shaft to operator shaft should be 12-15 inches sideroom permitting
NEMA 12
Dust-Tight: A sealed enclosure designed to exclude dust, lint, fibers, and oil.
Emergency Egress
Emergency egress is a special operator and door design most typically encountered on rolling grilles. Emergency egress provides an emergency release lever on the wall near the door that disconnects the door operator. The door is over-sprung at the floor so that when the operator is released, the door opens on its own. This provides quick opening of the door for people to escape in the event of an emergency. Early versions of these doors were designed to only open to around 36" off the floor. More recent versions are now designed to
Aluminum Finishes
Most are mill finished, for more corrosive environments: - Anodized - Primed and painted - Powder Coated
Interior vs Exterior Mount Slat profiles
If the slats were not properly oriented when assembled, water would collect inside the individual slat beads and ultimately penetrate into the building.
2 most popular building codes
International Building Code (IBC) issued by International Code Council (ICC) and NFPA 5000 issued by NFPA
K - Factor
K-Factor is used to measure an insulation material's thermal conductivity. Thermal conductivity is defined as the degree to which a material facilitates the flow (conduction) of heat. K-Factors are presented in numerical form (typically decimals) with a high decimal value indicative of high conduction, which is detrimental to insulating performance, and a low decimal value indicative of low conduction which is beneficial to insulating performance. K-Factor is calculated by dividing 1 by a product's insulation R-Value. An example of this calculation is as follows: Material: 1.00# Density EPS with an R-Value of 3.85 per inch. K-Factor Calculation: 1 divided by 3.85 (R-Value) = .259 (K-Factor)
R-Value
R-Value is used to measure a material's resistance to heat flow and is the most commonly used measure for determining the performance of an insulating product. A product's R-Value is its ability to retard heat flow.
Typical Curtain Ratings
R-Value: 6-8 STC: 20 db Gauge: 24,22,20,18 sometimes 16 and 14
NEMA 3R
Rainproof: Designed for outdoor use to protect equipment from rain. It does not necessarily have to be watertight from underneath.
Types of Rolling Doors
Rolling Service Door Rolling Counter Door Rolling Grilles
Shot Peening
Shot peening corrects surface imperfections created in the manufacture of the spring by bombarding the surface of the spring with small pellet-like spheres. This extends the life of the spring providing additional operational cycles.
Side Coiling Doors
Side coiling doors have a unique application and can be used in tight overhead applications. Side coiling doors come in solid and grill design and allow for a combination of patterns not available in the coiling door. The doors are installed with an overhead track allowing for the door to free hang.
Side Folding Grilles
Side folding grilles are accordion style folding doors which slide into the sides of the opening and stack into a pocket in the wall.
Vision Slats
Similar to fenestrated slats, vision slats utilize rectangular cutouts in the slats with clear coverings to create small windows in the door. They are typically grouped in rows of multiple slats at eye level of the door to provide visibility to the opposite side of the door. The clear coverings prevent bugs and weather from entering and allow light to pass through the curtain.
Steel Sheet metal components - Minimum coatings
Slats are galvanized with zinc coatings ranging from G40 to G90.
"E" Type Guide
Steel Jambs
Barrel Construction
The industry practice indicates that the barrel pipe shall not deflect more than .03" per foot of width.
Operational Wind Load
The maximum windload at which a particular door is still able to operate
UL 325-2010
The most noteworthy of which was revision to section 30, which now requires that all commercial/industrial door operators monitor an external entrapment protection device or otherwise function only in constant pressure to close.
Type 304 Stainless Steel
The most versatile, and one of the most widely applied of the 300 series stainless steels. - Excellent forming and welding characteristics - Excellent corrosion resistant properties even more than Type 302
Flame Spread
The numeric flame spread rating for any material is a relative comparison to the flame spread ratings of cement asbestos board (0) and red oak (100). Typical building codes require that the flame spread rating for materials used in commercial construction applications not exceed 75.
Smoke Developed
The numeric smoke developed rating for any material is determined by a measuring device, which is installed in the outlet of the Steiner Tunnel Testing Machine. As material is burned by the Steiner Test method, smoke generated during the test is ducted out of the tunnel where its density is measured and recorded. Typical building codes require that the smoke developed rating for materials used in commercial construction applications not exceed 450.
Design Wind Load
The wind pressure a fully closed door is designed to withstand while remaining intact and safely operable after the wind ceases. Design windload is usually much higher than operational wind load
Crane Way Doors
These doors get their name from their most common application, closing openings along bridge cranes. The lower portion of the curtain is a shorter length than the upper portion to fit between the structural beams of the crane. When open, these doors allow passage of a bridge crane from the inside to the outside of a building.
Windlocks
Windlocks incorporate a locking tab to secure the curtain to the windbar inside the guides, preventing the curtain from releasing in high wind environments or to meet specific windload requirements
"Z" Type Guide
Wood, Masonry, Concrete
Rolling door materials
aluminum, steel, stainless steel, wood
External Entrapment Protection
an apparatus intended to prevent persons from becoming caught or held under a closing door causing risk for injury. Photeyes or sensing edges
Powder coating
an electrostatic applied polymer is baked-on to steel components providing a durable finish in a wide array of color choices.
FASCIA
back hood used to encapsulate back side of hood
First rolling steel company
columbus ohio 1895
Push - Up Operation
operation requires that the effort to operate the door at any point of travel will not exceed 30 pounds of force. The maximum size of a given door will vary based upon curtain weight and counterbalance design, but generally will not exceed 10-feet in width. Although a pull down/pushup pole or rope can be utilized for doors up to around 10-feet high, push-up operation is not normally recommended for doors over 7 foot 6 inches high due to the reach limitations of the average height person.
Wind?
organized translation of large amounts of air at one time
Insulation (Definition)
the ability of a material to retard the flow of energy
Sloping hood
used in exterior mount applications for runoff
Positive Wind Load
wind hits the door directly and attempts to blow the door into the building, like a sail on a sail boat
Cold Galvanizing
zinc rich spray on liquid coating or zinc rich powder coating is applied to metal components for enhanced protection against weather and corrosion.
Additional requirements of UL 325-2010 pertaining to rolling door operators
• If a three button station is provided at least one button must be stop. • Controls shall be far enough from the door or positioned such that the user is prevented from coming in contact with the door while operating the controls. • Exposed moving parts of an industrial door operator that is intended to be mounted more than 8 ft above the floor are not required to be guarded or enclosed if the operator is marked indicating minimum acceptable installation height. If an industrial door operator is installed below 8 ft., the exposed moving parts must be guarded or enclosed to conceal pinch points.
