Communications Test 1

Intimate relationship

0 Inches-18 inches

Personal relationship

1 foot-4 ft

Public relationship

12 ft-25+feet

Social relationship

4ft-12 ft

Self-fulfilling Prophecy

A prediction that comes true because you act on it as if it were true.

Attribution [of control]

A process by which you focus on explaining why someone behaved as he or she did on the basis of whether the person had control over his or her behavior.

Self-disclosure

A type of communication in which you reveal information about yourself that you normally keep hidden.

Listening Process Step 5-RESPONDING

Answering Giving Feedback

Territories-Public territory

Are areas that are open to all people such as a park, movie house, restaurant, or beach.

Listening barrier- Premature Judgment

Assuming you know what the speaker is going to say and there's no need to listen.

Listening barrier- Biases and Prejudices

Biases and prejudices against groups, will invariably distort listening.

Mass Communication

Communication addressed to an extremely large audience, mediated by audio and/or visual means

Computer-mediated Communication

Communication between people via computers

Public Communication

Communication of speaker with audience

Interviewing Communication

Communication that proceeds by question and answer

Intra-personal Communication

Communication with self

Inter-personal Communication

Communication with two or small group

Small Group Communication

Communication within an organization

Bypassing

Is the miscommunication pattern which occurs when the sender and receiver miss each other with their meanings.

Paralanguage

Is the vocal but nonverbal dimension of speech. It has to do not with what you say, but how you say it. (pitch, volume, voice qualities as rate all contribute)

Listening Process Step 4-EVALUATING

Judging Criticizing

Johari Window-Open Self

Known to Others and Known to Self

Johari Window-Blind Self

Known to Others and Not known to Self

Horns Effect

Lead you to perceive those who are unattractive as mean, dishonest, antisocial, and sneaky. (negative qualities will lead to perceive that they have other negative qualities)

Listening Process Step 2-UNDERSTANDING

Learning Deciphering meaning

Integrating with Verbal Messages-CONTRADICT

May deliberately use nonverbal to suggest different. Such as crossing your fingers or winking to show you are lying or joking.

Report talk

Men play up their expertise, emphasize it, and use it to dominate the interaction. Their focus is on reporting information.

Low-context culture

Most of the information is explicitly stated in the verbal message. In formal transactions it will be stated in written form.(Individualist Culture)

Integrating with Verbal Messages-REGULATE

Movements may serve to regulate-to control or indicate your desire to control the flow of verbal messages. Making gestures like pursing your lips or leaning forward suggesting you want to speak.

High-context culture

Much of the information in communication is in the context or in the person example-Inormation that was shared through previous communications.(Collectivist Culture)

Integrating with Verbal Messages-ACCENT

Nonverbal uses to accent the verbal by raising your voice to underscore a particular word or looking deep into someone's eyes saying I love you.

Johari Window-Unknown Self

Not known to Others and Not known to Self

Johari Window-Hidden Self

Not known to Others but known to Self

Type of Noise 1

Physical Noise-Interference that is external. example-screeching of car

Listening barrier-Distractions: Physical and Mental

Physical barriers include hearing impairment, a noisy environment, or loud music. Mental distractions are things that get in the way of focused listening.

Type of Noise 2

Physiological Noise-Created by barriers within the sender or receiver. example-visual impairments, hearing loss

High-power-distance

Power is concentrated in the hands of a few, and there's a great difference between the power held by these people and the power of the ordinary citizen example-Slovakia, Mexico, Philippines.

Low-power-distance

Power is more distributed throughout the citizenry example-Austria, Israel, Denmark, Great Britain.

Type of Noise 3

Psychological Noise-Mental interference in speaker or listener. example-preconcieved biases, extreme emotionalism

Listening Process Step 3- REMEMBERING

Recalling Retaining

Denotative

Referential meaning; the objective or descriptive meaning of a word

Integrating with Verbal Messages-REPEAT

Repeat what you say with a non-verbal such as "Is that all right?" with eyebrows being raised.

Netiquette

Rules of being polite on the internet

Type of Noise 4

Semantic Noise-Created when the speaker and listener have different meaning systems. example-jargon

High-abstraction message

Speaking very general

Low-abstraction message

Speaking very specific-seems to work best

Integrating with Verbal Messages-SUBSTITUTE

Substitute verbal messages with nonverbal such as using your head to indicate yes or no with a nod or shake.

Collectivist culture

Teaches members the importance of group values such as benevolence, tradition, and conformity. example-Guatemala, Ecuador, Colombia, Pakistan, China

Individualistic culture

Teaches members the importance of individual values such as power, achievement, hedonism, and stimulation. example-US, Australia, UK, Netherlands

Chronemics

Temporal communication, concerns the use of time-how you organize it, react to it, and communicate messages through it. (Culture time and psychological time)

Olfactory communication

The body's and mind's reactions to smells.

Connotative

The feeling or emotional aspect of a meaning.

Ethnocentrism

The tendency to see others and their behaviors through our own cultural filters, often as distortions of our own behaviors; the tendency to evaluate the values and beliefs of our own culture more positively than those of another culture.

Over attribution

The tendency to single out one or two obvious characteristics of a person and attribute everything that person does to this one or these two characteristics-distorts perception.

Haptic

Touch communication, suggests that touch is perhaps the most primitive form of communication.

Integrating with Verbal Messages-COMPLEMENT

Used to complement or add nuances of meaning not communicated by your verbal message. May smile when telling a story to suggest humor

Rapport talk

Women seek to share feelings, build rapport, and establish closer relationships, and use listening to achieve these ends.

Territories-Secondary territory

You don't own but are familiar with because of time spent there:your chair in a classroom, neighborhood turf, a cafeteria table where you usually sit.

Territories-Primary territory

Your exclusive preserve:your desk, room, house, or backyard

Pygmalion Effect

Example of self-fulfilling prophecy named after Pygmalion a sculptor in Greek mythology who created a statue of a beautiful woman and fell in love with it. Venus awarded him making the statue come alive, Galatea. Used in workforces.

Listening barrier- Lack of Appropriate Focus

Getting lost in the speakers conversation. Or focusing on the response you are going to give.

Listening Process Step 1-RECEIVING

Hearing and Attending

Halo Effect

If you believe a person has some positive qualities, you're likely to infer that she or he also possesses other positive qualities.