content study
Silk Road
A trade route that ran (100 BCE to 1300 CE) from China through Afghanistan and into Persia and Eastern Europe that carried goods and ideas between civilizations.
Great Depression
A unprecedented period of worldwide economic downturn. Began in Oct. 1929 with the United States stock market crash. World War II was integral in pulling many countries out of the depression by increasing factory production
Francis Bacon
Introduced the idea of the scientific method and experimentation based on empirical (verifiable) evidence.
Location
Location refers to the way geographers develop an address for an area.
5 themes of geography
Location, Place, Human-Environment Interaction, Movement, Region
Which President is commonly considered the architect of the Great Society?
Lyndon Johnson
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
Spanish explorer searching for the Seven Cities of Gold. He arrived in Texas when a hurricane pushed him and his men ashore in 1529.
Which of the following is an example of a law that might be passed by the federal government?
a law banning ivory sold in the united states
Factor Market
a market in which the factors of production are bought and sold (The labor market)
Based on the hierarchy illustrated, government in feudal Japan would best be classified as:
a monarchy- The Emperor served as the absolute monarch and ruled the country through his Shogun and Samurai.
Which of the following were direct effects of the Scientific Revolution? Select all answers that apply.
a renewed focus on deductive reasoning and the use of evidence, diminished belief in the Church
Crusades
a series of military expeditions in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries by Westrn European Christians to reclain control of the Holy Lands from the Muslims
Which of the following factors is most likely to encourage initial human settlement in an area?
abundant natural resources
A teacher reads a current newspaper article about how a new state law was just ruled invalid by the state judge. Which of the following concepts could best be taught using the newspaper article as an example?
checks and balances
The 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments, passed during Reconstruction, extended civil and legal protections to which of the following groups?
former slaves
Presidios
fortified bases built by the Spanish in the New World
The Emancipation Proclamation is notable for accomplishing which of the following?
freeing the slaves
Which of the following is the best example of a benefit of the rise of globalism?
increase in technological innovations
The game of musical chairs, where there is always one less chair than there are players in the game, best demonstrates which of the following?
scarcity of resources
Parliament enacted the Tea Act of 1773 primarily to:
sell tea only at government-approved tea houses The Tea Act allowed the East India Trading Company to deliver tea directly to the colonies (previously, tea was shipped to America through middlemen). The result was that the cost of British tea was reduced in the colonies-although it was still more expensive than what the colonists had been paying for other, foreign tea. The colonists were required to pay the Tea Tax imposed by the Townshend Acts, but instead of paying the tax, the colonists organized resistance to purchasing and drinking tea. The anger amongst colonies about the Tea Act was not toward the act itself, but rather toward England's attempt to impose the tax.
One reason the American Revolution is significant in world history is because it:
set an example for future revolutions and constitutional governements
Which of the following is the best example of a country's location affecting its natural resources?
the many climate zones of the U.S allow for a wide agricultural diversity and high yields of crops
In a mixed economy, price is set by:
the market, with government input.
In economics, the "opportunity cost" of a choice refers to the cost of:
the next-best forgone activity.
Which of the following contributions from the Byzantine Empire was important in organizing the governments of Western Europe during the Renaissance period?
the organization and preservation of Roman law
Rain Shadow Effect
the phenomenon in which desert-like conditions appear on the leeward side of a mountain or mountain range
Human settlement requires all of the following except:
Access to entertainment
Which of the following geographic factors favored the development of Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China?
All four civilizations were located along the banks of major rivers.
Cherokee Native Americans
A collection of tribes with common cultural elements. Lived in the southeastern United States but were a widely dispersed population. Had no central government. Relied on agriculture, hunting and gathering.
Mohican Native Americans
A confederacy of five tribes along the Hudson River. Lived primarily on agriculture, but also some hunting and gathering. Lived in longhouses.
Iroquois Confederacy / Iroquois League
A confederacy of six different tribes that was the most powerful native group in the northeast. Expanded tribes through war and conquest.
Fertile Crescent
A crescent-shaped area from the Mediterranean Sea on the West to the Persian Gulf on the East and that contained extremely fertile soil. Some of the first agricultural communities were settled there and it is sometimes referred to as "The Cradle of Civilization."
Albert Einstein
A famed scientist who left Germany during World War II and settled in the United States and warned world leaders of the dangers of nuclear weapons
Railway Labor Act
A federal law passed in 1926 which didn't allow railroad or airline industries to strike, but allowed bargaining, arbitration, and mediation.
Sojourner Truth
A former slave who argued for abolition of slavery and women's rights.
Oligarchy
A government ruled by a few powerful people
Underground Railroad
A group of secret houses and routes that helped African-American slaves to escape to free states.
Northwest Passage
A hypothesized water route from the Atlantic to Pacific Ocean. It would have facilitated trade with Asia, but one was never found. Eventually, the Panama Canal would connect these oceans in Central America.
March On Washington
A march for the passage of the Civil Rights Act in which more than 200,000 people marched alongside Martin Luther King, Jr.
Coahuiltecan
An accumulation of several tribes that shared language and culture. Nomadic hunters and gatherers found widespread throughout South Texas
Humid Subtropical
An area found in the middle latitudes along the southeastern coast of continents
Humid Continental
An area found inland in the middle latitudes. It is marked by four distinct seasons.
Tundra
An extremely cold, little to no precipitation. Generally found near the poles.
The Columbian Exchange resulted in:
An increase in dietary choices in both Europe and the Americas
Spindletop
An oil derrick in Beaumont, Texas that became the most productive derreck in the world in 1901, producing over 100,000 barrels in a day and bringing a boom to Texas' oil and gas industry
Which of the following environmental conditions might cause a farmer utilize drip irrigation systems?
Drought
Jacques Cartier
French explorer who was the first to search for a water route from the Atlantic to the Pacific (St. Lawrence river)
Which of the following represent how the US Constitution dealt with the issue of slavery? Select all answers that apply.
Fugitive Slave Cause; Three-Fifths Compromise
What drove the United States to enter World War I?
German U-boats sinking American ships
U-Boats
German submarines which were used in WW I and WW II
World War I ended with unresolved issues that are believed to have eventually led to WWII. Which of the following are included in this list? Select all answers that apply.
Germany believed the Treaty of Versailles treated them unfairly. Many countries remained bitter and untrusting of each other after the war.
Central Powers of WWI
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria
Which of the following best describes the concept of Manifest Destiny?
God's will for America was to stretch from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean in 19th century. (from sea to shining sea)
Which of the following descriptions best summarizes the tradeoff produced by taxation?
Government revenue increases at the expense of privately available funds
Allied Powers of WWI
Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Romania, Japan, and the United States
Which of the following is known for creating the foundation of democratic principles?
Greece
Of the following, which is the earliest example of written law?
Hammurabi's Code
Which of the following best describes the lasting impact of Lyndon B. Johnson's political career on Texas?
He influenced the establishment of Houston as an industrial and scientific research hub focused on space and and aeronautics
Seneca Falls Convention
Held in New York in 1848, this convention is seen as the first organized step in the women's suffrage movement
Tonkawas
Hunters and gatherers in the Gulf Region of Texas who lived in huts and teepees and were enemies to the Comanches
Legend
Image that explains symbols found on map or globe
Galileo Galilei
Improved the telescope and used it to prove Copernicus' heliocentric theory. (1632)
Little Rock 9
In 1957, the first black students to enter a public school after de-segregation was ruled the law of the land in Brown v. Topeka Board of Education
Allied Powers of WWII
Included the United Kingdom, France, Soviet Union, the United States, and Canada
The decision to open a new automobile manufacturing plant in a Midwestern state is likely to lead to all of the following EXCEPT:
Increase in affordable housing options
Which of the following was not an effect of Pearl Harbor?
Increased European immigration
Holocaust
Intentional genocide of the Jewish people of Europe is known today as the Holocaust, and took the lives of an estimated six million Jews.
Telephone
Invented in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell. Allowed instantaneous voice communication over a long distance for the first time
How did the Louisiana Purchase positively affect the growth and development of the United States?
It allowed Americans to explore and settle the land between the Mississippi River & Rocky Mountains
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 had which of the following effects? Select all answers that apply.
It encouraged desegregation in schools;it outlawed discrimination by public accommodations (theaters, hotels, restaurant,etc)
Who led the Communists in China during the Revolution of 1949?
Mao Zedong
Which of the following best describes the long term impact of prohibition on Texas?
Local statuses vary and temperance is still a conflict in local gov't across the state
Which of the following is an example of absolute location?
Madagascar can be found at 18.7669° S, 46.8691° E.
All of the following are associated with the advancement of civil rights and civil liberties in the United States except:
Mahatma Ghandi
Lowell Female Labor Reform Association
Main goals were to establish a ten-hour workday and influence the state legislature of Massachusetts to investigate working conditions in factories.
What was Texas' main role during the Civil War?
TX provided many confederate states with supplies like horses, weapons, and food
Which of the following best describes the post-Civil War economy in Texas?
Texas specialized in cotton & cattle
Which of the following statements are true regarding Texas' passing of the 19th Amendment, granting women the right to vote?
Texas was the first of the former Confederate states to ratify the 19th Amendment.
Which of the following constitutional amendments prohibits the denial of voting based upon race, color, or previous servitude?
The 15th Amendment
Which amendment prohibited the sale of alcohol in the United States?
The 18th Amendment prohibited alcohol and ushered in the era of prohibition. (CAN'T drink when you are 18)
The women's suffrage movement was organized after the Seneca Falls Convention in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. The convention is seen as the first organized step in the women's suffrage movement. What amendment finally gave women the right to vote, and in what year was it ratified?
The 19th Amendment. 1920
Which of the following battles marked the beginning of the Texas Revolution?
The Battle of Gonzales in 1835
Between 1849 and 1852, nearly 250,000 people migrated to California. Which was the primary cause of this large migration?
The California Gold Rush- The discovery of gold in California led to the California Gold Rush and was the cause of the largest migration in American history.
Which one of the following was not one of the ways that the Catholic Church influenced developments in medieval Europe?
The Church created social mobility by promoting church leaders from poor and uneducated families.
Which of the following U.S. documents states that the purpose of government includes the establishing of justice and securing the blessings of liberty?
The Constitution (in the preamble)
Which of the following is true regarding Texas's historical political alignment?
The Democratic party controlled Texas until the 1990s when it shifted into a primarily Republican state
Why did the Ancient Egyptians experience very little offensive attacks from other civilizations?
The Egyptians were surrounded by deserts and other natural barriers
In 1919, what United States constitutional amendment was passed, banning the consumption, production, or sale of alcohol in the United States?
The Eighteenth Amendment
The period between 5th century and 13th century CE in Europe is known as The Dark Ages. Which of the following best describes why this period is known as The Dark Ages?
The culture experienced a deterioration.
Pre-Columbian Cultures
The cultures of the Americas before European settlement. Usually includes indigenous cultures as they continued to develop centuries or decades after Columbus' discovery.
Factors of Production
The determinants of when and where economic activity can and most likely will occur: land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship
Mercantilism
The economic idea that a country needs to amass wealth through more exporting than importing and measures wealth by the amount of gold that a nation possesses.
Which of the following are differences between the equator and the prime meridian? Select all answers that apply.
The equator is a latitude line and the prime meridian is a longitude line; The equator divides the earth into northern and southern hemisphere & the prime meridian divides the earth into the western & Eastern hemisphere
Appeasement
The failed approach by the League of Nations, led by US President Woodrow Wilson, to prevent nationalist leaders in Europe from increasing aggression, but resulted in Germany's invasion of Poland and the beginning of World War II
Dark Ages
The first part of the middle ages (476 CE to 1050 CE). This period began with the fall of Rome and a decline of Western civilization.
Baby Boomers
The generation born following WWII (1940s). This population bubble has had a significant impact on American culture, economy, and politics as the baby boomers have aged. Their concerns became the primary concerns of the nation.
Alcalde
The head of a town in the Spanish territory in the New World
Which of the following is a correct example of checks and balances in the U.S. government?
The judicial branch reviews legislation and can declare laws passed by Congress to be unconstitutional- This is the best example of checks and balances.
Alps Mountain Range
The key physical feature in Europe, this range runs from Austria to France.
Which of the following is an accurate description of a major turning point in American history?
The land deal in 1803 between France and U.S gave 827,000 acres of land west of the Mississippi for about $15,000,000
Which of the following correctly pairs one major advantage with one major disadvantage possessed by the Union in the Civil War?
The leadership of Abraham Lincoln was an advantage & disadvantage was that the Union was fighting in unfamiliar territory
Confounding the hardships felt by Texans during the Great Depression was the event known as the Dust Bowl. Which of the following statements about the Dust Bowl is false?
The majority of those affected were rural farmers, urban areas were able to avoid the devastation
New Amsterdam
The most diverse colony which was a Dutch settlement on the southern tip of Manhattan Island. (now NYC)
Medici
The most powerful Florentine family, gained their wealth as bankers and used it to beautify Florence with art and architecture during the Renaissance.
Roman Catholic Church
The most powerful Medieval institution, supreme in religious matters and a force in political matters as well.
Which of the following best describes how the number of electors assigned to each state is determined?
The number of electors is equal to the number of representatives plus the number of senators for the state.
Cold War
The period after WWII in which the United States and the Soviet Union never truly engaged in warfare, but was marked by political disagreements between the capitalist and communist countries
What was the influence of the Industrial Revolution on the population densities of urban and rural communities?
The population of urban communities grew rapidly & the pop of rural communities declined
relative location
The position of a place in relation to another place
Which of the following is true of U.S. presidential elections?
The presidential candidate chooses a vice-presidential candidate and the two campaign together and run on the same ticket.
In the fall of 2014, the price of oil fell sharply from an average of over $100 per barrel to less than $50 per barrel. Based on the principles of supply and demand, which of the following is most likely true?
The price decline was caused by an overproduction of oil.
Urbanization
The process of a society becoming more urban, with growing populations in dense city centers and a move away from rural living
What was the purpose and outcome of the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848?
The purpose of the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 was to call attention to the grievances of women. The outcome of the convention was the "Declaration of Sentiments and Resolution." (which demanded equal social status and legal rights for women, including the right to vote, and is considered to be the beginning of the Women's Suffrage Movement.)
Renaissance
The rebirth of Europe's interest in ancient civilizations of Greece and Rome including interest in art and literature. (1453 CE to 1600 CE). Spurred by trading and the crusades.
Which of the following contributed most to the beginning of representative government in America?
Two Treatises of Government by John Locke- was published in 1689 and had a significant influence on the development of representative government in the U.S. In the book, Locke states that the best government is a contract between the people and the government, establishing that the people should give power to the government and that the power of the government should come from the people and not a king or monarchy.
Who led the Bolshevik party, a Russian group fighting for radical and elitist revolution?
Vladimir Lenin
Social solidarity
When a group/society is brought together by common values. Solidarity also transpires through common work, kinship, and/or education.
Decolonization
When a settlement that has been controlled by a foreign country, often European, fights for its autonomy and independence from its mother country. The decline of colonial powers throughout Asia and Africa after World War II.
Which of the following best describes the effect of the Black Death on capitalism?
With fewer serfs to support lords, serfs were able to demand more money, eventually buying their freedom and move into towns.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Women's rights advocate; created the Seneca Falls Convention and the Declaration of Rights and Sentiments with Lucretia Mott.
What was an unintended benefit of America joining the Allies in World War II?
Women's role in the workplace improved
The United States is classified as which form of government?
a Democratic Republic- which means citizens from cities and states elect officials to represent them at the state and federal level.
Alonso Álvarez de Pineda
a Spanish explorer who, in 1519, mapped the coast of Texas as well as surrounding coastlines.
The Great Compromise during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 resulted in which of the following agreements?
a bicameral legislative body
Mr. Anders asks students to draw a map of their school. Billy turns in his map, but Mr. Anders is unable to identify how to orient the map to read it. Which of the following features should Billy add to his map?
a compass rose
The Great Compromise
a compromise between states in the formation of the Constitution. Larger states wanted more influence in Congress because they had more people that would be affected by federal laws; the smaller states were concerned the larger states, if given more delegates, would impose their will on the smaller states, rendering the smaller states powerless. The compromise was the creation of the Senate and House of Representatives with each state getting two seats in the Senate and the House of Representative delegates being allocated based on state population.
The Matrix of Domination
a concept that says that the issue of the impact of race, gender, and class on society cannot be viewed and understood separately, but must be scrutinized as they interrelate to each other.
Slavery was outlawed following the end of the Civil War. This action was an example of a/an:
a constitutional amendent (13th)
Which of the following will most likely result in a price decrease AND sales decrease for smartphones?
a decrease in demand for smartphones
Which of the following will most likely result in a price decrease AND sales decrease in the market for tennis racquets?
a decrease in demand for tennis racquets
All of the following were effects felt by Texas as a result of World War II, except:
a decrease in urban city centers as military bases pulled more people into rural areas.
During the era of Reconstruction in the South after the Civil War, carpetbagger was a term usually associated with which of the following?
a northerner migrating to South in the hopes of investing and capitalizing on economic opportunities after the Civil War
The Anti-Federalists were most concerned about what feature of the U.S. Constitution?
a powerful central government (feared this and sought out to have individual protection in constitution)
In the Preamble of the United States Constitution, the founders explain their intent to set forth laws that will govern them and the rest of the county. This is an example of:
a social contract
Gulf Stream
a strong, warm current in the Atlantic ocean which accelerates as it travels up the east coast of N America and shoots out into the open ocean towards Europe
The Battle of San Jacinto
a surprise attack by the Texas Revolutionary Army against Santa Anna and the Mexican military. The surprise was very effective and the battle resulted in the capture of Santa Anna.
As U.S. citizens began to immigrate to Texas, the tensions between native Mexicans and Anglos increased. Which of the following is LEAST likely to have contributed to the tensions between the two groups?
a trade imbalance resulting from the different currencies between Anglos and Native Americans
Which of the following best describes the impact of the Age of Exploration on the economy?
access to new markets led to the transition from mercantilism to capitalism
California experienced a significant drought from 2012-2015. Many almond farmers began planting crops that required less water to grow. This action is an example of:
adapting to environmental changes
Steppes
an area far from the ocean in the middle latitudes. it is marked by extreme seasons
Taiga
an area found in the high latitudes and far from the ocean
supply and demand
an economic concept that states that the price of a good rises and falls depending on how many people want it (demand) and depending on how much of the good is available (supply)
What is the most important consequence of the European crusades that sought to reclaim the Holy Lands in the name of Christendom?
established trade with Asia
The division of power between the United States federal government and the states which compose the union of the United States demonstrates the principle of:
federalism
Copernicus
first to discredit the church-accepted theory of an Earth-centered universe
Mediterranean climates
found in the middle latitudes, in land along the western coast of a continent. Summers are hot and dry, while winters are mild and wet.
Which best describes the Emancipation Proclamation?
freed slaves in those states that were fighting against the U.S government
Encomienda
grants from the crown giving the receivers the right to extract as much wealth for themselves from a specific area as possible, either through native labor or through the payment of tributes
Many economic migrants arrived in the United States in the 19th century to take advantage of which of the following?
high levels of available land
Industrialization in the 19th and 20th centuries has contributed to which of the following?
higher emissions of greenhouse gases
The gender divide present in education throughout most of American history has led to which of the following consequences?
higher salaries for men than women in most fields
Jim Crow Laws
in the South specifically targeted the liberties of black citizens, and were designed to dismantle Reconstruction efforts to remake Southern society.
The levying of a tax on cabbage will _______ the cost of cabbage, placing the burden of the tax on _______
increase; consumers
In a free market, as price increases the quantity supplied will __________ while the quantity demanded will __________.
increase; decrease
Which of the following were causes of the increased United States urban population during the late 1800s? Select all answers that apply.
increased birth rates; americans moving away from farms
Which of the following is NOT an established effect of modern large-scale industrial fishing practices?
increased development of new coral reefs
In what way did the Silk Road play a role in ending the Dark Ages, leading to the Renaissance?
increased the exchange of both goods and ideas between regions
Which one of the following was not considered a factor in the fall of the Roman Empire?
insufficient financial support for the government due to little or no taxation
Which of the following is the best example for a teacher to use when showing the direct impact of human activities on the environment?
irrigation channels in agricultural communities
judicial review
is the ability of the Supreme Court to strike down laws created by the Congress, which provides a way to limit Congressional power.
The Dutch East India Company was one of the first ________ types of commercial organization.
joint stock company
The Supreme Court most directly affects federal and state policies through its use of:
judicial review
Which of the following describes the biggest impact of the Industrial Revolution on daily life in America?
large number of families moved from rural areas to urban areas
Latitude vs. longitude
latitudes get fat around the equator, but longitudes are always long pole to pole.
A group of teachers and students meets with their elected officials to ask for their support for new legislation affecting schools. This is an example of:
lobbying
Which of the following is a major responsibility of local governments?
maintaining city & county transportation infrastructre
The freedom of petition
means that citizens may petition the government to correct a wrong through legal channels. This includes writing to elected representatives for or against proposed legislation.
Which of the following economic ideas believes a country's wealth can be measured by its amount of gold reserves?
mercantilism
Which of the following is NOT considered a regular responsibility of citizens of the United States?
military service
Which of the following was an unintended effect of the Crown requiring alcaldes to seek permission before making changes in their towns?
slow development
Which of these features of the modern economy has helped to increase global interdependence?
specialization in production
A teacher asks the students to pick an object in the classroom and then describe how far away three other objects are from the first object. The teacher then invites students to present their descriptions to the class. Which of the following learning objectives is this most likely to promote?
student's understanding of relative location
Common Sense by Thomas Paine helped inspire which of the following?
the American Revolution
Tropics
the region between the Tropic of Cancer (23.5 degrees north latitude) and the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5 degrees south latitude); warm temperatures; high rainfall (Amazon Rainforest)
The Trail of Tears refers to which of the following?
the removal of the Cherokee and other Native Americans from their ancestral lands
The two-party system in the United States reflects which core tenet of the democratic process?
the right for people to choose their representatives
Women's Suffrage
the right of women to vote
Which of the following is NOT a right guaranteed to American citizens?
the right to employment
Which of the following was an important social development made possible by the First Industrial Revolution?
the rise of the middle class
Which of the following was the greatest contributing factor to the start of the Great Depression?
the stock market crash in 1929
Microeconomics is best understood as:
the study of individuals and their decisions.
Macroeconomics
the study of the function and operation of the large-scale, national, and global economy
The unemployment rate measures the labor force, but lacks a means to measure which of the following member?
the underemployed
The Cold War Era was marked by all the following except:
the use of nuclear weapons in small wars
Subsidies are designed to have which of the following effects?
to encourage companies to produce otherwise cost-prohibitive goods
An Excerpt from "A Declaration of the Sentiments of the People of Hartford Regarding the Measures of the Abolitionists" And furthermore, we believe, and declare, that the conduct of the Abolitionists, in distributing their incendiary publications—not discussing the subject of slavery, but addressed only to the passions of a degraded and servile population—in the slave holding States, in violation of their laws and in contravention of the spirit of the constitution of the United States, which guarantees to each State the exclusive regulation of all local interests, including that of master and slave, is wholly unjustifiable—a contempt of public opinion, a flagrant outrage against the society which affords them protection, and a high offense against the principles of morality, because their whole conduct is predicated on a total recklessness of consequences, which can only proceed from depravity of heart or desperate infatuation. With these views of the subject, we declare our solemn conviction, that it is the duty of all good citizens, by word, deed and example, to condemn and discountenance the violent measures of the Abolitionists, and to use all reasonable and peaceable means, consistent with their own rights, to put an end to them; to restore quiet to the public mind, and harmony and confidence among the people of every section of our happy confederacy. HARTFORD, OCTOBER, 1835. Which of the following was the main purpose for writing this this document?
to encourage everyone to use their duties as citizens to condemn the work of Abolitionists
What was the main reason that the United States fought in the Korean War?
to prevent the spread of communism
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Bill of Rights?
to provide additional protection to individuals
Which of the following best captures the purpose of the Mission system in California?
to spread Spanish culture and religion among the Native Americans in California
What was the main reason that the United States fought in the Vietnam War?
to stop the spread of communism
Suffragists such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton primarily campaigned to gain women the legal right to do which of the following?
to vote
Of the following systems, which is LEAST likely to promote the welfare and respect the opinion of its citizens?
totalitarian
Fulton's steamboat had the greatest impact on which two industries?
transportation and trade
Teotihuacán
A civilization known for pyramids, temples and roads.
Toltec
A civilization known for skill in metal work and pottery.
In economics, the need to make choices arises due to:
scarcity
Globalism
Economic and foreign policy planning on a global basis
Olmec
The first Meso-American civilization.
The First Amendment states:
"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances."
The Third Amendment states:
"No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law." This is best characterized as a response to the Quartering Act of 1774, which required British colonists to provide room and board to British soldiers upon the soldiers' requests.
Which idea was established in the Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?
"Separate but equal" is an unconstitutional idea to implement in legislation.
Marbury v. Madison
(1803) established the principle of judicial review. Although the Constitution does not grant the Supreme Court this power, Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall reasoned that the checks and balances system created by the Constitution required that the Supreme Court be able to void laws deemed unconstitutional. It should be noted that no surviving framer of the Constitution argued against the principle of judicial review; it was generally assumed the Supreme Court would have this power at the ratification of the Constitution.
Dred Scott v. Sandford
(1857), also known as the Dred Scott Decision, ruled that slaves were not U.S. citizens and not protected under the Constitution of the United States. Former slaves were freed by the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865 and granted citizenship under the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868.
John Maynard Keynes
(1882-1946) was a British economist in the first half of the 20th century. He is considered one of the founding fathers of macroeconomics. The driving idea behind many of his theories is that government policies can provide economic stability.
Russian Revolution
A battle over political party power between the socialist movement (Mensheviks) and the elite (Bolsheviks) in Russia
Mayan Native Americans
A civilization known for its advancement in mathematics and writing. Built pyramids.
arid climate
- very dry desert climate (less than 10 inches of rain per year)
Which of the following tribes were located in North America?
-The Cherokee: were located in the southeastern United States. -The Iroquois: were originally located in upstate New York, but eventually were spread throughout the northeastern US and eastern Canada. -The Mohicans: were located in northeastern North America, around the Hudson River.
Vietnam War
1955-1975, United States intervened on the part of the non-communist regime, however, under enormous pressure from home, the United States finally pulled out of the war, allowing the North Vietnamese to easily overcome the stunted South Vietnamese army
Which Amendment repealed the prohibition of alcohol and ended prohibition?
21st Amendment (CAN drink when you're 21)
Pullman Strike
A nationwide railroad strike organized in 1894 by workers of the Pullman company to protest their treatment.
Herbert Hoover's focus on strengthening businesses in response to the Stock Market Crash of 1929 led to which of the following?
A perception that the depression was not as bad as it really was
Middle Ages / Medieval Period
A period in Europe after the Fall of Rome and up to the Fall of Constantinople (476 CE to 1453 CE). Characterized by Kings controlling territories or smaller empires than what Rome had been. Includes the Black Death.
El Niño
A phenomenon in which the surface temperature of the Pacific Ocean near the Equator becomes warmer than normal, which changes weather patterns around the world. One major effect is dry weather in Asia when they would normally be in the monsoon season.
Communism
A political theory and economic system in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs. Vietnam
Fascism
A political theory which posits that democracy is weak and that multiparty capitalism is too materialistic and unfair to the people
Mesoamerica
A region in the Americas extending from central Mexico through parts of Central America prior to Spanish exploration.
Great Society
A series of domestic programs launched by President Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ). Medicare and Medicaid
The New Deal
A series of policies, public work projects, and financial reforms passed by Franklin D. Roosevelt between 1933 and 1936 in an attempt to stimulate the economy Social Security, unemployment benefis, FDIC
Feudalism
A social system in Europe divided by class. Kings allowed the lords to own the land, the knights were warriors, and the peasants/serfs did the work
Nationalism
A strong devotion to one's country, a strong sense of patriotism
Trench Warfare
A style of fighting used in WWI, in which troops lived in thousands of miles of trenchline
Juneteenth is a celebration of what major event?
Abolition of slavery throughout the state of Texas
Three-Fifths Compromise
According to the Constitution, each slave would count as three-fifths of a person, a decision known as the Three-Fifths Compromise. Counting the slaves as members of the population greatly increased the political power of the South by increasing their representation in Congress and in the Electoral College.
Chinese immigrants' modification of the recipes they serve to Americans in their restaurants is an example of:
Acculturation
During the economic dominance of mercantilism, he put forth an economic idea that an "Invisible Hand" directs the economy towards efficiency.
Adam Smith
16th Amendment
Allows the government to collect taxes on income
Which of the following rivers is NOT located in North America?
Amazon River (is located in brazil south america)
Rene Descartes
Developed the theory of deductive reasoning; also called the Father of Modern Philosophy.
Geocentric
Ancient theory of an Earth-centered universe; put forth by Ptolemy.
Age of Faith
Another term for the Middle Ages as a time of Christian outlook and behavior, but also a time of great superstition and little education.
The failed foreign policy taken by the United States and Britain when Germany continued to invade surrounding countries is known as:
Appeasement: foreign policy of pacifying an aggrieved nation, through negotiation in attempt to prevent war.
Legislative Branch
Article 1: Makes laws- Congress->Senate & House of Representatives
Executive Branch
Article 2: Carries out the laws- President & Vice President
Judicial Branch
Article 3: Settles disputes over laws- Supreme Court->Lower federal courts
Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ)
As a Senator in Texas in the 1950s, he spearheaded the NASA Space program in Houston,Texas. He later became President of the United States after the assassination of John F. Kennedy in 1963. Architect of the Great Society programs to combat poverty.
Concentration Camps
Designated restrictive areas used in Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler to imprison those determined by the Nazis to be "racially undesirable," in order to create a racially pure society
Which of the following battles was a surprise attack that ended the Texas Revolution?
Battle of San Jacinto
What of the following was considered the turning point of the American Revolution?
Battle of Saratoga- 1777. In this battle, the British surrendered around 6,000 men. As a result, the French started providing aid to the American patriots.
Which of the following is consistent with the thoughts of James Madison regarding the development of a centralized government and the writing of the Constitution?
Bc of the Constitution, the central govt was now strong enough to properly function, but it was still limited enough to prevent tyranny
Labor Movement
Began because of a need to protect workers.
Eastern Orthodox Church
Began in CE 1054, when the Church of the Eastern Roman Empire split.
Which of the following is known for inventing the process to mass produce steel?
Bessemer- his process allowed locomotive rails to finally be made at a competitive cost, which expanded rail networks after the Civil War
Which of the following documents guarantees citizens of the United States freedom of speech and religion?
Bill of Rights
Transcontinental Railroad
Built between 1863 and 1869 and connected the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
Who was the first European to explore the land of Texas and establish a relationship with Native American tribes in Texas?
Cabeza de Vaca was the first European explorer to explore more than just the coast of Texas. He was a member of the Narvaez expedition, which was shipwrecked in the Gulf and all but four members died. Cabeza explored Texas for many years and became well-known among the tribes as a healer.
The Gulf Stream, which brings warm water from the equatorial region into the Atlantic Ocean, is least likely to affect which region's weather patterns?
California's Coast
Which of the following contributed to the continued spread and power of the Catholic Church long after the fall of Rome? Select all answers that apply.
Charlemagne forced conversion to Christianity when conquering western and central Europe. The Pope offered stability during the transition following the fall of Rome.
Matilda Joslyn Gage
Co-founder, along with Anthony and Stanton, of the National Woman Suffrage Association in 1869.
Prior to the American Revolution, which of the following was true of the government in most colonies?
Colonies had responsibility to rule themselves in day-to-day matters.
Which of the following nomadic Native American tribes utilized European horses in their buffalo hunting and during military activities?
Comanche Indians were known as fierce warriors who mastered the use of horses during battle and while hunting. They were a nomadic tribe that relied mainly on buffalo hunts and foraging for food and sustenance.
Thomas Paine wrote which of the following Revolution-era texts?
Common Sense
Francisco Vasquez De Coronado
Conquistadore who searched for the mythical "Seven Cities of Gold" in 1540. Expedition failed but did pave the way for future European influence in Texas lands.
If the market price of cabbage drops, you can infer that what has happened to cause this change?
Consumers have been buying less cabbage.
Which of the following is considered the beginning of the Scientific Revolution?
Copernicus putting forth the idea that the universe was heliocentric
Which of the following led to the Compromise of 1850?
Desire to diffuse tension between slave states and free states
National Labor Union
Created in 1866, its goal was to improve working conditions through legislative reform instead of through negotiations between workers and employers.
Which of the following documents outlines that all men are created equal and have the right to life?
Declaration of Independence
Spanish Armada
Defeated by the English Navy led by Sir Francis Drake; established England as the leading European naval power
Ronald Reagan
Elected in 1981, giving a strong boost to the conservative movement
Which of the following inventions reduced the cost of agricultural production in the late 19th century?
Eli Whitney's cotton gin
Which canal creates a water route from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean?
Erie Canal (The Erie Canal cuts across New York State, creating a navigable water route from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean (via New York City).
Absolute location
Exact location of a place on the earth described by global coordinates
Which of the following is true of the Texas election system?
Executive positions in the Texas Government are voted on state-wide.
Which of the following best describes a major legacy of World War I in the United States?
Expansive government powers became a regular part of American society
Which of the following was not a major cause for the "Dust Bowl" in Texas and Oklahoma in the 1930s?
Farmers experimented with risky and unreliable irrigation projects.
Caddo
Farming and hunting tribe found in eastern Texas that made permanent structures of wood and mud.
In what ways does farming lead to specific cultural development of a community? Select all answers that apply.
Farming increases food supplies enough to allow families to settle into permanent villages and develop relationships and traditions within their village. Since adequate food production required less farmers, many people were free to dedicate their time elsewhere and develop other skills.
Who invested in the first voyage of Christopher Columbus in 1492?
Ferdinand and Isabella
Someone studying the geography of south and east Asia would focus on the impact and importance of all of the following, except:
Fertile Crescent
Women's Rights Movement
Focused on women's right to vote, own property, retain their earnings, and participate in labor organizations.
Which of the following technical innovations did not help contribute to the development of American industry during the early 19th century?
Ford's assembly line(wasn't until 20th century)
Isaac Newton
Formulated the Laws of Motion and the Law of Universal Gravitation.
In April of 1861, Confederate soldiers officially began the Civil War by attacking:
Fort Sumter
Sarah G. Bagley
Founded the Lowell Female Labor Reform Association in 1844.
Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory from:
France. Bought in 1803 for the price of $15 million or roughly three cents per acre. The purchase doubled the size of the United States overnight. Napoleon sold the land to finance his European warfront. The purchase included almost all the land between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains, with the exception of modern-day Texas.
A United States citizen gathers friends who share her view and host a peaceful protest in front of their state government building. This is an example of exercising her right to:
Freedom of Assembly
A United States citizen writes to her Senator complaining about the potential effects of a new law on her family. This is an example of exercising her right to:
Freedom of petition
A United States citizen disagrees with a recently-passed law. He creates a website where he shows who voted for and against the bill. He then emails it to his friends and family. This is an example of exercising his right to:
Freedom of press
Which of the following rights or freedoms is guaranteed by the First Amendment?
Freedom of speech
Sieur De La Salle
French explorer who founded the first permanent colony in Texas, Fort St. Louis, in 1685
Christopher Columbus
Italian explorer who searched for alternate routes to India by traveling west across the Atlantic on four different trips.
Which of the following geographic factors contributed to Italy's prosperity during the Crusades? Select all answers that apply.
Italy's central location between Europe and the Middle East lead to much of the trade between the two passing through Italy. Italy's geographic access to naval routes provided the ability to establish trade between their ports and Middle Eastern ports.
The religions of Islam, Judaism, and Christianity can all trace their founding to the Middle East. Of the following, which city holds the most historical importance for all three religions?
Jerusalem
Which of the following groups were targets of Nazi genocide during WWII? Select all answers that apply.
Jews; people with disabilities; Polish
Which of the following sets of European explorers were primarily focused on finding a westward route to Asia?
John Cabot, Henry Hudson, and Christopher Columbus
Which philosopher had the greatest impact of American political philosophy, most aptly reflected in the Declaration of Independence?
John Locke
In the first half of the 20th century, who advocated an economic belief that large government spending can stimulate an economy during periods of decline?
John Maynard Keynes
Who is credited with the development of the polio vaccine?
Jonas Salk
William The Conqueror
Leader of the Normans, conquered Great Britain in 1066
Which of the following is not typically a theme of geography?
Legend
Hopi Native Americans
Lived in villages called pueblos in northeastern Arizona. Relied on agriculture. Were known as peaceful people.
The legal precedent that evidence obtained during an unreasonable search or seizure cannot be used in a state criminal case was established in which of the following cases?
Mapp v. Ohio-(1961) ruled that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment--unreasonable search and seizure--could not be used in a state law criminal prosecution.
Which of the following Supreme Court cases established that the Supreme Court had the power to rule laws passed by Congress as unconstitutional?
Marbury v. Madison
Which of the following Supreme Court cases expanded the power of the federal congress?
McCulloch v. Maryland- (1819) ruled that the Constitution grants Congress "implied" powers to fulfill their expressed powers. It also established that states cannot impede the federal government in their exercising of the "implied" or expressed powers.
How did the U.S. annexation of Texas lead to the Mexican-American War?
Mexico did not recognize texas as an independent state
The Civil Rights movement in America in the 1950s and 1960s was advanced through a series of activist-led events. Which of the following is considered a part of the Civil Rights movement?
Montgomery Bus Boycott, Little Rock 9, March on Washington
Which of the following led to an increase in the number of Americans settling in Texas?
Moses Austin secured a empresarial grant In 822, Moses Austin secured an empresarial grant and the "Old Three Hundred" Americans settled Texas.
Which of the following describes a result of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo?
Most of Mexicos northern lands became part of U.S
Which of the following is the greatest result of the Second Industrial Revolution in America?
Movement of goods became cheaper
Which of the following are best defined as rights that are possessed by all individuals, regardless of place, time, or government jurisdiction?
Natural rights- seen as belonging to an individual with no requirement. They are traditionally seen as life, liberty, and property (or the pursuit of happiness).
Central Powers of WWII
Nazi Germany, Japan, Italy
The Tennessee Valley Authority The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation The Works Progress Administration The Civilian Conservation Corps All of the above social programs were enacted as:
New Deal programs
Comanche
Nomadic Native American hunters and gatherers who were fierce warriors and skilled traders, found in the northern Texas grasslands
Karankawa
Not much is known, but believed to be hunters and gatherers in the Central and Gulf regions (Galveston/Corpus Christi) who were the first Native Americans to come into contact with European explorers, and suffered greatly because of this
Which of the following tools do sociologists use to help understand human behavior and understand societal questions? Select all answers that apply.
Observation & measurement
Which of the following statements best describes the role of oral storytelling among families and cultures around the world?
Oral traditions communicate cultural values and practices to others
Which canal creates a water route from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean?
Panama Canal
Salutary Neglect
Parliamentary laws that are not strictly enforced
Alliances
Partnerships or agreements between nations for a common goal, usually militaristic
Australia is the only continent that is also an island. This is an example of which theme of geography?
Place
Place
Place is the determination of characteristics that make an area unique. Australia's unique geographical designation as a continental island is a characteristic that falls under the theme of place.
Which of the following is an example of an event or process caused by internal forces?
Plate tectonics triggering a volcanic eruption
The United States Supreme Court Decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) overturned a precedent set by which previous case?
Plessy vs. Ferguson
The legal doctrine known as "separate but equal" was instituted in which of the following cases?
Plessy vs. Ferguson- (1896) ruled that state laws requiring segregation in public and private sectors were constitutional, creating the test of "separate but equal."
Which of the following limited the success of Reconstruction efforts? Select all answers that apply.
Plessy vs. Ferguson; Jim Crow Laws
Pope Urban II
Pope who called for a Holy Crusade to drive the Muslim Turks away from Constantinople and take back the Holy Land of Jerusalem.
Imperialism
Practice of one country taking over another Great Britain controlling India
The New Deal was most influenced by which political ideology?
Progressivism
Conquistadores
Spanish explorers who searched for and found expansive amounts of gold in the New World.
18th amendment
Ratified in 1917 and established the prohibition of alcohol. (Remember with: you can't drink at 18) Was repealed by the 21st Amendment in 1933
19th Amendment
Ratified in 1920, it gave women the right to vote (known as women's suffrage).
Scientific Revolution
Refers to the advances made in European scientific and mathematical thought based on a new philosophy of experimentation and a belief in progress.
Fugitive Slave Act
Required escaped slaves to be returned to their owners.
Which of the following correctly identifies the body of water that serves as the border between Texas and Mexico?
Rio Grande
Early human settlements, such as those in Mesopotamia, tended to be centered around which of the following?
Rivers
The conservative movement elected its clear leader when which United States President was elected?
Ronald Reagan in 1981
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) / Star Wars
Ronald Reagan's attempted anti-missile system that could stop missiles coming from space
Constantine
Ruler of Rome; adopted Christianity as the official Roman religion
Charlemagne / Charles The Great
Ruler of Western Europe and strived to unite Germanic countries and convert them to Christianity, typically through military force.
Which former governor of Texas also served as the President of the Republic of Texas?
Sam Houston
Which of the following was the primary cause of prehistoric human migration?
Search for suitable water sources
In the United States, which of the following is the most common reason for individuals relocating to different geographical areas?
Searching for better socio-economic opportunities
Acequias
Shared community waterways used to irrigate agriculture in Spanish territories of the New World
A student athlete scores a winning goal during an important game. At school the following day, the popular students invite her to join their table at lunch. This is an example of:
Social mobility
Members of a sports team have shared experiences and values. This is an example of:
Social solidarity
All of the following led to the Civil War with the exception of:
Southern territorial expansion in Mexico
Which of the following hunted and trapped beaver in the lucrative fur trade in North America?
The French, in search of fur, explored the land around the Great Lakes and down the Mississippi River and eventually settled the land.
Which of the following was a response to the Underground Railroad?
The Fugitive Slave Act (passed as part of the Compromise of 1850, required all runaway slaves found in the United States be returned to their owners.)
San Francisco grew from a backwater settlement to a major city of the American West due to which of the following?
The Gold Rush
Which geographic boundary separates India (on the Deccan Plateau) from the rest of the Asia?
The Himalayas
Which of the following branches of government is directly elected?
The House of Representatives (every 2 yrs)
In the United States, all federal tax legislation must originate in which body of government?
The House of representatives
Which of the following pieces of legislation led to the Trail of Tears?
The Indian Removal Act of 1830
What novel is often considered influential in alerting the public to the need for increased regulation during the Progressive Movement of the late 1880s?
The Jungle- In 1906, Upton Sinclair published his novel exposing the horrors of the meat-packing industry, which triggered a massive overhaul of food-safety regulations and a new focus on consumer protection.
The wage gap between Latinas and Latinos is larger than the wage gap between white women and white men. This is can be in part explained by:
The Matrix of Domination
Which of the following encouraged Anglo settlers to migrate to Hispanic Texas?
The Mexican gov't provided land grants to Anglo Settlers
The Texas Declaration of Independence included grievances against Mexico. Which of the following was among the reasons given?
The Mexican government implemented oppressive tariffs.
Which of the following resolved the disagreement between Mexico and the United States regarding the location of the southern border of Texas?
The Mexican-American War (ended with the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, which led to the admittance of the land of California into the Union as a free state without a balancing slave state. This upset the balance of free states and slave states.)
Which of the following was not part of the Compromise of 1850?
The Missouri Compromise
What act ended World War 1?
Treaty of Versailles
Which of the following European powers first settled Manhattan, New York?
The Netherlands (sometimes called Holland or the Dutch) purchased the island of Manhattan from the local Indians and established a trading port in 1613. New York was originally called "New Amsterdam."
Which of the following constitutional amendments allowed for women's suffrage?
The Nineteenth Amendment
Which of the following would have the greatest effect on weather conditions in Colorado?
The Rain Shadow effect
Fascism grew as the central form of government in the 1920s and 1930s in all of the following countries except:
The Soviet Union
Which of the following describes a significant shift in the Texas economy in the early 1900s that still impacts the state today?
The Spindletop oil derrick attracted investors & speculators to Texas
Plessy vs. Ferguson
The Supreme Court ruling in 1896 created the "separate but equal" clause, more or less institutionalizing legal economic and social racism throughout the South until the Civil Rights Era in the 1960s.
Which of the following amendments addresses the federalist structure of the American government?
The Tenth Amendment (protects the powers of states)
Which of the following best describes the importance of the Battle of the Alamo?
The Texas army was reinvigorated and inspired by the bravery of the men who fell at the Battle of the Alamo
Which of the following best describes an example of federalism?
The Texas state legislature sets forth laws regarding taxes on property, while adhering to federal laws regarding taxes on imports.
Which of the following is a reason that the United States emerged as the world industrial leader after World War I?
The U.S had not experienced domestic fighting and destruction as countries in Europe had
Which of the following was caused by the annexation of Texas by the United States?
The United States and Mexico declared war on each other. The Mexican-American War occurred in 1846 due to border disputes between Mexico and the U.S.
What was the effect of World War I on the United States?
The United States emerged as a leading industrial world power.
Which of the following was a strong incentive for the United States to annex the Republic of Texas?
The United States was able to make significant progress towards fulfilling the idea of Manifest Destiny.
Which of the following was referred to as "The Second War of Independence"?
The War of 1812- bc it was also fought against Britain
The Indian Removal Act of 1830 primarily aimed to provide the federal government with which of the following?
The ability to forcibly relocate Native American tribes from their homeland
Heliocentricity
The accepted astronomical model that the sun is at the center of our solar system. The theory was put forth by Copernicus in 1543 and expanded upon by Galileo in 1632.
Arctic
The area north of the Arctic circle
Antarctic
The area south of the Antarctic Circle
Temperate Zones
The areas between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn(23.5 degrees N and S) and the Arctic and Antarctic Circles (66.5 degrees N and S)
Climate
The average weather conditions in an area over a long period of time (average temperature range in the Amazon Rainforest is 64 to 73 degrees Fahrenheit)
Which of the following best describes why European settlers in California chose to settle near the San Francisco Bay area?
The bay was a natural harbor that protected ships
Prime Meridian
The center longitude line, it divides the Earth into the Western and Eastern Hemispheres
Which of the following is true of the Texas Constitution?
The constitution gives only limited powers to the state government.
Which of the following inventions significantly increased the demand for slaves in America?
The cotton gin
Which of the following flags never flew over Texas?
The country of Great Britain never laid claim to the lands in Texas.
Treaty of Versailles
Treaty signed on June 28, 1919, between the Allies and Germany, to end WWI
After the end of World War II, the Japanese Instrument of Surrender, which ended the war in the Pacific, contained which of the following provisions?
The right of the Japanese Emperor to rule became subject to the authority of the Allied Commander.
Suffrage / Franchise
The right to vote in political elections.
Diffusion is best understood as
The spread of culture, ideas, norm
Which of the following is true of the Texas state government?
The state House members serve 2 year terms
Which of the following is true of the Texas state legislature?
The state legislature is responsible for passing a balanced budget.
Columbian Exchange
The transferring of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World and the Americas after Christopher Columbus' arrival.
Which of the following best explains the importance of the Battle of Saratoga?
The victory in Saratoga convinced the French to support the Americans
Which of the following is NOT true of emancipated former slaves after the Civil War?
There was a large, immediate migration of former slaves to northern states.
Which of the following are characteristics of sociological institutions? Select all answers that apply.
They are based on what a particular culture value most; they provide a structure to help govern behavior
Prior to the arrival of Europeans, how did the Inca civilization use its geographical situation to facilitate transportation and defense?
They built well-made roads using wooden, bronze, and stone tools. The Inca Indians built bridges of vines that connected mountainous areas and/or deep gorges. If invaders were coming, the Incas simply set fire to both ends of the long bridges, which trapped the invaders in the middle. They had extensive, well-made roads using only tools made of wood, bronze, or stone.
Which of the following is the best reason why geographers might study Washington, Oregon, Western Idaho, and Montana as one region?
They share common cultural characteristics
Which of the following best summarizes the Progressive movement's response to the working conditions of child laborers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
They sought passage of legislation regulating conditions under which children could work and mandating minimum levels of schooling
Which of the following best describes the impact of the Intolerable Acts?
They spurred the creation of the first Continental Congress
Which of the following is true regarding the Bill of Rights?
They were developed as a compromise between Federalists & Anti-Federalists
The ancient cities of London, Rome, and Alexandria all share what common feature that encouraged settlement and urban growth?
They were served by navigable river systems.
Which amendment abolished slavery in America?
Thirteenth Amendment
Which of the following factors best explains the power of the Catholic Church in the Middle Ages?
Those who disapproved of Church doctrine were excommunicated. during the Middle Ages (5th century to the 14th century) was derived from the power to excommunicate people from the Church. Excommunication meant the person was not a part of the Church, could not take communion, and was eternally damned to hell. The belief that the Church could dictate a person's eternal destiny was a strong power. Furthermore, being excommunicated would result in an ostracism, or expulsion, from society.
Triangular Trade
Trade between the Americas, Europe, and Africa
Which of the following describes how the Crusades led to the Renaissance?
Trade with Asia was stimulated by Crusaders bringing back Asian goods.
A social studies class is learning about the causes of the American Revolution. The teacher asks the students to find three reasons for the Revolution that are outlined in the Declaration of Independence. Based on Bloom's Taxonomy, which of the following is the highest level of thinking required for the assignment?
analysis
Transition Zones
areas which exhibit characteristics similar to multiple regions around it. (U.S-Mexico border)
Anti-Federalists
argued that the extension of national power would lead to the violation of state and individual rights. To resolve this conflict, the Bill of Rights was added.
Rain does not pass north of the Himalayas due to the rain-shadow effect. To the north of the mountains, what type of climate is likely to occur?
arid
As World War II was ending, Japan refused to surrender to the Allied Powers until:
atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Federalists
believed that, with the Constitution, the central government was now strong enough to properly function, but it was still limited enough to prevent tyranny.
In which of the following economic systems are the means of production directly and privately owned by people and operated to make a profit?
capitalism
The majority of democracies operate under the principles of what economic system?
capitalism
In which of the following economic systems is the means of production most directly owned by the public as a whole?
communism
Which of the following economics systems aims to place ownership of the means of production in the hands of the public via the state?
communism (advocates for communal, public ownership of the means of production and an end to social and economic class.)
The legislative branch, a name for the body responsible for drafting all national bills and laws, refers to which of the following?
congress
The Pendleton Civil Service Act was a reaction to which of the following?
corruption in government
Hammurabi's Code
dates to 1740 B.C. The Code of Hammurabi was inscribed onto stone for all to see and it is the first known written set of laws. The laws were to be obeyed, and failure to do so resulted in fines and punishment. These laws greatly influenced legal systems of the Hebrews and later the Romans.
All of the following are economic hardships faced by people all across the world during the Great Depression except:
decreased labor pool
Capitalism
describes a market economy where free individuals use their resources to dictate price, demand, quality, and quantity through the purchasing of products.
Which of the following systems of government was created by the Greeks?
direct democracy
Which of the following best describes the primary goal of the first French explorers of North America?
discover a western sea route to trade with Asia
Which of the following is the primary economic reason for the initial exploration of the Americas by European powers in the 15th and 16th centuries?
discovering a western sea route to trade with China Trade between Asia and Europe was dominated by Italian merchants. Other European nations, especially along the Atlantic coast, wanted to find a direct trade route that eliminated middlemen from trade between their nations and Asia.
The first transcontinental railroad was completed in 1869, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and enabling people and goods to move quickly across the continent. This is best described as an example of innovation's impact on:
distance
Elevation
distance above sea level
Division of The Roman Empire
divided by Diocletian the empire into two halves: East (Latin speaking) and West (Greek speaking); (285 CE)
seperation of powers
dividing the powers of government among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches
The settlers of Jamestown Colony came to the New World seeking ______, while those who came later and settled at Plymouth were in search of ______.
economic prosperity; religious freedom
The rapid population growth seen in the area around Washington D.C. (which grew from small farms to a bustling megalopolis) has made which of the following impacts on the surrounding environment, specifically the Chesapeake Bay?
modification of the chemicals in the water due to the use of fertilizers in intensive farming
The Intolerable Acts
motivated previously hesitant colonists to formally assemble as a means to protest the British government, leading to the formation of the First Continental Congress.
Which of the following geographic features most likely contributed to the lack of cultural consistency and political unity among the Greek city-states?
mountainous terrains of Greece
The Dust Bowl of the 1930s was caused by a combination of prolonged drought followed by high winds, which resulted in loss of vegetation, as much of the topsoil was picked up by the winds and transported out to sea. As a result, millions of farmers left the midwest and moved west. The Dust Bowl was an example of:
natural forces impacting migration
Which of the following is not typically used to measure the likelihood of economic activity in a given region?
number of competing industries
Acculturation
occurs when one culture takes on some of the aspects or cultural traits of another culture. In this example, the Chinese restaurateurs took on traits of American cooking (meat and frying) to create Chinese-American cooking.
GDP
of a nation measures the economic output of a country; it is a monetary value of goods and services produced by a country.
International Date Line
of longitude defines the change of one calendar day to the next
The Battle of Saratoga
often credited as the turning point of the Revolutionary War in favor of the Americans. Due to the victory of America over the British, the French were convinced to recognize the independence of America and to give it military assistance. It is believed that this victory and ensuing French assistance made possible America's future success in the war.
The Native American Removal Act of 1830, which resulted in the resettlement of several tribes to land west of the Mississippi, was for the purpose of:
opening up native american lands in the south to American farmers
Japan and Germany, although being badly damaged in World War II, have since grown to be among the strongest economies in the world. All of the following have attributed to their growth, except:
oversupply of exports from decreased consumerism.
Which of the following is a responsibility of citizenship?
paying taxes
Mrs. Yarbrough wants to demonstrate to her students the difference in the standard of living between citizens of various countries. Which of the following metrics would be most useful to share with the students?
per capita Gross domestic product
The formal name of the United States of America denotes which type of region?
political
Federalism is reflected in which feature of the US Constitution?
powers delegated to the states
Which of the following is the greatest contributing factor to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 4th century?
pressure on the northern frontiers by Germanic tribes and the decline of central authority
As supply increases S^
price decreases and quantity increases P< -The more of a product there is, the less competition among consumers to purchase the product.
Capitalism is best defined by which of the following features?
private ownership of the means of production
Which of the following best describes the reasons for adding the Bill of Rights to the U.S. Constitution?
protecting explicit individual rights from gov't action
Communism is founded on what basic principle?
public ownership of all goods and services- The goal of Communism is to do away with class and government and create an ideal society where all people collectively own all goods and services.
Which of the following industries revolutionized the Texas economy in the second half of the 19th century?
railroads
Which of the following was most influential in drawing large numbers of European immigrants to the United States in the mid-19th century?
readily available land open to settlement
The right to work is a protected economic right and encompasses all of the following except:
receiving a guaranteed income
Functional Regions
region based on shared service or purpose (zip code regions)
The United States Supreme Court decision in the case of Miranda v. Arizona (1966) dealt with civil liberties related to which of the following?
rights of the accused- right to remain silent (miranda rights)
Fugitive Slave Clause
said that even if a slave escaped into the Northwest Territories, the person would be returned to their owner.
In a sixth-grade classroom, two students argue over the use of a single glue stick. Which economic principle does this best provide a teachable moment for?
scarcity
Which of the following increased tensions between American immigrants to Texas and Mexican officials in the late 1820s and early 1830s? Select all answers that apply.
the Mexican government's ban on slavery; custom collections by the Mexican government; increased trade between settlers and the United States
Which of the following clauses of the US Constitution adopted in 1787 addressed how slaves would be accounted for in regards to electoral representation and government taxation?
the Three-Fifth's Compromise
Growing isolationism in the United States during World War I led to which of the following?
the US Senate choosing to reject the Treaty of Versailles
Which of the following is the best example of competitive free-market economy?
the United States
Which singular event is often credited with sparking the beginning of World War I?
the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria on June 28, 1914
The United States did not enter WWII until which of the following events?
the bombing of Pearl Harbor by Japan
Opportunity cost
the concept that the cost of an activity is not the monetary loss a person receives, but rather what their time and efforts could otherwise have been dedicated to. (Bill choosing to not go to movies & dinner bc he needs to save $ for new phone)
Which of the following was the result of Spanish human interaction with the Texas environment during the 18th and early 19th century?
the construction of acequias for missions and presidios
Which of the following can be identified as a world-wide impact of World War II?
the decolonization of Africa and Asia
Which of the following was not one of the motivations for the form of Reconstruction pursued by Radical Republicans after the conclusion of the Civil War?
the desire to impeach President Andrew Johnson: (President Johnson was the first President to be impeached, not because of the Radical Republican Plan, but rather for the firing of Edwin Stanton. Stanton, the Secretary of War, was said to be in violation of the Tenure of Office Act. This occurred after the development of the Radical Republican Plan.)
Which one of the following events was NOT a factor in the development of the national market in the US in the late nineteenth century?
the development of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney (cotton gin was in early 19th c)
Dwight D. Eisenhower is most associated with which of the following?
the development of the interstate highway system
The major issue for the Mexican-American War was:
the disputes over the location of the border between the U.S. and Mexico. After the Texas Revolution of 1836, Texas declared itself independent of Mexico and was recognized as a sovereign country by the United States and several European countries. However, the Mexican government never formally acknowledged Texas's independence. In 1845, the United States annexed Texas into the Union. The annexation upset Mexico because they felt Texas was still a Mexican state. The result of the disagreement was the Mexican-American War in 1846. The end of the war resulted in the Mexican government agreeing that the border between Mexico and the U.S. was the Rio Grande.
Manifest Destiny inspired Americans to migrate westward and settle the land between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean. Which of the following is a major long-term economic effect of this westward expansion by the United States?
the expansion of agriculture and mineral operations in the U.S
Mercantilism,
the idea that a nation's wealth and prosperity can be measured by how much gold it has, was a prevalent thought in the 17th and 18th centuries until Adam Smith published An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations.
Which of the following are results of the Crusades? Select all answers that apply.
the influx of exotic goods from Asia flowing into Europe, wealthy Arab traders, wealthy italian merchants
What action by Adolf Hitler prompted the beginning of World War II?
the invasion of Poland
D-Day
the invasion of the Allied Forces on June 6, 1944, on Normandy's beach, marking the invasion of Europe.
Plate Tectonics
the large-scale movements of portions of the earth's crust over long periods of time
In 1925, the John T. Scopes trial gripped the nation as it embodied the social conflict of the time between traditional values and a push for the loosening of social rules. What was the issue of this landmark case?
the legality of teaching evolution in school (Scopes was found guilty of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which prohibited teachers from denying the Biblical account of mankind's origin. This case is still viewed as a stepping stone to eventually changing the law.)
Orographic Lift
the movement of wind up and over the top of a mountain
Which of the following is represented on the American Flag?
the original 13 colonies (stripes) flags represent the 50 states
Popular sovereignty
the political principle that the source of government power is derived by the consent of the population. The citizens agree to give powers to a government for the betterment of society. The Preamble to the Constitution of the United States reflects the belief in popular sovereignty.
The Third Amendment to the United States Constitution can best be characterized as:
the practice of housing British soldiers in the homes of colonists.
Which is accurate about the electoral process in America?
the president is not directly elected by the people
Which of the following is the correct name for the economic policy that supports stimulating the supply side of the economy through loosening corporate regulations in order to stimulate business profit and therefore investment, labor hiring, and pay?
trickle-down economics
Which of the following is least important to the development and shaping of cultures?
types of accents
Which of the following is a cultural expectation of good citizenship?
volunteering
Which of the following is an aspect of the the American political system that best exemplifies the concept of the consent of the governed?
voting
Which of the following programs was NOT enacted during the New Deal?
welfare benefits
Price controls are most likely to be instituted in which of the following situations?
when a basic good such as wheat is affected by natural disaster to the point of scarcity