Exam 3 chapter 12

Career Construction Theory

Which theory posits that people build careers through their own actions that result from the "interface of their own personal characteristics and the social context"?

sedentary activities like reading and watching television.

While young adults prefer intense physical leisure activities like scuba diving and hang gliding, those in later middle age tend to spend more time in

Stress was a negative predictor of job satisfaction for North American teachers, but a positive predictor of job satisfaction for Korean teachers.

In the study involving North American and Korean teachers, what was the relationship between stress and job satisfaction?

feel they are financially secure.

Individuals usually retire when they

alienation

Joe works on an assembly line where he puts together windshield wiper parts. He is unhappy in his job because he feels it is routine, repetitive, and undervalued. Joe is experiencing

close proximity

Key factors in selecting care for one's children or parents include all of the following except

are willing to do women's traditional chores.

Men are most satisfied with a division of household labor based on equal number of hours spent, whereas women are most satisfied when men

the persons interests change, the occupation was not a good fit, the person lacks certain essential skills and cannot acquire them, (all the above)

Modifying occupational goals happens for many reasons including...

by choice

Most pople retire...

barriers

NOT one of the variables in the four-factor version of Social Cognitive Career Theory?

internships and practicums

Occupational fields such as teaching and nursing have gone to great lengths to try to alleviate reality shock by offering

it allowed them to give back to their local communities.

Older adults in New Zealand reported that they volunteered because

generativity

Playing the role of mentor fulfills which aspect of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

meaning-mission fit

The concept of ___________ describes how executives with better fit between their personal intentions and their firm's mission care more about their employee's happiness, job satisfaction, and emotional well-being.

sex discrimination

A main barrier to women making it to the top of their career is

glass ceiling

A term for the level in a corporation that women may rise to but not go beyond is

16%

About _____ of workplace cases of sexual harassment that result in formal legal charges involve male victims.

58%

About ______ of women in the United States over the age of 16 participate in the work force.

electricians, plumber, and carpenters

According to the U.S. Department of Labor (2013), the job category that includes such occupations as ________ has the lowest participation rates of women.

Little change has been made in the number of women who lead major corporations, serve on their boards, or are company directors.

After decades of attention to the glass ceiling, what have been the results?

they believe they could be successful in the career choice.

Although people may have tendencies that relate to certain types of occupations, they are unlikely to choose those occupations or careers unless

retraining

Around the world, large numbers of employees each year participate in ________ aimed at improving existing skills or adding new job skills.

went up

Between the years 2003 and 2013, the age at which people said they expected to retire

passion

Burnout does not affect all people in a given occupation. Vallerand (2008) proposes that this is related to the types of _____________ one experiences.

have average or high control over their jobs.

Employed mothers have significantly less stress than both employed nonmothers and nonemployed mothers when they

working part time

For an increasing number of people "retirement" includes...

age discrimination

Getting rid of older workers by using retirement incentives is an example of

trust

How can employers avoid alienating workers and improve organizational commitment? Research indicates that _____ is the key.

Mentoring may enable a person to rise to a higher level in his or her own career.

How do mentors benefit from the mentor-mentee relationship?

65-70% of your current income.

How much savings does one need to have in order to be comfortable in retirement? A good rule of thumb is

choice goals

In Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT), what you want to achieve is represented by the factor

re-employment

In a comprehensive study of the effects of unemployment, losing one's job was related to lower mental health, life satisfaction, and subjective physical health. These effects disappeared with

60%

In nearly _______ of two-parent households, both parents work outside the home.

40

In the United States, people over the age of ______ are legally protected against age discrimination.

The less efficacy, the lower the job satisfaction.

In the cross-cultural study comparing Korean and North American teachers, what was the relationship between perceived self-efficacy and job satisfaction?

Millennials are more likely to change jobs than baby boomers.

Is a generational difference in occupational expectations?

introducing the protege to potential mates

Is not a role of mentors?

Women prefer work environments that value independence and self-sufficiency.

Is not true regarding gender and the workplace?

Having a poor mentor is worse than having no mentor

Is true regarding mentors...

there is no universal definition of sexual harassment., men and women have different perceptions, many victims do not report it (all the above)

It is difficult to determine how many people have been sexually harassed because

Asia-Pacific countries

It is estimated that 30-40% of women in ________ experience sexual harassment in the workplace.

burnout

Jackie is a postal worker who processes mail. Jackie perceives a lot of pressure on the job, and the pace is more than she can bear on most days. Jackie is likely to be experiencing

she holds a nontraditional job.

Mary is a construction worker with a larger firm. She really enjoys the hands-on work and the good pay. However, her friends and family do not view her career favorably. This is likely because...

alienation

Megan feels that her work is meaningless and not valued. She is having feelings of

reality shock

Melissa spent 20 years in school to earn an advanced degree. She just started her first job and realized that what she was taught in school is not really the way that the career works. Melissa is experiencing

women

Overall, labor force participation for older adults in developed countries has been increasing most rapidly among

reality shock

Randy just found out that teaching elementary school is a lot more work than he thought. This is an example of

discovering that the real world doesn't work exactly like it says in the book.

Reality shock is...

higher rates of burnout

Research in France and Canada indicates that high rates of Vallerand's obsessive passion leads to

do not differ significantly in their participation in nontraditional careers.

Research on ethnicity, gender, and occupational development finds that women of different ethnic groups

usually attain them

Research shows that most people who know they have the talent and the opportunity to achieve their career goals

Six

Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) has two versions: a four factor and a _____ factor version.

Bandura's

Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) proposes that career choice is a result of the application of _________ social cognitive theory, particularly the concept of self-efficacy.

1935

The Social Security Act was passed in which year?

higher; lower

The _____________ one's education level, the ____________ one's experience of stress immediately after losing one's job.

glass ceiling

The concept of the ________ has been used to explain why African American and Asian American men do not advance as much in their careers as European men.

when there are at least two preschool-age children in the home.

The highest amount of work-family conflict is found

supports and barriers

The more complex version (the six-factor version) of the Social Cognitive Career Theory includes which two additional variables?

create; enter

Today we tend to think of careers as something people _______ rather than something people _______.

obsessive

Vallerand (2008) distinguishes between two types of passion: harmonious and

the type pursued

What aspect of leisure activities remains constant across adulthood?

Those who perceived their jobs were in jeopardy, even if they were not, showed stress levels equal to unemployed people.

What is the relationship between employment status and stress?

There is an overall increase.

What is the relationship between job satisfaction and increasing age?

a sense of meaning

What occupation a person holds appears to have no impact on a person's need to derive ________ from their work.

burnout

When a person loses their occupational idealism and feels like they are being exploited, this is termed

they were surprising accurate

When academically talented high school students were asked about their career expectations and outcomes, it turned out that 10 and even 20 years later...

benefited by having higher expectations

When paired with mentors, women...

No, there remains a wage gap.

When women choose careers in high paying fields such as science, technology, engineering, or mathematics, does that eliminate the wage gap?

whether one was forced to retire or did so voluntarily.

Whether retirement has negative effects on one's health has much to do with

They encourage us to be passive in responding to stressful events.

Which is not one of the ways leisure activities buffer us from stress?

psychological

Which of the following is not a major category of leisure activities?

career plateauing

Which of the following occurs when there is a lack of promotional opportunity in the organization or a person decides not to seek advancement?

education, income, health (all the above)

Which of the following variables is related to the kinds of leisure activities people choose?

Holland

Which person devised a theory in which people choose occupations that optimize the fit between their individual traits and their occupational interests?

All of these are reasons why hiring older workers is a good option for many companies.

Why is there a trend for companies to hire older workers, particularly on a part-time basis?

decreased; increased

Women have _______ the amount of time they spend on housework, and men have __________ the amount of time they spend on such tasks.

glass cliff

Women often encounter a _____ in which their leadership positions are precarious.

viewed more negatively

Women who choose nontraditional occupations and are successful in them are __________ when compared with similarly successful men.

81%

Women's overall median income is approximately ______ that of men's and varies based on ethnicity.

their academic ability

Young adults generally modify their career expectations at least once, usually on the basis of new information about...