Exam 3 Part 3 Anthropology

is possible only when a man is fairly wealthy

Polygyny

Mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome studies of the Maori indicate that their creation myth telling of their origins from the ancient place of Hawaiki is consistent with an origin in

Polynesia and Southeast Asia region

An extended unilineal descent group whose members claim descent from a common ancestor but who cannot trace their genealogical links to that ancestor is called a(n)

clan

In Tibet, a young man lives with his older brother, who is married. The younger brother eventually begins to think about setting up his own tent and taking his share of the yak and fields of grass. One night, his brother's wife gives him her necklace. In Tibetan culture, this is an invitation for him to become her second husband. If he accepts, he will remain with his brother and share the same tent. This type of marriage is called

polyandry

The most preferred form of marriage around the world is

polygyny

All of the following statements about Han genealogy are correct except:

the tsu is a corporate kin group that traces its ancestry back about five generations through the female line

A clan is similar to a lineage except:

clan members are unable to trace exact genealogical links to their common ancestor

A phratry is a unilineal descent group composed of two or more _____ that believe they are related to each other

clans

My mother's brother's son is my

cross cousin

The woman-woman marriage custom found in sub-Saharan Africa is associated with all of the following except:***

***

In which of the following circumstances would you expect to find the custom of bride price?

A bride and groom go to live with the groom's people

When a society proscribes sexual relations among those it considers too closely related, these are rules of

exogamy

Two or more people related by blood, marriage, or adoption are called a(n)

family

Marriage by proxy, such as that which might occur with a prisoner, a dead partner for inheritance reasons, or between those separated by deployment, is called

fictive marriage

The splitting of a descent group into two or more entities is called

fission

A contract in which a woman and man establish a continuing claim to the right of sexual access to one another and in which the woman involved becomes entitled to bear children is also called

marriage

Clans, because they may have members living in many different villages, depend on _____ to provide symbolic identification and promote solidarity

totems

An example of group marriage would be

traditional spouse exchange among the Inupiat Eskimo where adult members have sexual access to each other

All of the following statements about sexual behavior among the Trobrianders is correct except:

when the couple is ready to be married, they appear outside the woman's household

Approximately how many Micmacs are members of the Aroostook band today, according to official criteria?

850

What percentage of known societies has rules regulating that sexual involvement only take place within marriage?

15

The people to whom you are related by marriage are considered what type of kinship?

Affinal

North Americans assume that they are related equally to the relatives on both the mother's and father's side. The group composed of such people to whom these individuals feel that they belong is called what kind of descent group?

BIlateral

In which kinship terminology are ego's "brother" and "sister" distinguished from "cousins" and both father's brother and mother's brother are given the same kinship term, "uncle"?

Eskimo

Through what practice do lineages develop new alliances within the larger social system

Exogamy

What type of family is typically found among traditional horticultural, agricultural, and pastoral societies around the world?

Extended

Which anthropologist worked with the Aroostook band of Micmacs in Maine?

Harald Prins

Among the Hopi, which of the following functions as a landholding corporation, allocating land for the support of member households?

Lineages

What are honor killings?

Murder condoned by the genealogical group in order to retaliate for shame of unapproved sexual activity

Among which group do same-sex marriages provide acceptable positions in society for individuals who might otherwise be marginalized?

Nandi

The Turkish honor killings that van Eck studied were occurring in which country?

Netherlands

Among the Han, brothers and their sons were part of the same household and paternal uncles were like second fathers. What type of descent is this?

Patrilineal

What was the primary purpose of advocacy anthropology among the Micmac?

To help them obtain official tribal recognition

Members of a moiety

belong to one of two major descent groups in a society

Marriage within a particular group of individuals is called

endogamy

A totem is all of the following except

found in all societies that have lineages

The author uses the Nayar of southwest India to illustrate that rules about sexual access can be highly variable. Nayar women

go through stages of sexual access

The French anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss says that the incest taboo is universal because

humans have learned to establish alliances with strangers and thereby share and develop culture

Regarding cousin marriage, which of the following statements is incorrect?

in the U.S., some states have no laws prohibiting marriage between relatives

All of the following are types of descent except

institution

Which of the following is not a Maori cultural concept?

namus

In industrial and postindustrial societies, such as the United States, the most common form of residence after marriage is

neolocal

Families can be consanguine or conjugal. The conjugal family has many forms. One type of conjugal family is the _____, consisting of the husband, wife, and dependent children.

nuclear family

An important source of contacts in trying to arrange an Indian marriage is/are

social clubs

If two people are given the same kinship term, this means that

they occupy a similar family status

When kinship membership is traced either through males or through females but not both, it is called

unilineal

New reproductive technologies are

changing the traditional understandings of kinship

A network of relatives within which individuals possess certain mutual rights and obligations is

kinship

Which of the following statements about the Nayar is correct?

A man must give a Nayar girl gifts three times a year to formalize the sexual relationship

A boy is born into a society that practices matrilineal descent. The person who exercises authority over him is***

...***

A young man of Jewish affiliation moves to New York City to find a job. Seeing no reason to "go it alone," he calls everyone he knows from both his mother's and father's side of the family, and attends various meetings to which he is invited. He is invited to multiple events and gatherings by virtue of his being related to various ancestors on both parents' side. These groups support him when he runs out of money and help him find an apartment and a job. We can say that he is a member of either a bilateral descent group or which of the following?***

...***

Descent groups are associated with all of the following except:***

...***

One area that is most changing the composition of families today is that of***

...***

In the U.S., approximately what percentage of marriages ends in divorce?

40

Since the early 1970s, about how many foreign children have been adopted into U.S. families?

500,000

The Hawaiian system of kinship terminology is usually associated with what type of descent?

Ambilineal

Which of the following characteristics would be most important in an Indian family's selection of a bride for their son?

Character

A family established through marriage is called what type of family?

Conjugal

In the Biocultural Connection box Maori Origins, what was the focus of the research on the Maori people?

Connecting DNA types with the people's origin myths

Because Nayar women live with their dependent offspring and their brothers, they are considered what type of family?

Consanguineal

Among the Yako of Nigeria, an individual might inherit grazing lands from his father's patrilineal group, and livestock and ritual knowledge from his mother's matrilineal group. This is an example of which kind of descent?

Double

In _____ kinship terminology, the term "brother" is given to ego's brother, father's brother's son, and mother's sister's song; a different term is used for the sons of father's sister and mother's brother. "Mother" refers to ego's mother and mother's sister; "father" refers to ego's father and father's brother. Separate terms are used for mother's brother and father's sister.

Iroquois

Detailed census records made in Roman Egypt show that brother-sister marriages among members of the non-royal farming class were common. What light does this shed on the incest taboo?

It demonstrates that despite the human tendency to avoid inbreeding, it occasionally occurs and may even be preferred.

In what country do we find aboriginal Maori people?

New Zealand

Namus is another name for

Turkish honor

You belong to a patrilineal descent group. Which of the following belong(s) to the same group?

Your father's sister

Among Christians in the 17th and 18th centuries in New England, adultery was considered

a serious crime

When the economy is based on _____ and when the man does most of the productive work, the bride's people may give a dowry that protects the woman against desertion. Dowry is also a statement of her economic status.

agriculture

A residence pattern in which a married couple may choose to live in the husband's father's or wife's mother's place of residence is called

ambilocal

The period of time that a groom spends in service to the bride's family as a form of economic exchange for marriage is called

bride service

Under cross-cousin marriage, the sister's son is also the

brother's daughter's husband

In Western societies between A.D. 1000 and 1800, divorce was next to impossible, but few marriages lasted more than about 10 or 20 years, owing to

high death rates

All of the following statements regarding a lineage are correct except:

it always involves a totem

Jane Leek, born and raised in the U.S., decides to hold a family reunion. She invites her siblings, parents, both sets of grandparents, her great-aunts and great-uncles, their children, her aunts, uncles, and their children. This group brought together for a temporary time, with such vague boundaries, is called a(n)

kindred

All of the following are associated with polygyny except:

shows the lower status of men than women in these societies

Although all societies have some kind of incest taboo, the relationship which is considered incestuous may vary. Concepts of incest seem to be related to a group's definitions of endogamy and exogamy, thus suggesting that incest taboos may help to promote:

stability of the family

A positive side effect to restricting sexual behavior is that it may also limit

the spread of sexually-transmitted diseases

Bilateral descent is commonly found among all of the following except:

tribal societies

Matrilineal descent groups are associated with farming societies in which _____ performs most of the labor in the house and gardens

women

If you are a member of a patrilineal descent group

your sisters belong to the same patrilineal descent group that you do