Exam #4
Whereas the sense of taste is based on ________ (how many?) classes of taste receptors, the sense of smell has over ________ (how many?) different receptors for chemicals associated with odor.
5; 1,000
Which of the following disorders is described as follows: damage to motor nerves innervating skeletal muscle; skeletal muscles weaken; death usually results within five years of diagnosis?
A) amytrophic lateral sclerosis
Insufficient production of acetylcholine in the synapses of the brain, abnormal tangled neurons, and large deposits of beta-amyloid are problems associated with which one of the following diseases?
Alzheimer's disease
People who are intoxicated cannot coordinate their movements or walk a straight line because alcohol disrupts the normal function of which region of the brain?
Cerebellum
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is responsible for speech and conscious thought?
Frontal
Which one of the following best explains why humans must constantly breathe in order to stay alive
Oxygen is essential for the production of most of the ATPs required to fuel cell functions
Which one of the following diseases is a progressive degenerative disorder caused by destruction of dopamine- releasing neurons in the brain that coordinate muscle movement?
Parkinson's Disease
________ extend out from the exposed tip of taste cells into the mouth.
Taste hair
All of the following are functions of the myelin sheath EXCEPT which one?
The myelin sheath plays an important role in synaptic transmission.
A stronger stimulus results in which one of the following?
activation of more receptors and initiation of more action potentials
Ventilation refers to the process by which
air moves into and out of the lungs.
Oligodendrocytes are similar to Schwann cells in that they
are a type of neuroglial cell.
All of the following are involved in the regulation of the rate and depth of breathing EXCEPT which one?
bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
Arrange the following entries in the order in which air contacts them as air is drawn into the body. a. trachea b. bronchiole c. pharynx d. alveoli e. larynx
c,e,a,b,d
7) The rate and depth of normal breathing are determined by
carbon dioxide levels in the blood.
A small amount of fluid is contained in the pleural cavity to
function as a lubricant as the lungs move during ventilation.
The respiratory control center is located
in the medulla oblongata.
During exhalation, the pressure inside the lungs
initially is higher than atmospheric pressure, but drops as air leaves the body.
Electrical impulses are transmitted between components of the central nervous system via which one of the following?
interneurons
Short-term memory is associated with the ________, whereas long-term memory is associated with the ________.
limbic system; cerebral cortex
A student noticed that when he closed his eyes, he could still determine the position of his arms and legs. This is largely due to the activity of
mechanoreceptors.
Which one of the following cells transmits impulses away from the central nervous system to the muscles and other organs?
motor neurons
Which one of the following is a symptom of botulism?
paralysis of muscles used for breathing
Somatic receptors distributed throughout the body are linked to sensory neurons that send impulses to which one of the following regions of the brain?
parietal lobe
Which of the following receive(s) a physical or chemical stimulus and ultimately cause(s) nerve impulses to be generated in sensory neurons?
receptors
Which one of the following provides the central nervous system with information about the outside environment?
sensory division
Which of the following receptors are MOST likely to demonstrate receptor adaptation?
stretch receptors in the muscles and tendons
Receptor adaption occurs when
the sensory neuron stops sending action potentials.
Olfactory receptors are located in which one of the following?
upper part of nasal passages
Texting while driving involves which types of driving distractions?
visual, cognitive, and manual
