FDNS Final
Approximately __ adolescents in the US have an elevated cholesterol level.
1 in 4
During the early childhood years, percent body fat reaches a minimum of ___% in females and ___% in males.
16...13
Men and women continue to develop bone density until roughly age ___.
30
Obesity in adults is defined by BMI of ____ or greater.
30
As much as ___% of ideal adult body weight is gained during adolescence.
50
To lose one pound per week, an adult would need to create a negative calorie balance of ____ calories daily.
500
Competitive athletes may require ___ additional calories per day to meet their energy needs.
500-1500
Supplementation with this nutrient has been linked to reduced bone fractures.
Vitamin K
Which of the following are especially needed as supplements in cystic fibrosis?
Vitamins A, D, E, K
Diabetes leads to a 10 fold greater risk of
amputation visual loss neuropathies
A food product that has a physiological benefit or reduces the risk of chronic disease beyond basic nutritional functions is called a(n) ____ food.
functional
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for stroke?
gender
Seizures seem to decrease when brain metabolism is switched from the usual fuel of ___ to ___.
glucose...ketones
Chronic inflammation, which may contribute to atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, cancer and heart failure, is more frequently found in adults with _____ intakes below 50% RDA.
magnesium
In free living adults, ____ was found to be the most important predictor of the total number of physician visits, visits to the emergency room, and hospitalization rates.
nutritional risk status
Early "dieting" by preadolescents may be a risk factor for
obesity
Approximately how many children aged 6-8 years has/have decay in the primary or permanent teeth?
one in two
Nearly ____ of US adults are obese.
one third
School lunches must provide __ of the Dietary Reference Intakes of the age/grade group of children being served for energy, protein and select vitamins and minerals.
one-third
Being overweight or obese increases the risk of pathological conditions in most organs of the body including which of the following?
osteoarthritis infertility some cancers psychological disorders
In cystic fibrosis, ___ are lacking.
pancreatic enzymes
Nutritional products that are purported to enhance performance are known as ergogenic aids and include ____.
protein powders energy gels sports drinks energy bars
Thermic effect of food (TEF) accounts for approximately ____% of energy needs in normal weight people.
10
Based on research findings, it can be reasonably estimated that between ___% of adolescents have engaged in anorexic or bulimic behaviors.
10-20
The average age of menarche is ___ years.
12.5
Data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance (YRBS) show that ___ percent of adolescents had gone for 24 hours or longer without eating (fasting) as a means of losing weight.
13
What percent of the North American population is aged 65 and older?
13
The Census Bureau (2011) has determined that approximately ___% of adult US residents, age 18 to 64, live in poverty.
13.6
In females, as much as ___% of final adult height will be gained during puberty.
15-25
Children with cystic fibrosis may need protein levels at ___ percent of the RDA.
150
Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (2008), for adults aged 18-64, include ____ minutes of moderate intensity activity per week.
150
Each pound of body weight lost during an activity requires ingestion of ___ oz of fluid following the activity to maintain proper hydration.
16
Body composition changes dramatically among females during puberty, with average body fat increases from ___% to ___% at full maturity.
16-26
According to NHANES 2011-2012 approximately ___% of children ages 6-11 are obese.
17.7
The increase in percent body fat in puberty results in ____percent for females and ___percent for males.
19...14
All but one of the following are true about Celiac Disease. Which one is not true?1) Approximately 1 in 141 individuals are diagnosed with celiac disease 1) Approximately 1 in 141 individuals are diagnosed with celiac disease 2) foods with gluten can be consumed again once symptoms subside 3) celiac disease may interfere with growth and learning 4) intestinal biopsies help diagnose celiac disease 5) avoiding gluten for life is the most effective treatment
2
The most variable component of energy expenditure is activity thermogenesis which accounts for ____% of total energy expenditure (in most people).
20-40
The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance (YRBS) data suggests that ___% of teens reported binge drinking.
21
In the new DRIs, it is recommended that children consume no more than __ g of fat per day.
22
Hearing loss begins as early as age ______ (or earlier with exposure to loud music).
25
Snacks account for approximately ___% of daily food energy intake among adolescents.
25
Lunch is skipped by almost ___ of adolescents.
25%
In general, males consume ___ tsp and female teens consume ___ tsp of added sugar per day.
35-26
Average daily dietary fiber recommendations are ___ grams for males and ___ grams for females.
38-25
The current trend of higher body weight and the increasing rate of overweight and obesity through the adult decades is associated with all of the following factors EXCEPT 1) behavioral 2) social 3) environmental 4) innate physiological ability to adjust caloric intake with energy expenditure
4
Adults consume an average of ___ calories per day as beverages, which have less satiety and may not be compensated for with adjustments in food intake.
400
The recommended intake of carbohydrate among teens is ___ % of daily energy needs.
45-65
According to Healthy Eating Index (HEI) data, the average HEI Score for children age 2 to 17 years was ___ out of 100, indicating their diets needed improvement.
49.8
All adolescent females should be screened every ___ year(s) for anemia.
5
The following is needed for healthy bones EXCEPT 1) calcium 2) phosphorous 3) weight-bearing exercise 4) vitamin D 5) all of the above are needed for healthy bones
5
The incidence of attention deficit disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among school age children and adolescents has increased approximately ___ percent per year.
5
The onset and severity of ____ of the ten leading causes of death have risk factors that can be modified through changes in nutrition and physical activity.
5
Which of the following are NOT nutritional remedies that can improve calcium intake and absorption? 1) increase fruit and vegetable intake for their alkalizing effect 2) get adequate vitamin D 3) spread calcium supplements throughout the day 4) avoid excess sodium 5) all of the above are nutritional remedies
5
In Type 2 diabetes, a target weight loss of ___ percent of body weight often has positive effects on insulin resistance, lipid profile, and longer term complications.
5-10
Diseases associated with dementia, a condition of progressive cognitive decline, include 1) Alzheimer's disease 2) alcoholism 3) vascular diseases 4) Parkinson's disease 5) all of the above
5.
Adolescents who report more than ___ minutes of physical activity per day should be carefully assessed for the purpose of excessive exercise.
60
It is recommended that children engage in at least __ minutes of physical activity every day.
60
The largest component of daily energy expenditure, ____% for most adults, is the involuntary process of internal chemical activities that maintain the body.
60-75
Approximately ___% of adults in the US drink alcohol.
61
The average annual growth during the school years is ___ pounds in weight and ___ inch(es) in height.
7...2.5
A reasonable HbA1C goal for healthy adults aged 65 years and older is
7.5
As of 2006, only about ___ percent of middle and junior high schools require daily physical activity for all students.
7.9
Over a decade, daily energy needs decline by ____ calories.
70-100
What percentage of older people (ages 65-74) believe they have good to excellent health?
77
Average life expectancy (at birth) in the US is __ years.
78
According to the NHANES survey, water and other beverages supplied ____% of total water needs of adults.
81
Preadolescence is generally defined as ages __ for girls and ages ___ for boys.
9-11, 10-12
As many as ___ percent of overweight adolescents can be expected to remain overweight into adulthood.
90
By age 18, more than ___ % of adult skeletal mass has been formed.
90
(T/F)Animal studies show that an energy restricted diet that meets micronutrient needs can prolong healthy life.
Animal studies show that an energy restricted diet that meets micronutrient needs can prolong healthy life.
(T/F)Elderly people have a stronger sense of thirst as compared to younger people.
False
Children who have a BMI-for-age percentile of 95th to 98th should slow their rate of gain.(T/F)
False
Statins work by blocking the enzyme _____ which is responsible for making cholesterol in the liver.
HMG-CoA
The largest of all nutrition assistance programs is the ____ .
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
"BMI rebound" is the normal increase in body mass index, which occurs after BMI declines, between 5 and 7 years of age.(T/F)
True
"Pouring rights" are contracts between schools and soft drink companies whereby the school receives a percentage of profits of soft drink sales in exchange for the school offering only that soft-drink company's products on the school campus.(T/F)
True
(T/F)For older adults, extra weight during illness episodes, especially hospitalizations, seems to be protective (for health).
True
(T/F)In general, adequate carbohydrate intake is not a problem in the elderly.
True
(T/F)In general, multivitamin/mineral supplements should be used in physiologic rather than high-potency doses to maintain a balance of vitamins and minerals.
True
(T/F)Moderate amounts of any type of alcohol can be protective against stroke.
True
(T/F)The MyPlate food guide helps adults use the Dietary Guidelines for Americans to find balance between food and physical activity with the goal of finding a nutrient-rich total diet that is culturally appealing.
True
(T/F)There is no segment of the population that can benefit more from exercise than the elderly.
True
(T/F)Vitamin E has anti-inflammatory properties and is involved in maintenance and repair of cellular membranes.
True
By imposing controls and restrictions over a child's intake, parents may actually be promoting the intake of the forbidden or restricted food.(T/F)
True
Eggs, which have high cholesterol content, are a nutrient-dense, convenient and safe food for most people. (T/F)
True
If, over time, height as well as weight-for-height continuously fall within the same percentiles when plotted on gender-appropriate growth charts, it can be assumed that energy needs are being met.(T/F)
True
No evidence connects drinking coffee or tea or other caffeine-containing fluids with dehydration.(T/F)
True
No specific vitamins or minerals are known to correct cerebral palsy. (t/F)
True
Plotting BMI-for-age on the growth charts is the only way to know if a child's BMI is outside the normal range for his/her age.(T/F)
True
Sports drinks, which contain 4 - 8% carbohydrate, are appropriate for some children.(T/F)
True
T/F Hemoglobin and hematocrit level, although commonly used to screen for the presence of iron-deficiency anemia, are actually the last serum indicators of depleted iron stores to drop.
True
T/F Weight status among adolescents should be assessed by calculating body mass index (BMI).
True
Theories about specific foods or nutrients causing ADHD have not been proven scientifically(T/F)
True
Type 1 diabetes is related to immune function and results in virtually no insulin production. (T/F)
True
Plasma levels and liver stores of _____ increase with age.
Vitamin A
Nutrition strategies to normalize blood pressure include the following EXCEPT
adequate chromium intake
Obesity and overweight are high for all segments of the population, but vary across ______.
age gender race income categories
More frequent family meals are associated with an improvement of all of the following except which one?
alcohol consumption
Many of the elderly may be unable to utilize vitamin B12 due to existing
atrophic gastritis
For persons with extreme obesity (BMI >/= 40), which is the most effective therapy for weight management?
bariatric surgery
Bulimia nervosa is characterized by
binge eating and purging weight maintenance weight fluctuations
The lowest prevalence of smoking has been reported in
black females
Which of the following is a more important indicator of health than BMI?
body fat distribution
Hormone replacement can effectively increase _____ in postmenopausal women.
bone mineral density
Children with galactosemia may need to be supplemented with
calcium
National data suggest that many adolescents, most notably females, do not consume the DRI for ____
calcium
Vegans often need a supplement of ____ if fortified foods are not routinely consumed.
calcium iron zinc Vitamin B 12
The three nutrition-related diseases that are the highest contributors to premature death among adults are ____.
cancer cardiovascular diseases diabetes
Menopause is associated with an increased risk of
cardiovascular disease
Low calcium intakes have been linked to
colon cancer, overweight, hypertension
The most readily available source of energy during athletic events is/are
complex carbohydrates
Nutritional concerns in ADHD include medication side effects that
decrease appitite
The 2013 AHA/ACC Guideline on Lifestyle Management to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk include all but the following dietary recommendations
decrease cholesterol containing foods
Age related metabolic changes affect vitamin D status, primarily due to
decreased ability of the skin to synthesize vitamin
Since the first Healthy People 2000 report was generated in 1979, which of the following has NOT declined?
diabetes
Screen time, especially television viewing, can negatively affect weight in children and adolescents by...
displaces physical activity disrupts healthy sleeping patterns increases dietary intake decreases fruit and vegetable intake
Overweight children usually experience sexual maturity at a(n) ___ age than their non-overweight peers.
earlier
Teens who consume a vegetarian diet should be carefully assessed for what?
eating disorders and body image dismorphias
Calcium intakes among adolescents are highly correlated with ____ intakes.
energy (calories)
Obesity is associated with high levels of ____ in men and women.
estrogen
Which of the following components are included when assessing pediatric overweight and obesity?
family's attitude toward behavior change, childs medical risk, BMI-for-age percentile
According to national intake data, older adults are NOT consuming enough of the following nutrient(s).
fat soluble vitamins (A, E, D and K)
Which of the following may have a protective effect on tooth enamel?
fats and proteins
School age children need to have a ___ supply, either through the water supply or through supplementation.
fluoride
When "carb counting", the food group(s) that contain(s) the greatest amount of carbohydrate per serving is/are
fruit and grains
The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, or DASH diet, is useful in decreasing blood pressure and stroke, and is especially high in
fruits and vegatables
Vitamin D adequacy should be assessed for all adolescents of high risk groups, particularly those who
have limited sun exposure are lactose intolerant have darkly pigmented skin
Children with phenylketonuria (PKU) need to avoid
high protein foods
An amino acid that is associated with the promotion of poor vascular health and cognitive decline is
homocysteine
Leading practices that put and older person at risk for food borne illness are
improper holding temperature of foods poor personal hygiene contaminated food preparation equipment inadequate cooking time
Around age 40, men and women begin to gradually lose bone mass. The risk of developing osteopenia and osteoporosis depends on peak bone mass achieved _________.
in the late twenties
Anabolic-androgenic steroids are controlled substances used to increase lean body mass and have been linked to
infertility physeal closure
Which of the following is the most common nutritional deficiency noted among children and adolescents?
iron
Women's _____ needs decrease after menopause
iron
Gastrostomy feeding may be required in children with
kidney diseases some cancers severe forms of cerebral palsy severe forms of cystic fibrosis
Risk factors for the development of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents include:
low socioeconomic status inadequate physical activity having at least one overweight or obese parent being American Indian
Caloric and protein needs are ___ on a body weight basis in childhood than during the preadolescent, toddler or preschool years.
lower
The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth found the most significant predictor of childhood obesity to be
maternal obesity
Title IIIC of the Older Americans Act provides the following nutrition and community services except
medications
Persons with HIV have high rates of
metabolic syndrome heart disease type 2 diabetes
Losses of fat-free mass leave older people with lower _____ reserves to call upon when needed.
mineral, muscle,water
Of all physiologic changes that do occur during aging, the biggest effect on nutritional status is due to the shifts in the ___ system.
musculoskeletal
Children with PKU must avoid artificial sweeteners containing
phenylalanine
The increase in the prevalence of overweight in children over the years seems to be due to
physical inactivity
The Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes recommended by the National Cholesterol Education Program includes the following EXCEPT:
polyunsaturated fatty acids should not contribute more than 20% of calories
Diabetics who have chronic kidney disease need to limit ____ intake.
protein
Older adults with diabetes may have an increased risk of falling due to
reduced peripheral nerve function reduced renal function reduced vision
Anorexia nervosa is characterized by
self-starvation and strong fears of being fat
Which of the following should be used to assess biological growth and development of an adolescent?
sexual maturation and biological age
Signs of dehydration include all of the following
speech difficulty confusion sunken appearance of eyes muscle weakness (upper-body)
Adequate folate levels prior to pregnancy may reduce the incidence of
spina bifida and down syndrome
Data from the 2009-2010 NHANES survey shows that intakes of which nutrients exceeded recommendations?
sugar, sodium
High protein diets should be discouraged among athletes because
they may contain high levels of total fat and saturated fat they may delay digestion and absorption they may increase risk of dehydration
National guidelines for the treatment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity recommend a staged care process based on BMI, co-morbid conditions, age and motivation.(T/F)
true
For severely obese adolescents (Stage 4), as well as those with significant medical complications, the following may be recommended:
use of very low-energy diets medication bariatric surgery
Cigarette smoking increases the need for
vitamin C
Which nutrient is a potent antioxidant that can enhance immune function and cognitive status, but at higher doses may increase mortality.
vitamin E
Decreased calcium bioavailability can be due to low _____ intake.
vitamin d
Deficiency of which nutrient is highly prevalent, present in approximately 50% of the general population?
vitamin d
The greatest dietary improvement in the older adult population would be to eat more
whole grains