FIN CH 10
If you receive a $2 dividend per share on your 100 shares, your total dividend income is ______.
$2 × 100
In 2008, the S&P 500 plunged ______.
37%
The variance and its square root, the ___ ___, are the most commonly used measures of volatility.
Blank 1: standard Blank 2: deviation
True or false: A capital gain on a stock is counted as part of the total return whether or not the gain is realized from selling the stock.
True
What will the dividend income be on W number of shares of XYZ stock if XYZ distributes a $Y per share dividend?
W × $Y
Which type of stock price adjustment time path occurs when there is a bubble (price run up) in the path followed by a decline after the market receives information about the stock?
overreaction and correction
If a study of past stock prices and volume to find mispriced securities will not lead to gains in the market, then the market must be at least ______ efficient.
weak form
The efficient markets hypothesis contends that ______ capital markets such as the NYSE are efficient.
well-organized
Treasury Bills yielded a nominal average return over 86 years of 3.5% versus an average inflation rate of 3.0% over the same period. This makes the real return on T-bills approximately equal to _____.
0.5%
Arrange the following investments starting from the lowest historical risk premium and ending with the highest historical risk premium.
1. US treasury bills 2.long-term corporate bonds 3. large-company stocks 4. small-company stocks
Arrange the following investments from highest to lowest risk (standard deviation) based on what our study of capital market history from 1926 to 2014 has revealed as shown in Table 10.3.
1. small-company common stock 2. large-company common stocks 3.long-term corporate bonds 4. long-term government bonds 5. US treasury bonds
A dividend yield of 10 percent says that, for each dollar we invest, we get ___ cents in dividends.
10 or ten
The arithmetic mean for large-company stock returns from 1926 to 2017 is:
12.1%
The standard deviation for large-company stock returns from 1926 to 2017 is:
19.8%
The probability of an outcome being at least 2 standard deviations below the mean in a normal distribution is approximately:
2.5%
Roger Ibbotson and Rex Sinquefield presented year-to-year historical rates of return on ___ types of financial investments. (Enter only one word per blank.)
5 or five
The probability of a return being within ± one standard deviation of the mean in a normal distribution is approximately ___ percent.
68
From 1900 to 2010, the average stock market risk premium of the United States was ______.
7.2%
With a normal distribution, the probability that we end up within two standard deviations is about ___ percent.
95
______ were a bright spot for U.S. investors during 2008.
Bonds
True or false: Arithmetic and geometric averages are useful because they are not influenced by volatility.
False
True or false: The capital gains yield = (Pt+1 − Pt)/Dt.
False
True or false: The dividend yield minus the capital gains yield is the total return percentage.
False
True or false: The geometric average rate of return measures the return in an average year over a given period.
False
True or false: The smaller the variance or standard deviation is, the more spread out the returns will be.
False
The Ibbotson-Sinquefield data show that ______.
U.S. T-bills had the lowest risk or variability long-term corporate bonds had less risk or variability than stocks
More volatility in returns produces ______ difference between the arithmetic and geometric averages.
a larger
Match each information type to the form of market efficiency that identifies that type of information as being quickly and accurately reflected in stock prices.
all information-strong form efficiency all public information-semistrong form efficiency historical stock prices-weak form efficiency
In an efficient market ______ investments have a ______ NPV.
all; zero
If the market changes and stock prices instantly and fully reflect new information, which time path does such a change exhibit?
an efficient market reaction
A positive capital gain on a stock results from ______.
an increase in price
To compute the ___ return, the yearly returns are summed and then divided by the number of returns.
average
The dividend yield for a one-year period is equal to the annual dividend amount divided by the ______.
beginning stock price
The percentage change in the price of a stock over a period of time is called its ______.
capital gain yield
The total dollar return is the sum of dividends and ______.
capital gains or losses
When a company declares a dividend, shareholders generally receive ______.
cash
The average return on the stock market can be used to ______.
compare stock returns with the returns on other securities
The geometric average return is the average ___ return earned per year over a multiyear period.
compound
The geometric rate of return takes ______ into account.
compounding
The ___ price index is a commonly used measure of inflation.
consumer
The two potential ways to make money as a stockholder are through _______ and capital appreciation.
dividends
Which of the following are ways to make money by investing in stocks?
dividends capital gains
The total dollar return on a stock is the sum of the ______ and the ______.
dividends; capital gains
The ______ rate of return is the difference between the rate of return on a risky asset and the risk-free rate of return.
excess
In an efficient market, firms should expect to receive ______ value for securities they sell.
fair
n 2008, the prices on long-term U.S. Treasury bonds ______.
gained 40%
The second lesson from studying capital market history is that risk is ______.
handsomely rewarded
The risk-return relationship states that a riskier investment should demand a ______ return.
higher
An efficient market is one in which any change in available information will be reflected in the company's stock price ______.
immediately
Dividends are the ______ component of the total return from investing in a stock.
income
An efficient market is one that fully reflects all available ______.
information
Stock prices fluctuate from day to day because of ______.
information flow
The capital gains yield can be found by finding the difference between the ending stock price and the initial stock price and dividing it by the ______.
initial stock price
If the dispersion of returns on a particular security is very spread out from the security's mean return, the security ______.
is highly risky
The second lesson from studying capital market history states that the ______ the potential reward, the ______ the risk.
lower; lower greater; greater
In the Ibbotson-Sinquefield studies, U.S. Treasury bill data is based on T-bills with a maturity of ______ month(s).
one
The year 2008 was ______.
one of the worst years for stock market investors in U.S. history
If you use an arithmetic average to project long-run wealth levels, your results will most likely be ______.
optimistic
If you use a geometric average to project short-run wealth levels, your results will most likely be ______.
pessimistic
The risk ___ can be interpreted as the reward for bearing risk.
premium
Historically, the real return on Treasury bills has been ______.
quite low
The arithmetic average rate of return measures the ______.
return in an average year over a given period
The excess return is the difference between the rate of return on a risky asset and the ______ rate.
risk-free
If a study of a firm's financial information will not lead to gains in the market, then the market must be at least ______ efficient.
semistrong form
Using capital market history as a guide, it would appear the greatest reward would come from investing in ______.
small-company common stock
Geometric averages are usually ______ arithmetic averages.
smaller than
The standard deviation is the ______ of the variance.
square root
Which of the following are needed to describe the distribution of stock returns?
the standard deviation of returns the mean return
Average returns can be calculated ______.
two different ways
The square of the standard deviation is equal to the ______.
variance
The normal distribution is completely described by the ______ and ______.
variance or standard deviation mean
Bonds used in Ibbotson SBBI long-term U.S. government bond portfolio had maturities of ______ years.
20
If the arithmetic average return is 10% and the variance of returns is .05, find the approximate geometric mean.
7.5%
True or false: Because T-bills have low risk relative to common stocks, T-bills cannot outperform common stocks.
False
True or false: From 1900 to 2010, the average stock market risk premium of the United States was the highest of all countries.
False
True or false: In the Ibbotson-Sinquefield studies, U.S. Treasury bill data is based on T-bills with a maturity of one year.
False
True or false: Long-term U.S. government bonds used in the Ibbotson-Sinquefield studies had 15 years to maturity.
False
True or false: Percentage returns are difficult to use for comparisons because they depend on the dollar amount invested.
False
True or false: The average return of a given period is typically not a good estimate of the returns over that same period.
False
True or false: To get the average return, the yearly returns are summed and then multiplied by the number of returns.
False
Which of the following are true based on the year-to-year returns from 1926-2014?
T-bills sometimes outperform common stocks. Common stocks frequently experience negative returns.
The Ibbotson SBBI data show that over the long-term, ______.
T-bills, which had the lowest risk, generated the lowest return small-company stocks generated the highest average return small-company stocks had the highest risk level
True or false: A capital loss is the same thing as a negative capital gain.
True
True or false: Roger Ibbotson and Rex Sinquefield conducted a famous set of studies dealing with rates of return in U.S. financial markets.
True
True or false: The dividend yield = Dt+1/Pt
True
True or false: The normal distribution is completely described by the average and standard deviation.
True
True or false: The risk premium can be interpreted as a reward for bearing risk.
True
Percentage returns are more convenient than dollar returns because they ______.
apply to any amount invested allow comparison against other investments
Historically, there is a(n) ______ relationship between risk and expected return in the financial markets.
direct
The total return percentage is the ___ yield plus the capital gains yield.
dividend
An unrealized gain is treated the same as a realized gain when computing the total ___. (Enter only one word per blank.)
return
Some important characteristics of the normal distribution are that it is ______.
symmetrical bell-shaped
Two ways of calculating average returns are ______ and ______.
the arithmetic average the geometric average
The geometric average rate of return is approximately equal to ______.
the arithmetic mean minus half of the variance
Which of the following is commonly used to measure inflation?
the consumer price index (CPI)
Studying market history can reward us by demonstrating that ______.
the greater the potential reward is, the greater the risk there is a reward for bearing risk
