Fitness for Life Chapter 1

In what year did the ACA become law?

2010

According to the 2018 American College Health Association survey, approximately what percentage of students reported using e-cigarettes?

9%

The number of deaths due to alcohol, including alcohol poisoning as well as alcohol-related deaths from liver cancer and accidents is estimated at _____ annually.

90,000

Which of the following is an example of how social support can positively affect behavior change?

A friend commits to exercising with you five days a week.

Which of the following are true of the maintenance stage of the transtheoretical model?

A person in this stage is typically able to quickly resume the new, desired behavior after any lapses.

Which of the following would be an example of an external locus of control?

A woman who doesn't bother with screening tests because she believes she is destined to get breast cancer

A target behavior is a behavior that a person

Already exhibits and is trying to change

Irene wants to quit smoking, but her coworkers all smoke, and they do not believe she can quit. Which of the following can she do to help herself succeed?

Find a supportive social group of nonsmokers. Plan on ways to decline when coworkers ask her to go out and smoke with them. Find other ways to fill the time she used to spend smoking.

The overall condition of body or mind and the presence or absence of illness and injury is called

Health

Which of the following is the definition of health in contrast to the definition of wellness?

Health is the overall condition of a person's body and mind together with the absence of illness or injury.

Which of the following is the best example of a SMART goal?

I want to work out three times a week for 45 minutes for the next six weeks.

Your friend is trying to quit smoking. Which of the following is an example of how you can provide social support as she undertakes this behavior change?

If she's tempted to have a cigarette, distract her by asking her to join you in a healthy behavior.

Which of the following are benefits of physical activity?

It helps build strength to do everyday tasks. It helps protect against chronic diseases. It lowers the risk of premature death.

Which of the following statements are true about a positive behavior change?

It helps individuals move in the direction of wellness. It is generally difficult at first.

Which of the following are true of the social aspects associated with behavior changes?

It is important to surround yourself with people who support your changes. You can become a role model for others.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Affordable Care Act?

It remains in effect, but some provisions have been altered.

Which of the following statements regarding interpersonal wellness are correct?

It requires participating in your community and society. It is also known as social wellness. It is important to physical and emotional health.

Students whose income is below a certain level may qualify for

Medicaid.

Which of the following statements about ACA plans is true?

Members of certain associations may also be able to purchase insurance through membership in a professional group.

Which of the following are true of spiritual wellness?

People use it to focus on the positive aspects of life. Many people find meaning in their lives through nature or art.

Which of the following are true of people who are occupationally well?

They feel connected to the people they work with. They truly enjoy their work. They take advantage of opportunities to learn and be challenged.

Which of the following are typical of persons in the precontemplation stage of the transtheoretical model for change?

They think they do not have a problem behavior. They blame others for problems they experience. They are unaware of the risks associated with a behavior they have.

Larissa is attempting to change her eating habits, but she has major dental work scheduled and feels too stressed to focus on her new diet. Which of the following solutions best fits her situation?

This stress is temporary, so she should wait until her dental work is completed before strengthening her commitment to her diet.

Many people engage in unhealthy behaviors, such as drinking or smoking too much, in order to cope with stress. (T/F)

True

Which of the following are ways to build self-efficacy?

Use visualization and self-talk. Develop an internal locus of control.

Which of the following takes place during the action stage of the transtheoretical model?

You change your behavior and your surroundings to pursue your goal.

Which of the following would be an example of how lifestyle factors make a genetic predisposition for a disease worse?

a person born with asthma who smokes

When using behavior change to manage and improve your lifestyle, it is best to start with a single behavior that you want to change, known as

a target behavior

Which of the following are descriptive of the contemplation stage of the transtheoretical model?

acknowledging the benefits of behavior change planning to take action to change behavior within six months

To be truly well, humans must be

active

A lifestyle management process that involves cultivating healthy lifestyle habits and working to overcome unhealthy ones is known as ______ change.

behavior

The role of stress in maintaining behavior change

can be so great that managing stress might be the best way to help change.

Young, healthy people may prefer to buy a _____________________ health plan that has low premiums but will require them to pay all medical costs up to a certain amount, usually several thousand dollars.

catastrophic

Which of the following belong to the action stage of the stages of change model?

changing your behavior beginning to avoid triggers for unhealthy behavior

During which stage of the transtheoretical model does a person realize she has a problem and begin to consider ways to change to her behavior?

contemplation

Which of the following are qualities and behaviors closely associated with the interpersonal (social) dimension of wellness?

contributing to your community a healthy social support system satisfying relationships

Life expectancy has risen in recent years largely due to

development of vaccines and medications like antibiotics.

Which of the following are aspects of emotional wellness?

finding solutions to emotional problems understanding and dealing with your feelings

When you put your behavior change plan into action, you should

get as much support as possible from supportive people. remember that you are in control of the behavior change.

Under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), _____ facilitate the purchase of health insurance at the state level.

health exchanges

Regular physical activity protects against which of the following potentially deadly diseases?

heart disease type 2 diabetes respiratory disease

What are the leading causes of death for Americans today?

heart disease and cancer

An internal locus of control can help people manage their lifestyles by

helping people stay motivated and committed to goals.

When did today's obesity epidemic—which may be linked to a recent increase in deaths from heart disease, stroke, and diabetes—begin?

in the 1970s

People who believe that they are in control of their own lives are said to have a locus of control that is

internal

Factors that contribute to emotional wellness are primarily

internal and relate to thoughts and feelings.

An important aspect of the nine dimensions of wellness is that they are

interrelated

Which of the following are recommended strategies for dealing with a relapse?

learning from your mistake forgiving yourself congratulating yourself on the progress you have made

A conscious behavior that can increase or decrease a person's risk of disease or injury is a

lifestyle choice

What is the technical term used to refer to the figurative "place" people designate as the source of responsibility for the events in their lives?

locus of control

Smoking is linked to the most common cause of cancer death in the United States, cancer of the

lungs

People who have maintained a healthy behavior for at least six months are in the ______ stage of behavior change.

maintenance

People can increase their overall level of wellness by

making positive lifestyle choices

People with financial wellness tend to

manage their money well.

The level of happiness and fulfillment you gain through your professional work is known as ______ wellness.

occupational

Which of the following are examples of qualities and behaviors associated with emotional wellness?

optimism self acceptance monitoring your reactions

Breast cancer can run in families, but it is also associated with which of the following?

overweight a sedentary lifestyle

Your fitness level is part of your ______ wellness.

physical

The specific physical attributes that allow the body to respond or adapt to the demands of physical effort constitute

physical fitness

the nine dimensions of wellness

physical, emotional, intellectual, interpersonal, cultural, spiritual, environmental, financial, occupational

Which of the following are examples of infectious diseases?

pneumonia tuberculosis

At which stage of change do people believe that there are better reasons not to change than there are to make a change?

precontemplation

Telling yourself, "I should just wait and start my new exercise plan on Monday," would be an example of

procrastinating.

Continuing to put off the date you will stop smoking is an example of

procrastination.

Miranda did not work on her term paper because she told herself she had to take advantage of the nice weather and go outside for a walk instead. She was

rationalizing.

Telling yourself, "I wanted to go to the gym today, but it was more important to get ready for the party this weekend" would be an example of

rationalizing.

One important thing to do while you are putting your plan into action is to

reward yourself for your achievements.

People can attain financial wellness by

saving their money.

Your belief in your ability to take action successfully in order to perform a specific task is called

self-efficacy.

Which of the following are linked to short-term inappropriate stress management?

sleep disturbances fatigue

When attempting behavior change, people often cycle back through earlier stages, but are farther along each time they renew their commitment. This model can be conceptualized as a

spiral

To possess a set of guiding beliefs, principles, or values that give meaning and purpose to your life is to enjoy ______ wellness.

spiritual

According to the Spring 2018 American College Health Association National College Healthy Assessment II, which of the following was the most reported factor affecting academic performance?

stress

What is the final possible stage in the transtheoretical model, in which a person is no longer tempted to lapse back into old behaviors?

termination

Which stage of change have people reached if they have complete self-efficacy with regard to their target behavior?

termination

Matt wants to begin jogging three miles a day. He decides to create a plan for change and to formalize the plan by using a personal contract. Which of the following should be part of such a contract?

the signature of a friend to witness it the date he expects to first be able to jog three miles the date he will begin training

What should a personal contract for behavior change contain?

the steps that will be taken to achieve change the start date strategies to promote change

SMART stands for specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and

time-frame specific.

After drinking heavily with friends, Rich suffered a concussion when he slipped on ice and hit his head. Which of the following best describes the type of injury that happened to him?

unintentional

For Americans aged 15 to 24, what is the leading cause of death?

unintentional injuries

Which of the following are part of physical wellness?

your ability to care for your body your body's overall condition