Flammable and Hazardous Materials (Section 1400)

What are three special hazards associated with cryogenic materials?

1. Some are still flammable (hydrogen and methane) -Oxygen supports combustion -Liquid Fluorine is reactive and tovic 2. Tremendous liquid to vapor ratio 3. Extreme cold

When dealing with a gas, it is valuable to know what 4 things about the gas?

1. The volume of a gas 2. The temperature of a gas 3. Its pressure 4. Its amount

An ATE has how many more oxygen atoms than an ITE?

ATE has one more oxygen atom than an ITE such as: Sodium Nitrate

How do different gases mix?

Different gases mix completely, they will flow and mix together

One method of liquefying gas is to do what?

Cool it below its boiling point

The pressure required to liquefy gas at its critical temperature is called its what?

Critical Pressure Example: Critical temp of water is 705.2 degrees (374 degrees C) -At this temp no amount of pressure will liquefy water vapor

What chemical suffixes refer to groups that contain oxygen?

ITE and ATE

What is the temperature range of a cryogenic container?

-150 degrees to -460 degrees

What is the definition of Flammable liquids?

-A liquid with a flash point below 100 degrees F (38 degrees C) AND -A vapor pressure not exceeding 40psi at this temperature

What is the definition of Plastics?

-A plastic is a material that becomes moldable at least once because of chemical treatment, heat, or pressure -This subsequently hardens it into a new shape

What is the definiton of Flash point?

-The minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapors to form an ignitable mixture with the air near the surface. -At this temperature, the ignited vapors will flash but won't continue to burn

What 3 things can increase gas pressure?

1. Decreasing the container volume (Halving the container volume, doubles the gas pressure) 2. Increasing the amount of gas in the cylinder 3. Heating the gas

The following 9 gases are lighter than air: (HAHA-IC-MEN) what are they?

1. Helium 2. Acetylene 3. Hydrogen 4. Ammonia 5. Methane (Natural gas) 6. Illuminating gas ( Mixture of Ethane and Methane) 7. Carbon Monoxide 8. Ethylene 9. Nitrogen

What are the definitions of the three forms of material: -Solid -Liquid -Gas

1. Solid: Having definite volume and shape 2. Liquid: Having definite volume, taking the shape of the container holding it 3. Gas: Neither having definite shape or volume; must be contained on all sides

Hydrogen peroxide is an example of an oxidxing agent that can decompose into what?

A shock sensitive explosive.

At 212 degrees (100 C) the only pressure needed to liquefy water vapor is what?

Atmospheric pressure which is 14.7psi

Flash point is the primary measuring tool of flammability hazard for authorities that deal with what?

Authorities that deal with storage, use, and transportation of flammable liquids.

Flash point only applies to liquids, with the exception of what two solids?

Camphor and Naphthalene which produce flammable vapors

Certain gases and vapors form flammable mixtures in atmospheres other than what?

Certain gasses form flammable mixtures in atmospheres other than Air or Oxygen

In some cases plastics burn faster than materials?

Faster than wood or paper.

What should never be stored in the same area as oxidizing agents?

Flammable materials

Flammable gases have no __________________

Flash point

The ignition temperature of a liquid has no relationship to its _________________

Flash point

Flash point only applies to what?

Flash point only applies to liquids

Flash points can vary based on what?

Flash points can vary based on pressure or oxygen content of the atmosphere

What is the defintion of Pressurized Gases?

Gases that will expand indefinitely upon heating if you let them, and contract upon cooling These gases are completely elastic, will fill any container, and will usually not settle in it

All flammable liquids, solids, and gases have an ___________________

Ignition Temperature

Ignition temperatures change quickly based on what?

Ignition temperatures quickly change with conditions: Examples: Humidity, Atmospheric pressure etc.

Most substances have what kind of flammable range/limit?

Most substances have an upper (Too rich) and a lower (Too lean) flammable limit Example: -Gasoline vapor in air below 1.4% is too lean to burn -Gasoline vapor in air above 7.6% is too rich to burn everything in-between is the flammable range

A cryogenic container can hold many times more gas than a:

Pressurized cylinder of the same size

What are some oxidizing agents liable to do? Causing them to create toxic materials

Some oxidizing agents decompose causing them to create toxic materials

What happens when water is applied to oxidizing agents?

Steam explosions can occur

What is the definition of an Oxidizing agent?

Substances containing oxygen that can be released. Theyre extremely dangerous Theres a fine line between an oxidizing agent and an explosive.

The flammable range can differ based on what factors?

Temperature Atmospheric Pressure Other factors

What are the dangers that lie in plastics? (3 of them)

The danger lies in the 1. toxicity of their smoke 2. methods of burning 3. the amount used in modern society

What is the definition of Ignition Temperature?

The minimum temperature at which a fuel in air must be heated in order to start a self-sustained combustion INDEPENDENT of the heating source

What is the definition of Flammable Range?

The percentage of a substance in air that will burn once it is ignited.

Pound-for-pound the heat released (BTUs) from plastics is how much more than wood or paper?

Three times more than wood or paper

What is the definition of critical temperature?

The temperature above which it is impossible to liquefy gas by pressure alone

Other oxidizing agents can melt which creates what?

a liquid that ignites materials as it flows around