Growth and Development Nclex-style questions

The school nurse is assessing a 16-year-old girl who was removed from class because of disruptive behavior. She arrives in the nurse's office with dilated pupils and is talking rapidly. Which drug might she be using?

amphetamines Rationale: Amphetamine use manifests as euphoria with rapid talking and dilated pupils. Signs of opiate use are drowsiness and constricted pupils. Barbiturates typically cause a sense of euphoria followed by depression. Marijuana users are typically relaxed and uninhibited.

A group of 10-year-old girls have formed a "girls only" club. It is only open to girls who still like to play with dolls. Which factor does this best represent?

appropriate social development

While observing a group of 9-year-old children at school, the nurse is concerned that one of the children is not cognitively developing according to Piaget's stage of concrete-operational thought processes. With which activity is the nurse concerned? does not understand the phrase "slow as molasses" when used by the teacher arrives to class late from recess and apologizes to the teacher believed that not turning in homework on time was acceptable, but has since decided it is not acceptable enjoys math instruction and decides to join the math club

does not understand the phrase "slow as molasses" when used by the teacher Rationale: Piaget's stage of cognitive development for the 7- to 11-year-old is the period of concrete-operational thoughts. In developing concrete operations, the child is able to assimilate and coordinate information about his or her world from different dimensions. Abstract thinking, such as understanding the meaning of the phrase "slow as molasses," is expected at this stage of cognitive development.

Parents of a 3½-year-old indicate they spend time with grandparents who live near a lake. The nurse will emphasize:

having the child wear a personal flotation device whenever near or on the water.

Which assessment findings if noted in a 4-month-old infant would the nurse recognize as normal growth and development?

holds head up when prone, bears partial weight on legs, reflexes are fading

When planning how to respond to a 3-year-old child about telling stories ("tall tales"), the nurse would base the statement on the fact that:

imagination in a 3-year-old is at its peak.

rA staff nurse is talking about Piaget's theory with a nursing student. Infants are in the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development during which object permanence is mastered. An example of an infant displaying this ability is: smiling at herself in the mirror. shaking a rattle to enjoy the sound. looking for a toy in her crib at the last place she saw it. pushing a spoon from her high chair tray to the floor.

looking for a toy in her crib at the last place she saw it.

The parents of a 16-year-old are fearful that their child may be using illegal drugs. They report to the nurse that they have noticed recently that their child seems much more focused when doing homework or chores, is losing weight, displays a high level of energy, and becomes agitated easily. The nurse is aware that the teen is displaying symptoms of which type of drug use?

methamphetamine

The nurse is assessing the oral cavity of a 4-month-old infant. Which finding is consistent with a child of this age? no teeth 1 to 2 lower teeth 1 to 3 natal teeth 1 upper tooth

no teeth

The nurse is conducting a well-child assessment of a 4-year-old. Which assessment finding warrants further investigation? absence of dental caries presence of 10 deciduous teeth 20 deciduous teeth present presence of 19 teeth

presence of 10 deciduous teeth

The nurse conducting a 6-month well-baby check-up assesses for the presence/absence of the asymmetric tonic neck reflex. At this age the reflex:

should have disappeared.

Which developmental milestone would the nurse expect an 11-month-old infant to have achieved? sitting independently building a tower of four cubes turning a doorknob walking independently

sitting independently

When assessing the growth and development of a 4-year-old, which would the nurse note as being appropriate? begins to show logical thought processes has best friends at preschool and sleepovers scribbles with no discernable pictures/letters tells a fantasy story about a bear and a car Submit Answer

tells a fantasy story about a bear and a car

A 4-year-old is going to finger paint for the first time. What is the best action for the adult supervisor of this activity?

Support whatever the child paints.

The nurse is admitting a 15-year-old adolescent to the hospital pediatric unit. What does the nurse recognize as a priority for this adolescent?

The adolescent's need for privacy should be respected.

The parents of a 10-year-old tell the clinic nurse that they are concerned because they noticed that their child has gained about 10 pounds over the past 2 years. What is the best response by the nurse? "Normal growth and development for this age results in an average weight gain of 7 pounds per year." "Your child doesn't seem to be overweight, so it isn't a concern." "I understand why you are concerned. Is your child sedentary quite a bit? Encouraging activity may limit weight gain." "We see most children of this age in our clinic gaining similar amounts."

"Normal growth and development for this age results in an average weight gain of 7 pounds per year."

An adolescent's parent states not knowing what to do with the adolescent. The parent reports the teenager is taking two or three showers a day when not that long ago the parent could barely get the teen to take a shower at all. What should the nurse's reply be to the parent?

"Reinforce the family rules but also allow the adolescent to develop one's own routine."

An 8-year-old boy who says he wants to be a doctor when he grows up pleads with the nurse to let him put on his own band-aid after receiving an injection. The nurse agrees and watches as the boy very carefully lines the band-aid up with the mark left by the injection and applies it to his skin. Then he asks, "Did I do it right?" and waits eagerly for the nurse's feedback. The nurse recognizes in this situation the boy's attempt to master the primary developmental step of school age. What is that step? Industry Perfectionism Conservation Accommodation

Industry

A hospitalized 7-year-old is recovering from a head injury. Occupational therapy has been ordered to assist the child in regaining eye/hand coordination. If the child cannot master this skill, what feelings may arise?

A feeling of inferiority

The mother of a 7-year-old girl is asking the nurse's advice about getting her daughter a 2-wheel bike. Which response by the nurse is most important?

"Be sure to get the proper size bike."

During a well-child visit, the caregiver expresses concern that the 3-year-old child often stutters when speaking. Which response should the nurse prioritize to best assist this family? "Children of this age may stutter while they search for just the right word." "Difficulties with speaking generally indicate that the adults in the child's life are not reading to the child enough." "Stuttering is common in young children because they are not physically capable of forming all the sounds." "Stuttering is usually indicative of a hearing loss."

"Children of this age may stutter while they search for just the right word."

The parents of an 8-month-old infant voice concern to the nurse that their infant is not developing motor skills as they should. What question should the nurse ask to help determine if their fears are warranted? "Is your infant able to drink with a cup by themselves?" "Does your infant place toys into a box or container and take them out?" "Does your infant move a toy back and forth from one hand to the other when you give it to them?" "Is your infant able to hold a pencil and scribble on paper?"

"Does your infant move a toy back and forth from one hand to the other when you give it to them?"

The nurse is discussing sensory development with the mother of a 2-year-old boy. Which parental comment suggests the child may have a sensory problem?

"He doesn't respond if I wave to him." Rationale: The fact that the child does not respond when the mother waves to him suggests he may have a vision problem. The toddler's sense of smell is still developing, so he may not be affected by odors. Their sense of taste is not well developed either, and this allows him to eat or drink poisons without concern. The child's crying at a sudden noise assures the nurse that his hearing is adequate.

The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the parent of a 2-month-old infant in relation to growth and development. Which statement from the parent demonstrates proper understanding? "I can expect my infant to laugh out loud within the next month." "I can expect my infant to become clingy around strangers within the next month." "I can expect my infant to be able to raise the head up when on the stomach within the next month." "I can expect my infant to be able to hold a rattle within the next month." Submit Answer

"I can expect my infant to be able to raise the head up when on the stomach within the next month."

The nurse is taking a health history for a 12-year-old child whose BMI is greater than 30. Which general question should the nurse ask the child's parents?

"Is there a family history of hypertension, heart disease, or diabetes?" Rationale: Parents should be more knowledgeable than the child regarding health problems within the family. The other questions are appropriate for the child to answer and may motivate the child to think about meal patterns, diet, and exercise habits. The parents will benefit from listening to these questions, because their habits influence the child.

The parents of a 16-year-old male are worried about recent changes in his behavior, ignoring his schoolwork and sports, and spending almost all of his free time interacting with his girlfriend. Which suggestion should the nurse point out would best address this situation?

He has developed his own identity by now; being able to establish close relationships with girls is important preparation for all of his adult relationships. They should honor his need to be with, or talk to, his girlfriend as long as he has completed his schoolwork for the day.

Parents discuss with the nurse their 2-year-old toddler's temper tantrums. Which technique would the nurse suggest?

Ignore the toddler's behavior.

An 11-year-old child is preparing to see the dentist to have his teeth cleaned. Which finding would considered most appropriate for this age? The child has 32 permanent teeth. The child has 2 primary teeth and 26 permanent teeth. The child has 28 permanent teeth. The child has 4 primary teeth and 24 permanent teeth.

The child has 28 permanent teeth.

The parents of an 8-year-old girl with a slow-to-warm temperament are concerned about their daughter's reaction when she visits the dentist for the first time after having a cavity filled at the last visit. How should the nurse respond? "Remind her in simple terms what will happen in the dentist's office." "Wait to tell her about the visit until just before the appointment." "Tell your daughter that it is just like going to see the pediatrician." "Remind your daughter of the importance of proper oral hygiene."

"Remind her in simple terms what will happen in the dentist's office."

The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the parents of a 15-year-old who voice concerns with their teenager's sleep habits. They state, "Left to her own devices, I'm sure she'd stay up until 3:00 in the morning on the weekends and sleep until after lunchtime." Which should the nurse explain to the parents?

"That must be hard for you to manage. Perhaps we can explore some strategies with her to establish more predictable sleep patterns."

The parents of a 4-day-old infant report concern about his weight loss. What is the best response by the nurse?

"With appropriate nutrition weight gain will commence with a return to the birth weight within 2 weeks."

During the first visit to the pediatrician's practice the nurse is performing an admission interview and assessment of a 4-week-old infant. The mother states, "I am sure my baby girl knows my smell because she is much more settled in my arms rather than my mother's arms when she is upset." What is an appropriate response by the nurse? "Babies really can't tell the difference between people at that age." "Maybe she just knows your voice better than your mother's." "You may be right, since infants can sense their mother's smell as early as 7 days old." "I'm not sure a 4-week-old infant can tell their mother from another woman's smell."

"You may be right, since infants can sense their mother's smell as early as 7 days old."

A 7-year-old child has taken money from a sibling's dresser on two occasions. When counseling the parent about this behavior, what would the nurse advise?

"You may need to remind your child about property rights."

The mother of a 3-year-old tells the nurse that she is concerned that her child is not developing motor skills quickly enough. She states that, "My son can't skip and cannot stand on one foot for any length of time while playing." How should the nurse respond?

"Your child is not expected to be able to perform those activities at 3 years of age."

The infant weighs 6 lb 8 oz (2,950 g) at birth. If the infant is following a normal pattern of growth, what would be an expected weight for this child at the age of 12 months? 10 lb 8 oz (4760 g) 19 lb 8 oz (8825 g) 13 lb (5900 g) 15 lb 4 oz (6920 g)

19 lb 8 oz (8825 g)

The infant weighs 7 lb 4 oz (3300 g) at birth. If the infant is following a normal pattern of growth, what would be the expected weight for this child at the age of 12 months? 21 lb 12 oz (9.9 kg) 14 lb 8 oz (6.6 kg) 25 lb (11.3 kg) 28 lb 4 oz (12.8 kg)

21 lb 12 oz (9.9 kg)

The nurse is assessing a 1-year-old at the well-child annual visit and notes the child is meeting the growth parameters. After noting the birth weight was 8 pounds (3.6 kg) and length was 20 inches (50.8 cm) long, which measurements reflecting height/weight would the nurse expect to document for this visit?

Correct Answer: 24 pounds (10.8 kg) and 30 inches (75 cm) Rationale: By 1 year of age, the infant should have tripled his or her birth weight and grown 10 to 12 inches (25 to 30 cm). If this infant was 8 pounds (3.6 kg) at birth, at 1 year, this child should weigh 24 pounds (8 x 3 = 24) and grown to 30 to 32 inches (20 + 10 to 12 = 30 to 32 inches). Most of the growing occurs during the first 6 months with the infant's birth weight doubling and height increasing about 6 inches (15 cm). Growth slows slightly during the second 6 months but is still rapid.

A nurse is educating the parents of a 6-month-old about safety. Which instruction is most appropriate? A. "Ensure that small objects are kept out of reach." B. "Start toilet training as the infant may show readiness." C. "Place the infant in a forward-facing car seat." D. "Introduce cow's milk into the infant's diet."

Correct Answer: A. "Ensure that small objects are kept out of reach." Rationale: By 6 months, infants are starting to become mobile, increasing the risk of choking on small objects. Toilet training (B) is not appropriate at this age, as readiness typically occurs around 2-3 years. Infants should be in rear-facing car seats (C) until at least age 2. Cow's milk (D) should not be introduced until 12 months of age.

The parents of a 16-year-old girl express concern that their daughter spends more time with friends than family. What is the nurse's best response? A. "This is a normal part of adolescent development as teens focus on peer relationships." B. "You should limit her time with friends to encourage more family involvement." C. "This is concerning behavior, and she should spend more time with the family." D. "Spending too much time with peers can lead to negative influences."

Correct Answer: A. "This is a normal part of adolescent development as teens focus on peer relationships." Rationale: Spending more time with peers than family is a normal part of adolescence as teens seek independence and develop social relationships. Limiting peer interactions (B) or being overly concerned (C) may negatively affect the adolescent's development. Peer relationships are important for social development, and not all influences are negative (D).

Which of the following is an appropriate nursing intervention to foster autonomy in a toddler? A. Allow the toddler to make simple choices, like choosing between two snacks. B. Encourage the toddler to share toys with other children. C. Promote group activities to enhance social skills. D. Limit the toddler's decision-making to reduce frustration

Correct Answer: A. Allow the toddler to make simple choices, like choosing between two snacks. Rationale: Toddlers are developing a sense of autonomy and independence. Offering simple choices fosters this sense of independence. Sharing toys (B) and group activities (C) are more appropriate for preschoolers. Limiting decision-making (D) can hinder the development of autonomy.

. A nurse is caring for a 7-year-old child who is hospitalized. Which action by the nurse will best help the child cope with the hospital environment? A. Encourage the child to take part in simple self-care tasks .B. Tell the child to avoid asking questions to minimize anxiety. C. Allow the child to make major decisions about their care. D. Explain procedures in a detailed and complex way.

Correct Answer: A. Encourage the child to take part in simple self-care tasks. Rationale: School-age children benefit from being given responsibilities and participating in their care to foster a sense of accomplishment (industry). Avoiding questions (B) and giving overly complex explanations (D) may increase anxiety. Major decisions (C) are beyond the typical developmental capacity of a 7-year-old.

Which of the following behaviors indicates a successful transition through Erikson's stage of Identity vs. Role Confusion in adolescence? A. The adolescent makes a commitment to a career path. B. The adolescent relies on parents to make decisions. C. The adolescent avoids peer groups to focus on school. D. The adolescent experiments with different roles without settling on one.

Correct Answer: A. The adolescent makes a commitment to a career path. Rationale: Successfully transitioning through the Identity vs. Role Confusion stage involves making decisions about one's future, including career, relationships, and beliefs. Relying heavily on parents for decision-making (B) indicates role confusion. Avoiding peer groups (C) or experimenting without commitment (D) may suggest uncertainty about identity.

A 16-year-old adolescent is brought to the clinic for a routine check-up. Based on Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which ability should the nurse expect the adolescent to demonstrate? A. Understanding abstract concepts B. Thinking only in concrete terms C. Engaging in magical thinking D. Learning object permanence

Correct Answer: A. Understanding abstract concepts Rationale: According to Piaget, adolescents are in the formal operational stage, where they can think abstractly and hypothetically. Concrete thinking (B) is characteristic of the concrete operational stage (ages 7-11). Magical thinking (C) is common in younger children in the preoperational stage, and object permanence (D) develops during the sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years).

During a health check-up, a 14-year-old male tells the nurse that he feels "invincible" and is not worried about the consequences of dangerous behaviors, such as speeding. What is the nurse's best response? A. "You should stop thinking that way, as you're not invincible." B. "Feeling invincible is a common part of adolescent development, but it's important to recognize the risks." C. "That's a dangerous way to think; you must take responsibility for your actions." D. "It's normal for all teens to feel this way, but nothing bad will happen."

Correct Answer: B. "Feeling invincible is a common part of adolescent development, but it's important to recognize the risks." Rationale: Adolescents often have an "invincibility fable," where they believe they are immune to harm. While this is a normal developmental phenomenon, the nurse should educate the teen about the real consequences of risky behavior without being dismissive or overly authoritative.

An adolescent is concerned about acne and its impact on appearance. Which developmental issue is the adolescent experiencing according to Erikson's stages? A. Industry vs. Inferiority B. Identity vs. Role Confusion C. Initiative vs. Guilt D. Intimacy vs. Isolation

Correct Answer: B. Identity vs. Role Confusion Rationale: During adolescence, the primary task is developing a sense of identity, including how one looks and fits into social groups. Concerns about appearance are common during the Identity vs. Role Confusion stage. Industry vs. Inferiority (A) applies to school-age children, Initiative vs. Guilt (C) applies to preschoolers, and Intimacy vs. Isolation (D) is a stage encountered in early adulthood.

Which statement by a 15-year-old female demonstrates normal adolescent thinking, according to Piaget's formal operational stage? A. "If I study hard, I will pass my test." B. "I can't believe I'm the only one who has to follow these rules." C. "I don't care what anyone thinks about me." D. "I play games and pretend I'm a superhero."

Correct Answer: B. "I can't believe I'm the only one who has to follow these rules." Rationale: Adolescents often believe that they are unique and that no one else experiences the same situations, a concept known as "adolescent egocentrism" or the "personal fable," which is typical in Piaget's formal operational stage. A focus on logical consequences (A) is part of formal operational thinking, but the specific egocentric thought (B) is more characteristic of this stage. Caring about peer approval (C) and imaginative play (D) are more typical in younger children.

A nurse is educating parents about expected language development in their 5-year-old child. Which statement indicates the child is meeting language milestones? A. "My child speaks in two-word sentences." B. "My child can tell a simple story using full sentences." C. "My child can say only about 20 words." D. "My child points to objects instead of naming them."

Correct Answer: B. "My child can tell a simple story using full sentences." Rationale: By age 5, children should be able to use full sentences and tell simple stories. Two-word sentences (A) are typical of toddlers around 2 years old, and using only 20 words (C) would indicate a language delay. Pointing to objects (D) is more typical of younger children under 2 years old.

The parents of a 4-year-old express concern that their child still believes in imaginary friends. What is the nurse's best response? A. "This is unusual for a child of this age. You should consult a psychologist." B. "This is a normal part of development for a preschooler." C. "Your child should outgrow this by age 5." D. "This might be a sign of an underlying emotional problem."

Correct Answer: B. "This is a normal part of development for a preschooler." Rationale: Preschoolers often engage in imaginative play, including having imaginary friends. This is a normal part of cognitive development at this age and usually diminishes as the child grows older. There is no need for psychological evaluation (A) or concerns about emotional problems (D).

A parent is concerned that their 3-year-old child often says "no" to everything and insists on doing things independently. Which stage of Erikson's theory does this behavior represent? A. Trust vs. Mistrust B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt C. Initiative vs. Guilt D. Identity vs. Role Confusion

Correct Answer: B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Rationale: The behavior of saying "no" and asserting independence is characteristic of Erikson's Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage, typically seen in toddlers. Children in this stage are learning to exercise control and independence. Initiative vs. Guilt (C) refers to preschoolers, who engage in planning and undertaking activities. Identity vs. Role Confusion (D) occurs in adolescence.

A 2-year-old child is in which of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development? A. Trust vs. Mistrust B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt C. Initiative vs. Guilt D. Industry vs. Inferiority

Correct Answer: B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Rationale: According to Erikson, toddlers (ages 1-3) are in the Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage. They are learning to develop personal control and independence, such as through toilet training and making choices. Trust vs. Mistrust (A) is from birth to 1 year. Initiative vs. Guilt (C) is seen in preschoolers (ages 3-6). Industry vs. Inferiority (D) occurs during school age (ages 6-12).

A parent of a 2-year-old is concerned that their child frequently says "no" and throws tantrums. The nurse explains that this behavior is most commonly associated with which of the following developmental stages? A. Trust vs. Mistrust B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt C. Initiative vs. Guilt D. Industry vs. Inferiority

Correct Answer: B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Rationale: The toddler (ages 1-3) is in Erikson's Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage, during which the child seeks independence and control, often leading to defiant behavior and tantrums as they assert their autonomy. Trust vs. Mistrust (A) is for infants, Initiative vs. Guilt (C) is for preschoolers, and Industry vs. Inferiority (D) is for school-age children.

A nurse is assessing the developmental milestones of a 4-year-old child. Which activity would be most appropriate for this age group? A. Playing a board game with rules B. Drawing a person with three body parts C. Building a tower of ten blocks D. Tying their shoelaces independently

Correct Answer: B. Drawing a person with three body parts Rationale: A 4-year-old should be able to draw a person with at least three body parts. Playing board games with rules (A) is more typical in school-aged children. Building a tower of ten blocks (C) is an earlier milestone (around 2-3 years), and tying shoelaces (D) is usually accomplished closer to age 5-6.

A 15-year-old adolescent is concerned about peer pressure to use alcohol. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention? A. Encourage the adolescent to spend time with older, more mature friends. B. Educate the adolescent on ways to say "no" and practice assertiveness skills. C. Tell the adolescent that peer pressure is a normal part of growing up. D. Reassure the adolescent that their friends will respect their decision.

Correct Answer: B. Educate the adolescent on ways to say "no" and practice assertiveness skills. Rationale: Teaching assertiveness and refusal skills helps adolescents manage peer pressure in a positive way. Encouraging older friends (A) is not a solution, and telling the adolescent peer pressure is normal (C) or assuming their friends will respect their decision (D) may not adequately prepare them to handle these situations.

According to Piaget, which developmental task should the nurse expect a child to achieve during the preoperational stage? A. Logical thought and problem-solving B. Egocentric thinking C. Understanding of abstract concepts D. Mastery of conservation

Correct Answer: B. Egocentric thinking Rationale: The preoperational stage (ages 2-7) is characterized by egocentric thinking, where the child cannot take the perspective of others. Logical thought and problem-solving (A) emerge in the concrete operational stage (ages 7-11). Understanding of abstract concepts (C) occurs in the formal operational stage (ages 12 and up). Mastery of conservation (D) also occurs in the concrete operational stage.

According to Erikson, what is the primary developmental task of a preschool-aged child (ages 3-6 years)? A. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt B. Initiative vs. GuiltC. Industry vs. Inferiority D. Trust vs. Mistrust

Correct Answer: B. Initiative vs. Guilt Rationale: The primary task of preschoolers is to develop initiative, where they begin to plan activities and take on new tasks. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (A) applies to toddlers, Industry vs. Inferiority (C) applies to school-aged children, and Trust vs. Mistrust (D) applies to infants.

A mother is concerned because her 10-month-old infant does not seem interested in playing "peek-a-boo." The nurse explains that this game is important for developing which concept, according to Piaget? A. Symbolic play B. Object permanence C. Egocentric thinking D. Concrete operations

Correct Answer: B. Object permanence Rationale: Peek-a-boo helps develop object permanence, the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen. This concept typically develops between 8-12 months during Piaget's sensorimotor stage. Symbolic play (A) emerges later, around 18-24 months. Egocentric thinking (C) and concrete operations (D) are seen in older children.

. A nurse is providing education to the parents of an 8-year-old about appropriate play activities. Which of the following is the most appropriate for this age group? A. Playing with dolls B. Playing organized sports C. Engaging in parallel play D. Participating in solitary play

Correct Answer: B. Playing organized sports Rationale: School-age children are developmentally ready to engage in organized sports, which promote teamwork and cooperation. Playing with dolls (A) is more common in younger children, parallel play (C) is seen in toddlers, and solitary play (D) is more typical of preschoolers.

According to Piaget, a 4-year-old who engages in pretend play (symbolic play) is demonstrating behavior characteristic of which stage? A. Sensorimotor B. Preoperational C. Concrete operational D. Formal operational

Correct Answer: B. Preoperational Rationale: The preoperational stage (ages 2-7) is characterized by symbolic play and imagination, such as pretend play. In the sensorimotor stage (A), infants learn through physical interaction with their environment. The concrete operational stage (C) involves logical thinking about concrete objects, while the formal operational stage (D) includes abstract thought.

At a well-baby visit, the nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant. Which of the following developmental skills is typical for this age? A. Crawling B. Rolling from back to front C. Using a pincer grasp D. Standing with assistance

Correct Answer: B. Rolling from back to front Rationale: At 6 months, an infant is typically able to roll from back to front. Crawling (A) usually occurs around 8-10 months, a pincer grasp (C) develops around 9 months, and standing with assistance (D) occurs closer to 9-12 months.

In Piaget's concrete operational stage of a school-age child, which cognitive ability does the child develop? A. Understanding object permanence B. Thinking logically about concrete events C. Thinking hypothetically and abstractly D. Engaging in egocentric thought

Correct Answer: B. Thinking logically about concrete events Rationale: In the concrete operational stage (ages 7-11), children begin thinking logically about concrete events and understand concepts such as conservation and reversibility. Object permanence (A) develops during the sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years). Hypothetical and abstract thinking (C) emerge during the formal operational stage (12 years and older). Egocentric thought (D) is characteristic of the preoperational stage (ages 2-7).

A 5-year-old child is scheduled for surgery. Which developmental approach is most appropriate when explaining the procedure to the child? A. Provide a detailed, step-by-step explanation. B. Use simple terms and allow the child to play with medical equipment .C. Offer a scientific explanation of the surgery's purpose .D. Tell the child not to worry, as everything will be fine.

Correct Answer: B. Use simple terms and allow the child to play with medical equipment. Rationale: A preschooler (3-6 years) benefits from simple explanations and hands-on activities, such as playing with medical equipment. This helps reduce anxiety and gives the child a sense of control. Detailed explanations (A) and scientific terms (C) are not appropriate for this age group. Reassuring without explanation (D) does not promote understanding or reduce anxiety.

A nurse is assessing the language development of a 24-month-old. Which behavior indicates normal language development? A. Speaking in complete sentences B. Using three- to four-word phrases C. Knowing how to say the alphabet D. Saying only one word at a time

Correct Answer: B. Using three- to four-word phrases Rationale: By age 2, children typically use two- to four-word phrases to communicate. Speaking in complete sentences (A) develops later, around age 3-4. Reciting the alphabet (C) is not typically expected until the preschool years. Saying only one word at a time (D) would indicate a delay in language development.

A 10-year-old child is learning to read and complete school assignments. According to Piaget, in which stage of cognitive development is this child? A. Sensorimotor B. Preoperational C. Concrete operational D. Formal operational

Correct Answer: C. Concrete operational Rationale: Children in the school-age group are in Piaget's concrete operational stage (ages 7-11), where they can think logically about concrete events and understand the concept of conservation. The sensorimotor stage (A) applies to infants, the preoperational stage (B) to toddlers and preschoolers, and the formal operational stage (D) begins in adolescence

A nurse is assessing a 7-year-old child according to Piaget's stages of cognitive development. The child is most likely in which stage? A. Sensorimotor B. Preoperational C. Concrete operational D. Formal operational

Correct Answer: C. Concrete operational Rationale: Piaget's concrete operational stage typically occurs from ages 7 to 11. During this stage, children begin thinking logically about concrete events. The sensorimotor stage (A) is from birth to about 2 years. The preoperational stage (B) is from ages 2 to 7, characterized by symbolic thinking and egocentrism. The formal operational stage (D) begins around age 12, when abstract thinking develops.

The nurse is assessing a 12-year-old child in terms of Erikson's psychosocial stages of development. Which of the following is the most appropriate goal for this age group? A. Developing a sense of trust B. Developing a sense of identity C. Developing a sense of industry D. Developing a sense of autonomy

Correct Answer: C. Developing a sense of industry Rationale: According to Erikson, children aged 6-12 are in the Industry vs. Inferiority stage. During this stage, children work to gain competence in skills and knowledge, and success leads to a sense of industry. Developing a sense of identity (B) is a task for adolescents. Developing a sense of trust (A) is associated with infancy, and autonomy (D) is the task of toddlers.

A 15-year-old girl is in the hospital for surgery and is confined to bed. The nurse can tell that the client is nervous about being in the hospital. She tells the nurse that she feels "gross" and "on display" in her hospital gown. What should the nurse do to encourage a sense of autonomy and dignity related to the girl's body image?

Offer to assist the girl in washing her hair and let her pick the shampoo.

According to Erikson, a 4-year-old child who is learning to initiate tasks and carry out plans is in which stage of psychosocial development? A. Trust vs. Mistrust B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt C. Initiative vs. Guilt D. Industry vs. Inferiority

Correct Answer: C. Initiative vs. Guilt Rationale: Preschoolers (ages 3-6) are in Erikson's Initiative vs. Guilt stage. Children in this stage begin to assert control over their environment by planning and initiating activities. Trust vs. Mistrust (A) is for infants, Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (B) is for toddlers, and Industry vs. Inferiority (D) applies to school-age children.

A nurse is assessing the growth and development of a 9-month-old infant. Which milestone should the nurse expect the infant to achieve? A. Walk without assistance B. Use a spoon to eat independently C. Say simple words like "mama" or "dada" D. Stack two blocks together

Correct Answer: C. Say simple words like "mama" or "dada" Rationale: At 9 months, an infant typically begins to say simple words like "mama" or "dada." Walking independently (A) usually occurs closer to 12-15 months. Using a spoon independently (B) and stacking blocks (D) typically occur around 15-18 months.

A 5-year-old child is being evaluated in the clinic. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which characteristic should the nurse expect at this age? A. The child understands the concept of conservation. B. The child can think logically about concrete events. C. The child engages in magical thinking. D. The child can think abstractly.

Correct Answer: C. The child engages in magical thinking. Rationale: Preschoolers are in Piaget's preoperational stage, which is characterized by egocentrism and magical thinking. Understanding conservation (A) and logical thinking (B) develop later in the concrete operational stage (ages 7-11), and abstract thinking (D) occurs in adolescence during the formal operational stage.

Which behavior should the nurse expect in a 2-year-old child? A. Build a tower of 10 blocks B. Ride a tricycle C. Use two-word phrases like "want cookie" D. Understand the concept of time

Correct Answer: C. Use two-word phrases like "want cookie" Rationale: At 2 years old, children typically begin to use two-word phrases to express themselves. Building a tower of 10 blocks (A) and riding a tricycle (B) are more common for older toddlers or preschoolers. Understanding the concept of time (D) develops later in early childhood.

A nurse is assessing the fine motor skills of a 3-year-old child. Which activity is most appropriate for assessing this skill? A. Kicking a ball B. Hopping on one foot C. Using scissors to cut paper D. Stacking a tower of 9 - 10 blocks

Correct Answer: D. Stacking a tower of eight blocks Rationale: Stacking blocks is a fine motor skill that assesses the coordination and control of small muscles in the hands. Kicking a ball (A) and hopping (B) are gross motor skills. Using scissors (C) is generally more appropriate for a 4- or 5-year-old child.

Which activity will the nurse encourage new parents to complete in order to assist their infant in accomplishing Erikson's developmental task for the first year of life

Correct answer: Respond promptly when the infant cries. Rationale: The developmental task of the infant year, according to Erikson, is to gain a sense of trust. This can be accomplished by promptly meeting the infant's needs during the first year of life. If the infant does not learn to trust, mistrust will develop. Praising will help meet the future developmental tasks of the child. Reading books and appropriately enunciating words will aid in the infant's language development.

At a well-baby visit, the nurse is assessing an 6-month-old infant. Which of the following developmental skills is typical for this age? A. Crawling B. tripod sits C. Using a pincer grasp D. Standing with assistance

Correct answer: Tripod sits

A 17-year-old adolescent chats excitedly with the nurse about plans for college and a career. The adolescent states having checked out every college in the region and determined which one is the best fit and would give the adolescent the best career options. The nurse recognizes which developmental aspect in this client?

Formal operational thought

The nurse is talking with parents of a depressed 16-year-old boy. Which question is of the most importance? Have his sleeping and eating habits changed? Does he exercise? Is there a gun in your home? How is his personal hygiene?

Is there a gun in your home?

An infant is breastfed. When assessing the stools, which findings would be typical?

Less constipation than bottle-fed infants

What anticipatory guidance can the nurse provide the girl who has noted the development of breast buds?

Menarche should follow in about 2 years.

A nurse is caring for a hospitalized 10-year-old child. What would be an appropriate activity for this child to meet the developmental tasks of this age group? Participating in a craft project Playing with blocks Writing letters to friends Playing with a jack-in-the-box

Participating in a craft project

Nursing students are reviewing information about the cognitive development of preschoolers. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify that a 3-year-old is in what stage as identified by Piaget? Coordination of secondary schema Primary circular reaction Preoperational thought Tertiary circular reaction

Preoperational thought

A parent tells a nurse that the child has recently established some friendships for the first time. In which age group do you expect this child to be? School age Preschool Adolescence Toddler

Preschool

A female client tells the nurse about noticing an increase in weight and fat deposits during the past year. The nurse reviews the client's chart and recognizes that the client is most likely going through puberty. Which nursing action is most appropriate at this time? Review dietary measures to assist in controlling weight gain. Encourage increased exercise to control weight gain. Provide reassurance that these are normal changes. Share what foods can be eaten on a low-fat diet to prevent fat deposits.

Provide reassurance that these are normal changes.

Which milestone would the nurse expect an infant to accomplish by 8 months of age? Being able to sit from a standing position Sitting without support Creeping on all fours Pulling self to a standing position

Sitting without support

The 18-month-old toddler has most likely attained which gross motor skill? The ability to balance on one foot. The ability to walk up stairs alone. The ability to pedal a tricycle. The ability to walk independently.

The ability to walk independently.

The nurse is assessing the psychosocial development of an adolescent. The nurse determines that the client is in the middle post-conventional phase with which observation? The adolescent states, "I am glad my parents instilled such a good work ethic in me." The nurse hears the adolescent asking the parents, "How does God decide that some people get sick and some people don't?" The nurse hears the adolescent talking with a friend and states, "I don't understand how some of the rich in our society don't help the poor." The adolescent tells the nurse, "I'm starting to think that some of my friends care a lot more about what other people think of them than what I do."

The adolescent tells the nurse, "I'm starting to think that some of my friends care a lot more about what other people think of them than what I do." Rationale: According to Kohlberg, the middle post-conventional phase is characterized by the adolescent developing his or her own set of morals by evaluating individual morals in relation to peer, family, and societal morals. This is demonstrated when the adolescent stated. "I'm starting to think that some of my friends care a lot more about what other people think of them than what I do." The early post-conventional phase is characterized by asking broad, usually unanswerable questions about life such as the question about God. During the late post-conventional phase, the adolescent internalizes his or her own morals and values, and continues to compare morals and values to those of society. During this phase, the adolescent also evaluates the morals of others. The statements regarding the rich in society and work ethic demonstrate this late phase.

The nurse is meeting with a group of young parents to discuss nutrition and their preschooler. Which response should the nurse prioritize when asked if using desserts as a reward for good behavior is an appropriate idea? The child will learn to choose sweets over nutritious food. The child can use food to manipulate others' behavior.

The child can use food to manipulate others' behavior.

The nurse is examining a 3-year-old girl during a regular visit. Which finding would disclose a developmental delay in this child? The child follows directions when made one at a time. The child demonstrates separation anxiety. The child copies a circle on a piece of paper. The child imitates the nurse in use of a stethoscope. Submit Answer

The child demonstrates separation anxiety.

What action shows an example of Erik Erikson's developmental task for the infant? The infant cries when they have a wet diaper. The infant smiles as people walk past the crib. The infant plays the game peek-a-boo. The infant cries and the caregiver picks the child up.

The infant cries and the caregiver picks the child up.

True or False: By 10 years of age, the eye globe reaches its final shape and adult vision is achieved.

True

The nurse is examining a 3-year-old girl during a regular visit. Which finding would disclose a developmental delay in this child?

Uses two-word sentences or phrases

The school nurse is preparing to conduct routine health screenings of the elementary school students. Which screening will the nurse prioritize for students ages 6 to 8?

Vision and Hearing