HazMat Operations

Skin

Affects dermal layer of the body. Considered "Cutaneous" or skin hazard Signs & Symptoms: Irritation, rashes, or blisters Chemicals: Ketones, chlorinated compounds, mustard gases

Circulatory System

Agents decreasing hemoglobin in the blood deprive the hematopolatic body tissue of oxygen Signs & Symptoms: Cyanosis, loss of consciousness Chemical: Carbon monoxide, benzene

Applicable Control Measures, include PPE

info to help chose proper PPE

Structural FireFighting Clothing (PPE)

this type of gear will provide minimal protection from hazardous material

High temp. Clothing (PPE)

this type provide protection for extended entry into total flame environment and permits close approach to fires for the purpose of performing rescue and fire suppression

C

Corrosivity (C)

Horizontal Tank

Cylindrical tank sitting horizontally on its legs

Water Solubility

Degree in which substance will dissolve in water. Its extremely effective to know what "blends" uniformly with another substance for controlled and extinguishing agents

Plan Initial Response (2)

Describe options available for response objectives

Endangered Area (Step 2)

Describe the number and types of exposures

Plan Initial Response (1)

Describe the response objectives for the hazmat incident

Acute

Described as immediate exposure. A single dose during an emergency response

Chronic

Described as low exposures repeated over time

Palletized NonBulk Packages

Description: Are pallets with other smaller containers.

Wooden Barrels (NonBulk)

Description: Called "Kegs" can hold both solids or liquids such as - Nails - Pickles - Distilled Alcohol

Portable Tanks & Bins

Description: Come in variety of shapes & sizes - plastic or metal - holds 300 to 6,300 gallons - pressurized or non pressurized - transport gases, liquids, or solids

Bottles (NonBulk)

Description: Contains liquids or solids.

Overpack (Type A)

Description: Contains radioactive pharmaceuticals used in med. Facilities. Made of cardboard, Fiberboard, wood. Has cushioning & absorbent materials incase of inner packaging it holds breaks.

Bags (NonBulk)

Description: Contains solids, hazardous materials such as oxidizer, pesticides, or caustic powder. Can also contain grains, pet foods, or cement

Drums (NonBulk)

Description: Cylindrical packaging used to hold liquids or solids. Drums can have a removable head (Open Head) or a non-removable head (Tight of Closed Head).

Casks (Type A)

Description: Designed especially to transport large amount of low specific activity material. - Uranium - Hexafluoride - Radioactive waste

Ton Containers

Description: Used to transport a ton of chlorine. Are rigid packaging used to transport liquified gases. 3 feet in diameter and 8 feet long. Convex or concave heads.

HazMat Incidents Involving Buildings

Find out number, type, and location of: - Floor drains - Ventilation Ducts - Air returns

Stage of the incident or event

What has already happened and what's happening now ? E.g include wether containers have already breached and which containers have already been stressed

The hazardous material

What type of hazard are you dealing with and what is it from?

Air Purifying Respirator (APR's)

What we use on the boat when we paint!! the face piece is either a full face mask or a half face mask with no eye protection. If there is no positive pressure and negative pressure develops contaminants may enter the face piece.

Breach

When Container is stressed and lets out its content

Flash Point

Minimum temp. at which it gives off enough vapor to form an ignitable mixture with air.

Ignition Temp.

Minimum temp. at which self-sustaining combustion without ignition source will take place. Also called autoignition.

Short Term

Minutes and Hours. Low hazard small release that have been quickly controlled

Plume Dispersion

Modeling results from pre incident plans

Chemical Degradation

Molecule change to the suite material results of contact with chemicals. Cause suit to shrink, swell, brittle or soften.

High Pressure Tube Trailer

Multiple cylinders stacked & manifolded with controls at the rear. Transport gases up to 5,000 psi.

Endangered Area

Must determine the size! use the most updated ERG

Shippers & Carriers

Must follow specific requirements in marking radioactive materials.

Mutagens (Chronic Health Hazard)

Mutations in DNA and living cells

Central Nervous System

Neurotoxins damage it! Signs & Symptoms: numbness, tingling, decreased sensation Chemicals: arsenic, lead, toluene, styrene

Air line Respirator

NickNames: Supplies Air Respirators (SARs) Supplied Air Breathing Apparatus (SABA) Its lighter than the SCBA and provides unlimited supply of air.

Dome Roof Tank

Rounded Dome Roof Operational pressure is 2.5 - 15 psi

Analyzing The incident Topic

Brief descriptions of containers.

Diffusion

Chemical diffuses thru the material

Fissile

Definition: Refers to elements in which fission reaction can induce, causing fissile atoms to love control and release radiation.

MC-331 (Pressure Tanks)

Typically transport compressed gases - LP gases - Anhydrous Ammonia * Its capacity is 11,500 gal, pressure of 100-500 psig

Operation Level

- Analyze the incident - Plan an Initial Response - Implement the planned response - Evaluate the progress

Exposures Saved

- Defensive Procedures - The resources available at the time - Info gathered during the analysis

Non-Pressurized (What do they carry?)

- Food grade commodities - Whiskey - Liquid Fertilizer - Flammable & Combustible solvents - resins - Sodium Hydroxide - Water treatment chemicals

Pesticides Marked Content

- Insecticides - herbicides - fungicides

Radioactive Class 7

- Radiological Harm - Thermal Injury - Chemical Injury Depending on the proximity of responders and the dose, delayed effect most likely occur. The level of risk can be determined by knowing what type of packages was involved

Time Terminology

- Short Term - Medium Term - Long Term

Defensive Response Objectives

- Stage of the incident or event - Goals for stopping the event - Keeping future events from occuring

Flammable Class 3

- Thermal - Mechanical - Chemical

Things to Consider!

- Weather Conditions - Accessibility: How many routs to and from the site and there, and how easy they are to travel. - Overhead and underground wires and pipelines - Storms and sewer drains - Possible sources of ignition Any of these conditions may impact your response option

Facility Containers Marked Content

- container size - product name - NFPA 704 symbol - tank ID number - site ID number

SDS (CONT'D)

- identification - physical properties - chemical properties - physical hazard - health hazard - response info

Specific Requirements (Shipper & Carriers)

- labels must be placed on opposite sides. - must indicate content, radiation level. Some packages like radioactive II or III require transport index - Packages containing fissile material must display "Fissile" label along with radioactive label

SDS

- obtain info about material hazard - identify a material behavior characteristics - determine the container or packaging damage - predict the likely behavior of a material

Pipeline Marked Content

- product - owner - emergency telephone number

Performance for Planned Response Objectives

1. Describe the total number of exposures 2. Decide how many exposures have already been lost 3. Estimate the action options available and their effectiveness

Impact behavior of Container & Content

15 properties

Irritants

2.2 or 6.1

Chocking Agents

2.3

Blood Agents

2.3 or 6.1

Selection of Specific Chemical Protective Clothing

5 factors: - product - capability of protective garment - needs of the responder - environment - response objective

Explosive Class 1

6 divisions and all placards are orange. Only the first 3 placards have a "bursting ball" icon. They are the most sensitive & explosive "Less self-contained"

Vesicants (Blister Agents)

6.1

Biological Agents

6.1 or 6.2

Nerve Agents

6.1 toxic

Toxic Gas 2.3

A gas is described in terms of how much exposure would cause death

Chronic Health Hazards

A long or permanent duration of time. Chronic health hazard is broken down into 3 categories

Run Away Cracking

A small crack on a container suddenly becomes rapidly growing

Non pressure Facility Tanks

Also called atmospheric pressure tanks

Dry Bulk Cargo Tanks

Also called pneumatically off-loaded hopper trailer. They transport bulk solids - Ammonium nitrate solids - Dry caustic soda - Oxidizers - Plastic pallets * Common hazard is static charges*

Non Pressurized Tank Cars

Also know as general service or low pressure tanks. Capacity of 4,000 - 45,000 gal. Include variety of metals - Flammable/Combustible liquids - Flammable solids - Oxidizers - Corrosives -Poisons - Molten Solids

Combustion

Alter a substance and make it more or less harmful

Carcinogens (Chronic Health Hazard)

Any material that causes abnormal growth in living tissue. Cancer

Stress

Applied force or system of forces that tend to strain or deforms the body. Container or its substance (Body)

Hazmat Operations

Are Broken down into 2 distinct levels! - Hazmat Operations Core - Hazmat Operations Mission Specific Competencies (MSC)

Fissile Class IV - VII

Are sold transport items. They contain so much radiation that only one unit can be transported at a time.

A

Asphyxiation (A)

Endangered Area (Step 4)

Assess other factors influencing the situation - the time of day (is it rush hour ?) - the type of occupancies (is it a warehouse or office complex?) - Location of release (Urban or Rural)

Neutron Particles

Basic of all part of an atom. It can produce fission. It's radiation can be repelled by hydrogen based content like water and plastic.

Intermodal Tank Container

Bulk containers. Can be moved from one mode of transportation to another. Rail, truck, or shop. Not usually by air.

LC50

Calculated concentration in the air which is expected to kill 50% of experimental population in a specific period of time. Lethal concentration exposure is hazardous by inhalation alone.

LD50

Calculated dose which is expected to kill 50% of experimental population from exposure by any rout other than inhalation

MC-312/DOT-412 (Corrosive Liquids)

Called corrosive cargo tanks. They carry; - Corrosive liquids - High density liquids *Max allowed working pressure is between 5 & 25 psig. Could also be single walled or outer insulation shell.

MC-307/DOT-407 (Low Pressure)

Can have single or double shells (Single Walled, or Double Walled). They transport - Flammable Liquids - Corrosive - Poisons *Max allowed working pressure does not exceed 40psig.*

Contagious

Capable of being transmitted from one individual (Animal or Humans) to another thru contact

Pressure Tank Cars

Carry material under pressure ranging from 100 psi - 600 psi. Capacity of 4,000 - 45,000 gal. - Flammable - Non Flammable - Poisonous Gases - Hydrogen Cyanide

Cargo Tank

Carry; - Flammable & Combustible liquids - Corrosives - Flammable & non flammable compressed gas - Poisons - Oxidizers

Facility Tanks

Categorized into 4 types - Above ground - Below Ground - Inside buildings - On top of buildings

Infection

Caused by exposure to harmful microorganisms that multiply and attack organs or cells. Not necessarily contagious

Desorption

Chemical Moves from inner surface onto the skin

Permeation

Chemical absorbed into the clothing fabric. It breaks down into three steps

Absorption

Chemical absorbs thru the outer surface of the material

Analyzing The Incident (2)

Collect hazard & Response info from the MSDS, CHEMTREC, CANUTEC, SETIQ, oval state and federal authorities, shippers and manufactures contacts

Land

Consider following factors that surround you

Secondary Contamination

Contact with people, equipment, or property that was originally contaminated.

Radioactive Yellow Labels II

Contain Low radiation levels. Maximum allowable is 50 mrem/hr on packages surface and 1 mrem/hr at 3 ft from the package. Placards in vehicles may not be required carrying these packages. - Fissile Class 2 - Iodine 131

Non Flammable Gas Class 2

Containers under pressure may rupture violently and depend upon their contents may cause - thermal - mechanical - chemical - asphyxiation

Cryogenic Tank Cars

Contains liquids at pressure of 25 psig or lower. Can refrigerate or store liquids at temps of -130F. The valves are located in the rear of the tank in a storage compartment.

Plum

Continuous vapor release, products drifts in the wind. (Looks like a train blowing smoke)

Topography

Contours of the land. - Is it Mountains or Flat ?

Changing the actions of the stressors

Cooling, extinguishing or closing valves

Signal Words for Pesticides

Danger: Deadly or Poison- Material is deadly Warning: Material will make you sick Caution: Material might make you sick

Medium Term

Days, weeks and months. Result from moderate to high hazard. Often lengthy or difficult. Moderate clean up is required

Excepted Packaging

Description: Designed transport low radioactivity material. Made out of fiberboard, sturdy wooden boxes, or steel crates. Requirements include; - Ease of handling - Reasonable strength for transport

Multi-Cell Packaging (NonBulk)

Description: Encase two or more bottles with liquid. Designed to protect the inner container.

Boxes (NonBulk)

Description: Generally hold other containers, therefore can contain almost any hazardous material.

Carboys (NonBulk)

Description: Glass or plastic "Bottles" that can be encased in other packaging. Generally holds liquids like - Acids - Caustics - Water

Portable Bins

Description: Hold 7,700 pounds. 4 feet wide and 6 feet high. Transports solids.

Pressure Tanks

Description: Hold compressed & liquified gases at internal Pressure. 100 - 500 psi. Capacity of up to 5,500 gallons

NonBulk Containers

Description: Holds Less than - 199 gallons (450 L) of liquids - 882 pounds (400 kg) of liquids - 1,001 pounds (454 kg) water capacity of compressed gas

Bulk Containers

Description: Holds greater than - 199 gallons (450 L) of liquids - 882 pounds (400 kg) of liquids - 1,001 pounds (454 kg) water capacity of compressed gas

Facility Containers

Description: Include Piping, open piles, reactors, or storage bins.

Lead Pigs (Type B)

Description: Industrial radiography. Is a lock on the side of the carry bar. Isotopes are an example of lead pigs.

Dewar Flask (NonBulk)

Description: Insulated containers that have double wall with vacuum between walls. Used to store substance at high or low temps. Such as cryogenic materials that is cooled in liquid states.

Vessels

Description: Is any watercraft used for transportation. Carry both intermodal & freight containers.

IMO-101 (Non-Pressurized tank)

Description: Known as IMO type 1. Built to withstand maximum allowed working pressure 25.4 - 100 psig. Capacity normal is 5,000 - 6,300 gallons. - Toxic (6.1) - Corrosive (8) - Flammable (3) with flash point below 32F

IMO-102 (Non-Pressurized tanks)

Description: Known as IMO type 2. Built to withstand Lowed maximum working pressure 14.5 - 25.4 psig. Capacity normal is 5,000 - 6,300 gallons. - Whiskey - Alcohols - Corrosives (8) - Pesticides, Insecticides - Resin - Industrial Solvents - Flammable Liquids (3) flash point of 32F - 140F

Bulk Boxes

Description: Made of multi-walled fiberboard and contains solids.

Jerricans (NonBulk)

Description: Metal or plastic containers in a shape of a rectangle or polygonal cross section. Used to hold liquids such as - Water - Fuels - Antifreeze

Casks

Description: Rigid metal packaging up to 10 feet and 50 feet diameter long. Carry radioactive sulfur.

Casks (Type B)

Description: Size is a 6 ft to 50 ft. Made out of steel or concrete. - Features include a rain cover - A lift device - Tie downs

Radioactive Material Storage (Type A)

Description: Stored in padded plywood box within another plywood box, then in a wooden box to be reinforced by steel bars. Painted with protective paint incase of fire.

Cryogenic Tank (Specialized tank)

Description: Tank within a tank. Contained in heavily insulated container. IMO Type 7. Transport hazard class 2.2 cryogenic liquids & refrigerated gases. - liquid argon - liquid oxygen - liquid helium - liquid nitrogen

Non-Pressurized

Description: Tanks holds liquids or solids at internal pressure up to 100 psi. Two types. IMO-101 and IMO-102

NonBulk Containers Topic

Description: There are 10 types of non bulk containers.

Radioactive Material Containers

Description: There are 3 types - Type A - Type B - Type C Note: Activity is a decay rate of radioactive material in a specific amount of time.

Bulk Containers Topic

Description: There are 6 types of bulk containers.

Tube Module

Description: Transport Pressurized gases that range up to 2,400 psi or higher. Made of several high pressure horizontal seamless steel cylinder. 9 - 48 inches in diameter. Permanently mounted in a open frame. - Nitrogen - Oxygen - Helium

Rail Tanks

Description: Transport hazardous materials - Double-shelf couplers - 1/2 inch steel head shield - Thermal protection to keep tank metal below 800 F & under direct flame for 30 mins.

Industrial Packaging (Type C)

Description: Transport low concentrations of radioactivity, considered to be limited threat to public & environment. Maybe in liquid or solid form. Packaged in glass or concrete.

Steel Drums (Type A)

Description: Transport radioactive materials (Type a) 55 gal. Removable top head, 4 vent holes, must be covered in weatherproof material, Inside another container within the steel drum. Must be able to breath incase of over pressure.

Type C

Description: Transport the more highly radioactive materials by air. Must satisfy all requirements of Type A and some of Type B. These packaging are submitted to numerous tests to withstand transport incidents and accidents.

Bulk & NonBulk Containers

Description: Types of containers - non bulk packaging - bulk packaging - radioactive material packaging - vessels - facility containers

Cylinders (NonBulk)

Description: Used for pressurized, liquified, refrigerated, and dissolved gases.

Bulk Bags

Description: Used for solid materials.

Type A

Description: Used to transport Low specific activity (LSA). Some Type A containers transport large amount of LSA or low level radioactive waste. 4 types of Type A containers.

DOT Spec .51 or IMO type 5

Description: Used to transport liquified gases & liquids - liquified petroleum gas - anhydrous ammonia - high vapor pressure flammable liquids - sodium - aluminum - motor fuel anti-knock compound

Type B

Description: Used to transport materials with high level radiation. Made out of lead, steel, or concrete.

Vapor Protective Clothing

Designed to protect responders from contact with extreme hazardous chemicals. It's used for chemicals that gives off vapor or gases that can be absorbed thru skin The SCBA inside of the suit

Respiratory Protection

Designed to protect you from - oxygen deficiency - elevated temps - products of combustion - exposure to toxic vapors or gases

Type A further information

Designed to withstand normal transport (Non accident) - Heat -Reduce air pressure - Cold - Vibration - Impact -Water - Compression -Penetration

Plan Initial Response (3)

Determine if you have the proper PPE to accomplish each job

The containment system

Determine the design and construction of the container, the amount of product involved, and the size of the breach

Endangered Area (Step 3)

Determine the surrounding conditions - the size of the breach - the size of the container - wind direction and speed

Contamination

Direct contact with the material usually as a result of the release

Supplie Air Respirator (SAR)

Distinctive trailing hose and small escape cylinder designed to provide 5-15 mins of air in case of emergency

Irregular

Doesn't follow any specific flow

Open Floating Roof Tank w/ Geodesic Dome

Dome is Geodesic

Cryogenic Liquid Tank

Double walled containers with metal outer skin separated from an inner skin by either vacuum or vacuum and insulated layer

Air line Respirator (Cons)

Duration of air supply Hose length (300 ft) Hose damage Mobility

Goals for stopping the event

E.g include containing the hazardous material to a confined area and possible removing exposure from the scene

Implement the Planned Response (1)

Establishing and enforce scene control - control zone - emergency decontamination - communications - evidence preservation

Analyzing The Incidents (3)

Estimate the potential harm at a hazmat incident

E

Etiological (E)

Evacuation

Evacuees should be sent upwind of the threatened area by a specific route. If they are contaminated they should be kept in safe refugee are (SRA) until decontaminated and received medical attention if necessary

Physical Hazard of Material

Fire and explosion hazard, extinguishing agents and reactivity

Gases 2.1

Flammable gas is any material - gas at 68F or less at 101.3kPa of pressure - Boiling point of 68F or less at 101.3kPa of pressure - Ignition at 101.3kPa or pressure mixture of 13% or less by volume with air - Flammable range of 12% of more

Keeping future events from occuring

Focus on prevention

Cryogenic Facility Tank

Found in research labs, medical centers and educational facilities. Either spherical or cylindrical. Capacity of permanent tank ranges from 500 - 420,000

Teratogens (Chronic Health Hazard)

Growth abnormalities in embryos or genetic modifications in cells

Class 1 Division 4

Have a number of properties in common - may contain more than 26g of detonation material - Explosive effect are largely contained in a package - Not cause projection of appreciable range of fragment size - External fire from these material must not cause instantaneous explosion

Facility and Transportation Containers

Have markings to distinguish one from another.

Ionizing Radiation

Hazardous bc it physically changes atoms. Can cause genetic mutations. It does not have an effect on containers bc the stronger the radiation the stronger its container (Beta, Alpha, ect)

Non- Ionizing Radiation

Hazardous material responders generally cannot control non- ionizing radiation. Its usually sun burns, due to solar radiation (Microwaves, ultraviolet, ect.)

Incidents involving Criminal or Terrorist activities

Hazards include! - Secondary events intended to incapacitate emergency responders - armed resistance - use of weapons - booby traps - secondary contamination from handling patients

Hazards of Tube Module

Hazards to responders include: - Potential explosive failure if impinged upon fire - High pressure of the materials in these cylinders

Liver

Hepatotoxins produce liver damage! Signs & Symptoms: Jaundice, liver enlargement Chemicals: Carbon tetra chloride, nitrosamines

Radioactive Yellow Labels III

Highest level of hazard. Maximum allowable radioactivity is 200 mrem/hr on the package surface and 10 mrem/hr at 3 ft from the package. Vehicles carrying this package must have radioactive placard yellow III. Applies even if cargo is in Type A package. - Fissile class 3 - High levels of Uranium, Plutonium, Plutonium Oxide

Routes of entry

How they enter the body

1st Section of EPA registration number

Identifies manufacturer

2nd Section of EPA registration number

Identifies specific product

Plan Initial Response (4)

Identify the emergency decontamination procedures

Emergency first aid procedures

Immediate action is exposure occurs and other medical guidance

HighWay Transport Vehicles

Including cargo tanks, will have metal certification plates with serial numbers, shippers identification number, placards.

Adjacent Land Use

Including rail lines, highways, and airports.

Intermodal Equipment

Including tank containers are identified by a metal certification plate with serial numbers, shippers identification number, placards and labels

Signs and Symptoms

Indicates the exposure has taken place

Transportation Index Box

Indicates the maximum radiation level measured in mR/hr so an example would be .2 and the maximum is 10

Responsible Party Contact

Info about the manufacturer and distributor

Permissible Exposure Limits

Info about the threshold limit value (TLV) or permissible exposure limits (PEL)

Active Ingredients

Ingredients in the product is identified and the percentage indicated. Inert ingredients are also shown but only in percentages.

Implement the Planned Response (2)

Initiate the incident management system for hazmat incident - don, working in - doff, PPE - Perform control functions in the incident plan for action

Harm

Injury or damage caused by being exposed to hazards of a material

Cone Roof

Inverted cone roof

Breakthrough Time

Is the time of initial chemical attack on the outside of the material until it's desorption and detected inside. Expressed in minutes or hours

Exposures

Items that could be affected by hazmat release such as - People - Environment - Property

J-FIRE

Joint FireFighting Integrated Response Ensemble: allows fire fighter to operate in chemical or biological environment and IDLH atmosphere

JS-LIST

Joint Service Lightweight Integrated Suit Technology

Hazard Zone A (Flammable liquids class 3)

LC50 <= 200 ppm (Most hazardous zone)

Hazard Zone A

LC50 <= 200 ppm (most toxic zone)

Hazard Zone C

LC50 >= 1,000 ppm <= 3,000 ppm

Hazard Zone B (Flammable liquids class 3)

LC50 >= 200 ppm <= 1,000 ppm

Hazard Zone B

LC50 >= 200 ppm, <= 1,000 ppm

Hazard Zone D

LC50 >= 3,000 ppm <= 5,000 ppm

Alpha Partricles

Largest & heaviest of all. Slowest as well, only 3-4 in. thru the air. If swallowed, inhaled, or in open wound can do damage.

Persistance

Length in time a chemical agent remains a liquid. Considered persistent if it remains a liquid longer than 24 hours

LCLo

Lethal Concentration Low

LDLo

Lethal Dose Low

Pool

Liquid spill that spreads equally in all directions

Cone

Liquid spills that flows with topography and widens at the farthest point in the release

Stream

Liquid that flows in a consistent width and length of spill

EPA or PCP ( Pesticide control product Canada)

Look for registration number Numbers is 2 or 4 sections long

Supplied Air Breathing Apparatus (SABA)

Looks like a regular SCBA but it has a hose attached to it, so the SCBA on the back of the responder is the emergency escape bottle.

Radioactive White Labels I

Lowest level hazard, almost have no radiation. Maximum allowable radioactivity is 0.5 mR/hr. Placards may not be required on vehicles carrying these packages - Fissile class 1 - chromium 51

Hydrogen Cyanide Markings

Markings on a pressurized tank car is a red line running across the tank horizontally, and at the ends a ride line circling the ends vertically.

Cryogenic Class 2.2

May also cause thermal due to extreme cold temp. and asphyxiation because chemical reaction may deplete oxygen

Orange Page (ERG)

May also give initial distance for hazard

Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods Class 9

May cause multitude of potential hazards that are agents and situation specific

Target Organ Effects

Means that a hazardous material harms a particular organ or system of the body.

M

Mechanical (M)

IP-1

Meet the same design requirements as excepted packages

Radioactive Class 7 (Cont'D)

Non-life-endangering amounts are in the following: - excepted - industrial - Type A Life-endangering amounts can be found in Type B packages

External Stress

Outside the Container

Box Cars

Owned by individual railroads marked on both sides with names and numbers identifying the shipper and its content

Filter/Sorbent Cartridge

Particles or contaminants go through the filter canister and it filters out all the bad stuff and allows for breathable air. Sorbents are chemicals that absorbs, adsorbs, or react with contaminants in the air.

Triage

Patients prioritized based on urgency (Tags)

Physical Degradation

Physical damage, rip, tear when in contact with abrasive surface

Punctures

Pierced containers and leaves a hole

P

Poisonous/Toxic (P)

Time (Exposure)

Possible even exposure maybe in contact area. Factors that influence the length and time are: - quantity of the material release - method of dispersion - speed of release

Health Hazards of Material

Potential Harmful Effects

Future Conditions

Potential for further exposure. Ask questions like - is the area densely populated ? - is the population concentrated near the incident ?

Vapor Pressure

Pressure exerted on the inside of a closed container by the vapor in a space above the liquid in a container

Black/Deceased

Priority Level: 0 Already dead or who's injury will be fatal even if they receive medical care. Given black tag

Red/Immediate

Priority Level: 1 Require immediate care if they are to survive. Seriously injured but with a chance of survival. Given red tag

Yellow/Delayed

Priority level: 2 less severe, non-life threatening. Give yellow tag

Green/Minor

Priority level: 3 Patient are referred to as "walking wounded" given green tags

Lungs Or Pulmonary System

Produces lung damage! Signs & Symptoms: Coughing, tightness in chest Chemicals: Silica, asbestos, hydrogen chloride

Defensive Response Action

Protection of the public fall into two general categories - evacuation - sheltering in place

Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)

Provides the highest level of respiratory protection available. Can be used in oxygen deficient atmosphere and allows for good mobility. 30 - 60 min bottles (OPEN CIRCUIT)

Evaluate the Progress

Response objectives are being met safely, effectively, efficiently. Communicate the status of the planned response.

Open Floating Roof Tank

Roof floats on the liquid surfae

R

Radiation (R)

Flammable (Explosive) Range

Range of gas or vapor concentration that will burn or explode if an ignition source is present. The value of flammable range is expressed as the concentration percentage of vapor-to- air.

Permeation Rate

Rate at which chemical passes thru the CPC material is generally expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per square min

Vapor density

Ratio of weight of a vapor to a weight of an equal volume of air Vapor density > 1 is heavier than air, will fall to ground when released Vapor density < 1 is lighter than air, will rise and dissipate when released

Specific Gravity

Ratio of weight of liquid or solid to the weight of an equal volume of water Specific Gravity > 1 is heavier than water and will sink Specific Gravity <1 is lighter than water and will float

Degradation

Reduces the effectiveness of protective clothing due to physical damage to the material or chemical break down of the protective surface and fabric

Chemical Reactivity

Release of energy by itself or in combination with another material. Also referred as instability

Important Info To Gather

Remember to look at the present conditions such as nature and extent of injuries and possible future conditions

Hopper Cars

Same as box car

Flat Cars

Same as box cars, hopper cars.

TEAM CPR

Seven types of hazards caused by harm

Horizontal Pressure Vessel

Single Shell and rounded ends

Spherical Pressure Vessel

Single uninsulated shell and white paint. (Looks like a ball tank sitting on spikes or legs)

Beta Particles

Smaller, but more penetrating than alpha. Travels further by several yards. Can get thru skin and clothes

Gamma Particles

Smallest, fastest and more penetrating than Alpha & Beta. Can pierce thru all PPE

Particle Size

Solids, is expressed by microns or percent passing thru a meshed screen.

Chemical Compatibility Chart

Specify the result of permeation testing for specific protective clothing material using various chemicals

Flammable Solids Class 4

Spontaneously combustible materials and dangerous when wet materials may cause thermal: from heat and flammability mechanical: material react spontaneously creating slip, trip and fall hazards. chemical: From water reactive, toxins and or corrosive materials

Precautions for safe Handling

Steps to take in event of a spill or leak

Low Pressure Facility tanks

Store materials at .5 - 15 psi - Atmospheric Horizontal Tank - Spheroid Tank - Nodes Spheroid Tank

Pressure Facility Tanks

Store materials at 15 psi and greater

IP-3

Subjected to IP-2 test & water spray, penetration test for Type A shipment of solids

IP-2

Subjected to same test as Type A for free-drop and stacking.

Physical & Chemical Responsibilities

Such as vapor density and boiling point

Analyzing The Incident (1)

Surveying the hazmat/WMD incident to determine the containers and materials involved have been released and surrounding conditions.

Green Pages (ERG)

Tables of initial isolation & protective action distance. It gives distance for chemicals with poisonous vapor hazards

Boiling Point

Temp. where liquid changes to vapor or gas. Flammable materials with low boiling point generally present greater problems

Corrosivity

Tendency to deteriorate in a presence of another substance or in particular environment

Land Use

The area residential, commercial, agricultural, or uncultivated?

Precautionary Statement (Pesticides)

The care that must be taken when using product. Includes "keep out of reach of children" "Restricted use pesticide" or "Hazard to humans or animals"

Penetration

The movement of a material thru opening in CPC

Bodies of Water

The number and Size in the vicinity

Types of Exposures

There are 2 - Acute - Chronic

Hazard Zone of Flammable Liquids Class 3

There are 2 Zones A, B

Types Of Stress

There are 3 types - Thermal: Temp extreme hot or cold - Mechanical: punctures, gouges, tear, breaks - Chemical: Corrosion on its container

Types of Rail Tanks

There are 3 types - non pressurized tank cars - pressurized tank cars - cryogenic tank cars

Hazard Zones of Poisonous Gases

There are 4 Zones A, B, C, D

Types of Breaches

There are 5

Dispersion

There are 7 types

T

Thermal (T)

Explosives Class 1

Thermal Injury: From the heat generated by explosion Mechanical injury: From shock, blast over pressure, fragments, structural damage Chemical injury: associated contamination Asphyxiation injury: from oxygen depleted due to burning Etiological injury: Contact with blood or other bodily fluids from victims

Corrosive Class 8

Thermal: from heat especially if the material is fuming and/or water reactive Chemical: Disintegration of contact tissue Mechanical: Chemicals like strong acids, that weaken structural elements

Oxidizer Class 5.1

They supply oxygen supporting combustion and are sensitive to heath shock, friction and contamination oxidizer may cause - thermal - mechanical - chemical

Disintegration

Total loss of container integrity, Explosion

TCLo

Toxic Concentration Low

TDLo

Toxic Dose Low

Toxic Class 6

Toxic/Poisonous Material and infections may cause thermal: products that are also flammable Chemical: toxicity by inhalation ingestion and skin and eye contact Etiological: either disease-causing organisms or toxins derived from living organisms

MC-306/DOT - 406 (Non-Pressurized)

Trucks transporting liquids at vapor pressure under 4 psig. Capacity up to 9,000 gal. - Fuel, Oil, Gas - Alcohol - Liquid Food Products - Flammable combustible liquids - Poisonous liquids *They have large oval ends*

Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (Closed Circuit)

Use of compressed oxygen or liquid oxygen rather than air. It last longer because it recycles exhaled air.

Vehicles, Transported Containers, Packages

Use the DOT placards, labels and identification number

Fixed Facility Containers

Use the NFPA 704 marking

MC-338 (Cryogenic Trucks)

Used to carry cryogenic liquids - Liquid argo - Liquid oxygen - Liquid nitrate * Has pressure range 25.3 - 500 psig. Capacity is 500 - 14,000 gal.*

Air line Respirators (Pros)

Useful during long duration hazmat incidents, decontaminations, or waste site activities. This advantage can become a disadvantage if it causes responder to "overwork"

Cloud

Vapor released in a single cloud. Complete release

Hemisphere

Vapor released that initially rises and spreads outward symmetrically. Occurs when there is no wind

Physical State

Wether solid, liquid, or gas. There are 6 states of changes. - Freezing - Melting - Condensation - Vaporization - Distillation: liquid - gas - liquid -Sublimation: solid - gas - liquid

Splits & Tears

When a seam or weld fails. Torn bags or split drum

Closure Opening

When discharge valve, safety valves or other closure applications break off

3rd Section of EPA registration number

Where product might be used.

Internal Stress

Within the Container

Long Term

Years and generations. Extensive clean up. Example is Chernobyl.

Analyzing The incident at operation level

You must not only recognize types of containers, labels, and marking but be aware of your surroundings. THINK ABOUT LAND!

Chemical splash protective clothing

designed to protect responders from contact with liquid chemicals. It does not protect against gases or vapors. Should not be used against liquids that give off vapor know to affect or be absorbed thru skin

Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC)

factors; -identify of the chemicals involved- physical chemical, and toxicological properties -Level of respiratory protection required - level of splash or vapor protection needed - protection against permeation, penetration, and degradation - potential for heat stress

Tank Cars

leased or owned by shipper. Marked on all 4 sides with a 3 letter abbreviation from the owner, followed by an "x" and number identifying the shipper and its content

Gases 2.2

non flammable gas has cylinder to represent compressed gas - Compressed gas - liquified gas - pressurized cryogenic gas - compressed gas in a solution