History Unit 5
Jawaharlal Nehru (1946-64)
The first PM of India who was one of the heads of the Indian National Congress (including Gandhi) and headed the Interim government before (and after) Independence. His daughter, Indira, followed him becoming the 2nd PM of India. In the movie he is the guy with the hat and he seems very kind hearted and well meaning. He got the position after Independence and held it until his death. However, he did split India into states that caused divides in language and culture thus separating India (1956)
Louis Mountbatten (1947)
The last viceroy (british ruler of India) ever. He makes a big speech and says that India and Br. will continue to have relations. Important because this is last of Br. rule in India
Sanja Gandhi
The son of Indira Gandhi who, before she was assassinated, died in a plane crash. He focuses on the problems caused by overpopulation in India so he gives money to states that control populations (some illegal ways). People hate him.. (INC)
Sonya Gandhi
The wife of Rajiv Gandhi who, after he is assassinated, takes over INC. She is italian, so when they offer her the position of PM, she declines because that would be wrong. To this day, though, she controls the party and who represents them and therefore much of the Indian political system.
Ahimsa
This idea of nonviolence adopted by Gandhi from Jainism and it taught that through nonviolent protest and general nonviolence, people could achieve great things and reach God.
family
This is a very major idea in Nectar in Sieve represented by Rukmani's life and her ______. They stay together and this helps get them through things together.
Change
This is a very major idea in Nectar in Sieve represented by the industrialization of India and the many ____s that the British bring to Rukmani's life.
poverty
This is a very major idea in Nectar in Sieve represented by the very hard life of Rukmani. They have little to no money and must service off of unreliable monsoons.
Communalism
In India, this was an attempt to make divides (ethnic, religious..) between Indians in order to have proper representation in the government. However it caused a divide between Muslims and Hindus who needed to be united to defeat the British.
President
In the Indian government system, this positions is equivalent to Br. queen. They are just a figure head and have little power.
Rajiv Gandhi (1984-1991)
One of Indira's sons who, after she dies, is basically forced to be PM of India. He leaves a happy life married to an Italian named Sonya and being an airplane pilot. The people of India, who hated Indira, suddenly realize that they "loved" her and so they want him for his legacy. He brings in technology to India. (INC)
5 year plan (1949, 1956)
communist idea where they plan 5 years ahead. The products they will need, the population, the economy... ect.
Kashmir
it is a princely state on the border of India and Pakistan. Since the prince is Hindu, he chooses to stay in India. But since the majority of his people are Muslim, Pakistan thinks they deserve it. It becomes a fight between India and Pakistan and then USSR and US and its a mess.
cold war (1947-1991)
the war between USSR and US that affected the entire world. When the Indians and Pakistanis were fighting, the US takes Pakistan's side (bc india "communists") and so USSR takes India's side. Basically using them as puppets for their fighting. During this war, nothing actually happens, it is just US and USSR getting a bunch of weapons and threatening.
1943
Famine in Bengal
Prime Minister
In the India government system, this position, like the Br., holds all the power. They can basically do whatever they want.
Irawaddy
Rukmani's daughter in Nectar in Sieve who was briefly a prostitute, couldn't have a baby, and then did at the end.
Jinah
the skunk man from the movie who was part of Indian National Congress but goes on the rule Pakistan as he is "Muslim."
Indian National Congress
A group constructed of Indians who were against British rule in the ____. There were moderates and extremists, but all wanted to break away from the British. In order to get to their goal, nationalists wanted to unite India against the British. They are a key part of Independence (ie gandhi)
NAM (non alinement movement/1961)
A movement created by Nehru that introduced the idea of India being a "third world country" during the cold war. Basically, they didn't want anything to do with the war and so they actively opted out
United Nations (1945)
A organization formed by the president of the Us (franklin) during WWII in order to foster peace. It is important because they recognize India as its own country which shows that everyone else thought it should be.
Indian Independence Act (1947)
An act enacted by the British that gave Indians independence and said that India would be split into Pakistan and India. They didn't think about the Muslim v. Hindus who weren't in right place and this causes much rebellion and rioting.
Non-cooperation movement (1920-22)
Movement by Indians to not cooperate with the British. They stop sending kids to school and overload the prisons. Gandhi is imprisoned as well causing uproar.
Goa (1961)
Portuguese give back ____. They have been chilling in India and finally India is free of foreigners
Indo-Pakistan War (1971)
Since Independence and the splitting of INdia, India and Pakistan have had very bad relations over land borders. This is when they actually declare war and FIGHT?
Indira Gandhi (1966-1984)
The 2nd PM of India and the 1st women PM who follows her father Neruh. She is elected because the majority of people (illiterate/uneducated) identify with her because of the legacy of her father. The men in the government think they will be able to control her so they elect her as well. She ends up being this super strong women and, because people were questioning her ideas, she calls a state of Emergency. She is hated, in the end, by many people and a sikh kills her because of Golden Temple Incident. (INC)
Kenny
The British doctor in Nectar in Sieve who helps Rukmani and her daughter have kids. He represents British rule and feeling towards India.
Muslim League (1906)
The British fully and openly supported them because they did not want Independence from the British but rather to coexist in a better way and they made Muslims the enemy of Hindus instead of the British
British government of India Act (1935-37)
The British give the Indian an interim government with this act. The moderates (INC) like it but the extremists say that its not enough.
moderates (INC)
The Indian National Congress branch that thought that India needed the British systems such as education and economy but still wanted to break away.
extremists (INC)
The Indian National Congress branch that thought that India should be rid of the British and so they refused British Rule. They were uninterested in anything to do with the British and their only goal was for India to self govern. They thought the British had given them the education to defeat them, so now that's what they would do
Roa (1991)
The PM that starts industrial privatization...
Puli
The adopted child of Rukmani in Nectar in Sieve who is with her in the city and teaches her the ways of that place. He also has no fingers.
Rukmani
The main character in Nectar in Sieve who goes through many troubles to show the struggles of being Indian at this time in her situation
Salt March (1930)
The march that Gandhi did to symbolically gather salt to show his defiance against Br. because they were the only ones aloud to gather/sell salt.
Golden Temple (1982-1984)
The most sacred place for Sikhs that they were rebelling near for their own country. Indira comes in and stops rebellion but, since their leader is hiding in the temple, kills him and desecrates the temple. This cause violent unrest and her eventual assassination. Date: Sikh violence
Pakistan
The north western part of India that was split off in the Indian Independence act. Them and India have very bad relationship so this causes lots of problems.
Kunthi
The prostitute/"friend" of Rukmani in Nectar in Sieve who Nathan cheats with and seems to ruin Rukmani's life
State of Emergency
When the PM calls a ______, they can basically do whatever they want. It is meant for war but rather gives the PM almost absolute power.
Cripp Mission (1942)
the mission led by Gandhi when the British (WWII) say that Indians will have to wait for Independence.
Nationalism
the movement in India that preceded Independence with the idea of wanting to be a nation free from the British. The ideologies were sweeping throughout India.
Bose INA (1941)
the rebel leader who was the opposite of Gandhi (ie. very violent) and helped prompt negotiations. It was: negotiate with Gandhi or face vicious attacks from this guy.
SAARC (south asian association for Regional Cooperation/1985)
an organization formed that included India. Its goal was to foster peaceful relations between the countries surrounding India. Its rules included: civil territorial borders and a zone of peace in the India ocean
Amritsar Massacre (1919)
A large population of Sikhs in Punjab (north) where protesting about their rights, and then ¿_____? (British general) came in and shot them all with no warning. The British try to push it off like it is some crazy general but many Indians and Br. begin to see that it is not just one but all and they should get out of India. Also, it gets many Sikhs into the movement for Independence.
Gandhi (1915-1948)
A very influential (now saintly) man in India who helped with Indian Indepdence. He was a hindu but his mom was jain so this influenced him (ie ahimsa/nonviolence). He goes to school in London where he saw new and ever changing religions, philosophies, and politics. Then he goes to south Africa (?) and learns the struggle of being a Indian under Br. rule. So he returns to India, makes a bunch of speeches, does some hunger strikes, and generally, nonviolently throws over the entire Br. system in India. He is very powerful and lives until he was assinated. Date: return to India-assassination.
Japanese (1944-45)
During WWII, the_____ invaded India in an effort to attack the British where they were weak. Their reasoning was a campaign called, "asians for asians," but really all they wanted was to hurt Br. They are eventually kicked out by Indians bc they tried to colonize.
WWII (1940s)
During ____, the British "promise" to give Indians Independence again after the war but the Indians wouldn't stand for it as the Br. also said this in other WW. Gandhi rebelled against this and so many Indians don't fight.
WWI (1914-18)
During_____, British say that they will give them independence after so Indians fight for them thinking after this they will be free. But afterwards, the Br. don't causing much distain.
Nathan
Rukmani's husband in Nectar in Sieve. He dies of disease and when he cannot provide for his family, this shows the gender roles of India.
Bangladesh (1951)
______ at this time was part of Pakistan though it was on the other side of India. They were called "east pakistan." They rebelled against "west pakistan" and won.
princely state
a state in India before Independence that was ruled by a prince. When splitting up Pakistan and India, they didn't account for them and so the princes decided where to move to.