HP1 EXAM 2 FLUID & ELECTROLYTE

a nurse is reviewing the laboratory results from a client who has prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI). which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse expect a. hyperkalemia b. hypernatremia c. hypercalcemia d. hypophosphatemia

a. hyperkalemia AKI is a loss of renal function that results in failure to maintain homeostasis. the nurse should expect hyperkalemia due to protein breakdown and the subsequent release of intracellular potassium into the circulation. the kidneys' inability to filter and excrete results in hyperkalemia

a nurse is assessing a client who has fluid overload. which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (select all that apply) a. increased HR b. increased BP c. increased RR d. increased HCT e. increased temperature

a. increased HR b. increased BP c. increased RR

nurse is assessing a client who is taking chlorothiazide sodium. the nurse recognizes which of the following as a manifestation of hypokalemia a. shallow respirations b. hypertensive crisis c. diarrhea d. hyperreflexia

a. shallow respirations a client's shallow respirations are a sign of weakness in the accessory muscles of breathing due to hypokalemia

nurse is caring for a client who had a total thyroidectomy and serum calcium level of 7.6 mg/dL. which of the following findings should the nurse expect? a. tingling of extremities b. hypoactive deep tendon reflexes c. shortened QT intervals d. constipation

a. tingling of extremities

the nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has a fluid volume deficit. the nurse would expect which of the following findings a. urine specific gravity 1.035 b. hematocrit 44% c. BUN 19 d. sodium 155

a. urine specific gravity 1.035 a client experiencing fluid volume deficit would manifest an increased urine specific gravity greater than 1.030

a nurse is caring for a client who has a postoperative ileus and an NG tube that has drained 2,500 mL in the past 6 hrs. which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse monitor the client for? a. elevated sodium level b. decreased potassium level c. elevated magnesium level d. decreased calcium level

b. decreased potassium level hypokalemia may be the result of a diuretic use, diarrhea, vomiting, and prolonged gastric suctioning

a nurse is caring for a client who has a nephrotic syndrome and is receiving high dose corticosteroid therapy. for which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse monitor a. hypermagnesemia b. hypokalemia c.hyperkalemia d. hypomagnesemia

b. hypokalemia if nephrotic syndrome is immunologic in origin, its often treated w administration of corticosteroids such as methylprednisolone. corticosteroid use can lead to hypokalemia, which features manifestations of muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmia

a nurse is reviewing the serum laboratory findings of a client who has hypertension and is prescribed hydrochlorothiazide. which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? a. sodium 136 b. potassium 2.3 c. chloride 99 d. calcium 10

b. potassium 2.3

a nurse is admitting a client who is dehydrated. which of the following BUN levels should the nurse expect the client to have upon admission? a. 3.1 b. 10 c. 16.5 d. 35

d. 35 clients who have dehydration can have decreased blood flow, which leads to decreased renal excretion of BUN. other causes of increased BUN levels include GI bleeding, HF, burns, shock, and MI

a nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has a K+ level of 3.0. which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as a potential causation factor? a. client prescribed spironolactone b. client has history of alcohol abuse disorder c. client reports drinking 3.5 to 4 L of water each day d. client has NG tube to gastric suction

d. client has NG tube to gastric suction this type of client is at risk for hypokalemia due to gastrointestinal loss of potassium

a nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for 4 clients. the nurse should recognize which of the following clients has a manifestation of hypoparathyroidism a. client w vitamin D level of 25ng/mL b. client w magnesium of 1.8 mEq/L c. client w calcium of 9.8 mg/dL d. client w phosphate of 5.7 mg/dL

d. client w phosphate of 5.7 this level is above expected reference range of 3.0 to 4.5. phosphorus levels are increased in client who has hypoparathyroidism

a nurse is providing instruction to a new nurse about caring for clients who are receiving diuretic therapy to treat heart failure. the nurse should explain that which of the following medications puts clients at risk for both hyperkalemia and hyponatremia a. furosemide b. hydrochlorothiazide c. metolazone d. spironolactone

d. spironolactone this medication is a potassium sparing diuretic. it blocks the effect of aldosterone in the renal tubules, causing a loss of sodium and water and the retention of potassium. the possible adverse reactions include hyperkalemia and hyponatremia

a nurse is caring for a client who sustained blood loss. which of the following is a manifestation of hypovolemia a. decreased HR b. dyspnea c. increased BP d. weak pulse

d. weak pulse a decreased volume of circulating blood and less pressure within the vessels results in weak peripheral pulses (rated +1), which can be described as thready