Human Survey and Disease integumentary System
Hemostasis requires: Blood vessels that respond to injury by undergoing vasoconstriction Adequate number of platelets Adequate number of coagulation factors All of the above
All of the above
Lymphatic tumors include: Hodgkin's lymphoma Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Lymphocytic leukemia All of the above None of the above
All of the above
Myocarditis can be caused by: Coxsackie Adenovirus Echovirus All of the above
All of the above
Risk factors for actinic keratosis include:
All of the above
Risk factors for seborrheic keratosis include: Age older than 50 Family history Sun exposure All of the above
All of the above
Shock is the inadequate blood flow to supply the needs of what? Cells Tissues Organs needs All of the above
All of the above
The cause of hypoplastic anemia is: Radiation Viruses Poisons
All of the above
Those with ____ should never participate in thrombolytic therapy. Recent head injury Bleeding ulcers Uncontrolled severed high blood pressure All of the above
All of the above
Which factor will increase the risk of thrombus formation? Stasis of blood Injured vessel walls Increased coagulability of blood All of the above None of the above
All of the above
Which factors influence edema? Hydrostatic pressure Oncotic pressure Lymph flow All of the above None of the above
All of the above
Which is a category of hemolytic anemia? Abnormal hemoglobin Abnormal shape Abnormal hemoglobin synthesis Enzyme defects All of the above
All of the above
Which is a congenital heart disease risk factor? Medications taken during the pregnancy Infections during pregnancy such as German measles Chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome Infections during pregnancy All of the above
All of the above
Which is a major type of cardiac congenital abnormality? - Fetal bypass pathways fail to close - Defects in the septum dividing the atria or ventricles - Abnormalities that obstruct blood flow through the heart, aorta or pulmonary circulation - Malformations of the aorta or pulmonary artery or connections to cardiac chambers - All of the above
All of the above
Which is considered a cardiac arrhythmia? Atrial flutter Ventricular fibrillation All of the above None of the above
All of the above
Which statement is correct regarding oxygenation and blood? - The pulmonary artery carries blood to the lungs that is oxygen depleted. -The pulmonary veins bring oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium. - All of the above - None of the above
All of the above
Which statement is true of Accutane? Accutane is used to treat severe acne. Accutane can cause severe multiple birth defects and miscarriage. All of the above None of the above
All of the above
Which statement is true of hemangiomas?
All of the above are true.
Anemia evaluation includes: -Complete blood count - Peripheral blood smear - Reticulocyte count -Lab tests for iron, B12, and folic acid - All the above
All the above
Which is essential for erythropoiesis? Iron Folic acid Vitamin B12 All the above
All the above
Thalassemia is the impaired synthesis of either the ____ or the ____.
Alpha hemoglobin chain, beta hemoglobin chain
Which statement is untrue about angioplasty? - A long, thin tube (catheter) is inserted into the narrowed part of the artery. - A wire with a deflated balloon is passed through the catheter to the narrowed area. - The balloon is inflated, compressing the atheroma against the artery wall. - Another catheter is left in the artery to help keep the artery open. - Some stents slowly release medication to help keep the artery open.
Another catheter is left in the artery to help keep the artery open.
Endocarditis is treated with:
Antibiotics and surgery
Which is not a defect of the Tetralogy of Fallot? Ventricular septal defect Aorta that overlies the right ventricle Pulmonary valve stenosis Right ventricular hypertrophy None of the above
Aorta that overlies the right ventricle
____ is the valve between the aorta and the left ventricle.
Aortic valve
Gangrene is caused by:
Arterial obstruction
A in "ABCDE" stands for:
Asymmetry
What is a chronic dermatitis of unknown etiology that very often occurs in patients with a history of allergy and allergic conditions, such as asthma and hay fever?
Atopic dermatitis
____ is another name for eczema.
Atopic dermatitis
The Epstein-Barr virus attacks:
B lymphocytes
The most common form of skin cancer is:
Basal cell carcinoma
____ is the inner layer which also covers the valves and is continuous with the endothelium that lines the vessels.
Endocardium
____ covers the external heart surface.
Epicardium
Seborrheic keratosis is a benign overgrowth of ____ and probably the most common benign tumor.
Epithelial cells
Which is not a white blood cell? Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Erythrocyte
Erythrocyte
Hyperplasia refers to:
Excessive proliferation of cells leading to an increase in the number of cells
Angina pectoris is chest pain brought on typically by ____ which increases the amount of ____ necessary for the myocardium to function.
Exercise, oxygen
What is a genetic mutation of the coagulation Factor V which causes an increased tendency to form abnormal blood clots?
Factor V Leiden
Cells are the largest units that fulfill the functions of life. t/f
False
Folic acid is not essential for the production of red blood cells. t/f
False
Hemoglobin has 6 globin chains.
False
Iron is not essential for the production of red blood cells. t/f
False
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium provides the lining of our mouth, esophagus, anus and vagina. t/f
False
Leukocytes are red blood cells. t/f
False
Risk for endocarditis include all but: Having artificial heart valves Congenital heart defects History of heart attacks History of intravenous drug use
History of heart attacks
Major and minor is used to designate which thalassemia states respectively?
Homozygous, heterozygous
People who are ____ for HbS are said to have ____ or sickle cell anemia.
Homozygous, sickle cell disease
Which is not a type of cardiomyopathy? Dilated Hypoplastic Hypertrophic Restrictive
Hypoplastic
____ is an acute highly contagious bacterial skin infection.
Impetigo
Polycythemia vera is a(n) ____ with no obvious cause.
Increase in red blood cell production
Hypertrophy refers to: Functioning cells of glands The supporting framework of an organ Reduction in the size of tissue Increase in size of an organ, tissue or cells Excessive proliferation of cells leading to an increase in the number of cells
Increase in size of an organ, tissue or cells
If a patient cannot take blood thinners or is at risk of recurrent embolism, a filter can be placed in the ____ to prevent emboli from getting to the lungs.
Inferior vena cava
Edema is the accumulation of fluid in the ____ space.
Interstitial
____ includes stable angina pectoris, unstable angina and myocardial infarction.
Ischemic heart disease
Which statement is incorrect about myocarditis? - It always present gradually as an active inflammation. - It can progress to cardiac failure. - Treatment is conservative, with bedrest and treating underlying conditions. - None of the above
It always present gradually as an active inflammation.
Which statement is correct about Epstein Barr virus?
It can be transmitted by kissing and sharing of glassware.
Which statement is not true of skin? It protects our bodies from damage and infection. It provides a barrier to losing or gaining water, UV radiation, and potentially harmful chemicals. It performs the first step in the synthesis of vitamin D. It has no nerve endings that respond to heat, cold, touch, pressure, vibration and pain.
It has no nerve endings that respond to heat, cold, touch, pressure, vibration and pain.
Which statement is not true of basal cell carcinoma? It represents 80% of all skin cancers. It is a fast growing tumor which does not usually metastasize or spread to other areas. It starts in the lowest layer of the epidermis which is the basal layer. It develops in areas where there's been extensive UV radiation exposure over time.
It is a fast growing tumor which does not usually metastasize or spread to other areas.
Which statement is incorrect about seborrheic keratosis? It is probably the most common benign tumor. It varies in size shape and color. It can vary from white to black, but usually is tan or brown. It appears in middle age to older adults. It is contagious.
It is contagious.
Which is not true of prolapsed mitral valve? The diagnosis made by cardiac echo. It is likely due to mitral valve thinning. Chest pain is the most prevalent symptom. It is most commonly treated with beta blockers. It may require antibiotic prophylaxis.
It is likely due to mitral valve thinning.
Which statement is incorrect about hemophilia? It is a deficiency of Coagulation factor VIII. It is sex-linked and affects females. It causes severe bleeding into joints and organs after minor injury. None of the above
It is sex-linked and affects females.
Which statement is not true of squamous cell carcinoma? It is the most common form of skin cancer. It is an aggressive lesion and can occur in membranes lining the natural body openings. It is common in areas exposed to UV radiation. It results from DNA damaged by UV radiation.
It is the most common form of skin cancer
Which statement about pulmonary edema is incorrect? - It occurs when the right ventricle cannot adequately pump the amount of blood returning from the lungs. - It causes a backup of blood into the lungs with fluid leaking into the alveolar sacs due to the buildup of pressure in the capillaries. - Treatment may include oxygen, diuretics to reduce blood volume and other medications to improve cardiac function. - None of the above
It occurs when the right ventricle cannot adequately pump the amount of blood returning from the lungs.
Hypertension can affect the ____ with decreased blood supply to the renal arterioles.
Kidney
Which statement about cholesterol is incorrect? The body makes most of its cholesterol. Cholesterol is not water soluble. LDL binds cholesterol and brings it back to the liver to be removed. Cholesterol is bound to lipoproteins to be transported in the blood.
LDL binds cholesterol and brings it back to the liver to be removed.
What types of cells are described as megaloblastic?
Large red blood cells
What are ecchymoses?
Larger hemorrhages into the skin
Mitral valve prolapse refers to the leaflets of the mitral valve prolapsing into the _____ when the ____.
Left atrium, ventricle
Which artery does not supply the myocardium?
Left marginal
Primary polycythemia, with an increase in white blood cell production, can lead to some patients developing
Leukemia
Which statement is incorrect about blood?
Leukocytes are red blood cells.
Shock can result from:
Low blood pressure
The spleen has phagocytic cells that filter and destroy microorganisms and foreign materials as ____.
Lymph flows through the lymph nodes
Melasma is due to increased production of ____ from hormones.
Melanin
"ABCDE" are the warning signs for:
Melanoma
____ is the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle.
Mitral valve
____ leave blood circulation and enter the surrounding connective tissue and become phagocytic.
Monocytes
Diffusion refers to:
Movement of dissolved particles from a higher concentration to a lower concentration
Osmosis refers to:
Movement of water from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution
____ is the thickest layer of the heart because it does contracts to pump blood out of the heart.
Myocardium
Which statement is correct regarding sickle cell? - Sickle cell trait means homozygous for HbS. -Sickle cell anemia means heterozygous for HbS. - Sickle cell affects mostly South Asian women. -None of the above
None of the above
Which statement is incorrect concerning coarctation of the aorta? - Coarctation of the aorta is a narrowing of the aorta usually where the ductus arteriosus inserts. - Coarctation can cause high blood pressure or blood damage. - Surgery is used to treat coarctation of the aorta. - All of the above - None of the above
None of the above
Ocular albinism affects ____ and is sex-linked.
Only the eye
With hemochromatosis, the accumulation of iron leads to:
Organ damage
Which represents atrial depolarization and atrial systole?
P wave
Which represents the time it takes for the depolarization of the atrium to the ventricles?
PR interval
Adult low dose aspirin therapy reduces the risk of all but: Thrombus formation Pancreatic cancer Cardiovascular damage Stroke Colon cancer
Pancreatic cancer
____ is the lining of the pericardial sac.
Parietal pericardium
Angioplasty and stent placement is also referred to as ____.
Percutaneous coronary revascularization
Warts that go under and around toenails and fingernail are called:
Periungual warts
Rosacea is a chronic skin disorder that causes:
Persistent facial erythema
What are the small purplish pinpoint spots in the skin caused by thrombocytopenia?
Petechiae
Warts that grow inward on the soles of the feet are called:
Plantar wart
Fibrinolysis is the process of breaking down fibrin, accomplished by ____.
Plasmin
Risk factors for endocarditis include all but: Artificial heart valves Congenital heart defects A history of endocarditis Damaged heart valves Premature ventricular contractions
Premature ventricular contractions
The integumentary system ____.
Protects the body
____ is a chronic skin disorder characterized by scaling and inflammation. In 80% of the cases it's characterized by raised inflamed lesions with a silvery white scale.
Psoriasis
As a diagnostic test for pulmonary embolus, ____ has dye injected into the pulmonary vasculature.
Pulmonary angiography
The ductus arteriosus is a shunt between the ____ and the aorta.
Pulmonary artery
____ is the valve between the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle.
Pulmonary valve
Which represents ventricular contraction and systole?
QRS complex
Which statement about hemoglobin is incorrect? -RBCs contain hemoglobin which carries oxygen from the tissues to the lungs. -It carries CO2 from the tissues to the lungs. -Hemoglobin has 4 globin chains. -It has two alpha chains. It has two beta chains
RBCs contain hemoglobin which carries oxygen from the tissues to the lungs.
Which is not a treatment for cardiomyopathy?
Radiation therapy
Which is not a treatment of coronary artery disease?
Radiation therapy
Hemochromatosis is a:
Recessive genetic disorder
Hemangioma is a ____ made of small blood vessels and capillaries present at birth.
Red to purple benign tumor
Atrophy refers to:
Reduction in the size of tissue
Septic shock is caused by:
Release of inflammatory mediators
The treatment for secondary polycythemia is:
Removal of blood
Which is not a type of shock?
Renal shock
Valve stenosis and valve regurgitation is a complication of:
Rheumatic heart disease
____ is an inflammatory skin disorder that causes a facial erythema of unknown etiology. It can progress to papules and pustules. It can become severe and the nose becomes swollen and bumpy.
Rosacea
Presence of ____ indicates more severe myocardial infarction.
ST segment elevation (STEMI)
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disorder that is characterized by ____ and ____.
Scaling, inflammation
Pulmonary embolus will typically present with ____ and ____.
Shortness of breath, chest pain
A cardiac echo does not provide information about the:
Sinoatrial node
Actinic keratosis, also known as ____, is a ____ skin condition.
Solar keratosis, precancerous
A blood test of myocardial infarction measure ____ that have leaked from the dead myocardial fibers.
Specific cardiac enzymes and proteins
With hereditary spherocytosis, red blood cells are:
Spherical
If left untreated, up to 20% of actinic keratosis will develop ____.
Squamous cell carcinoma
Which is not a primary cause of thrombosis in arteries?
Stasis
Which statement about hypertension is incorrect? - Primary hypertension makes up about 95 percent of all hypertension cases. - Increased blood pressure in secondary hypertension is due to some other disease such as kidney disease. - Elevated blood pressure increases the cardiac workload, causing left ventricular enlargement. - Increased cardiac work can lead to heart exhaustion and symptoms of heart failure. - Statistically, a blood pressure greater than 130 over 80 is considered hypertension.
Statistically, a blood pressure greater than 130 over 80 is considered hypertension.
Human skin is made up of:
Stratified squamous epithelium
Treatment for warts does not include:
Strong acid
Primary polycythemia treatment is with medication to ____.
Suppress the overactive bone marrow
Which represents ventricular diastole and repolarization of the ventricles?
T wave
____ is the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle.
Tricuspid valve
Basophils secrete histamine and heparin. t/f
True
Diastole is when the ventricles are relaxed and are able to fill with blood. t/f
True
Eosinophils are increased in allergic individuals. t/f
True
Erythropoiesis is the formation of red blood cells. t/f
True
Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia. t/f
True
Metaplasia refers to the ability of the cell to be able to change from one type of cell to another type of cell. t/f
True
Platelets are cytoplasmic fragments of megakaryocytes. t/f
True
The cusps of the AV valves are connected to the papillary muscle by violin string type fibers called chordae tendineae. t/f
True
The epicardium is the external heart surface and is composed of simple squamous epithelium. t/f
True
The heme ring break down into porphyrin and excreted as bile. t/f
True
Veins bring blood to the heart and are thinner walled due to the lower pressure relative to the arteries. t/f
True
Vitamin B12 is essential for the production of red blood cells. t/f
True
When the RBCs leave the bone marrow they have a collection of ribosomes and are called reticulocytes. t/f
True
Sickle hemoglobin differs from normal hemoglobin A by a substitution of ____ for glutamic acid in the sixth amino acid of the alpha chain.
Valine
____ is when the electrical signals are not coordinate and there is squirming and uncoordinated contractions.
Ventricular fibrillation
____ is the covering of the heart.
Visceral pericardium
Coagulation factors produced by the liver require ____ for their synthesis.
Vitamin K
What kind of trait is G6PD deficiency?
X-linked recessive trait
Hodgkin's lymphoma typically occurs when?
Young adulthood
E in "ABCDE" stands for:
evolution
Blood does not transport hormones. t/f
false
Columnar cells line blood vessels and the alveolar sacs in the lung. t/f
false
Hyperplasia refers to an increase in size of an organ, tissue or cells. t/f
false
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium has the top layer of flat cells that are covered by a layer of dead cells which contain keratin and are coated with a water repellant. t/f
false
Platelets are small cells. t/f
false
Arteries carry blood away from the heart and are thicker walled than veins. t/f
true
Lysosomes are spherical organelles in the cytoplasm that contain digestive enzymes. t/f
true
Necrosis refers to cells that are dead and have undergone structural changes. t/f
true
Stroma is the supporting framework of an organ. t/f
true
Systole is when the ventricles contract. t/f
true
Transitional epithelium lines the bladder. t/f
true
People who are ____ for HbS are said to have ____ and rarely have symptoms.
Heterozygous, sickle cell trait
Tinea capitis is ____contagious and affects ____ in the scalp.
Highly, children
Basophils secrete:
Histamine
____ is a nail fungus affecting toenails.
Tinea unguium
Anemia from blood loss can be caused by: Trauma Surgery Ulcer Excessive menstruation All of the above
All of the above
Blood transports: Oxygen Nutrients Metabolic wastes All of the above
All of the above
____ is the breakdown of red blood cells and is a category of anemia.
Hemolysis
____ is a strong acne medication that is associated with severe multiple birth defects and miscarriage if conception occurs during treatment.
Accutane
____ occurs when old skin cells trap sebum and oil in the hair follicles.
Acne
What is not used to determine the occurrence of a myocardial infarction?
Alanine transaminase
____ is a hereditary recessive disorder characterized by the absence of melanin.
Albanism
What is the Reed Sternberg cell? A small single nucleated cell associated with Hodgkin's disease A large single nucleated cell associated with lymphoma A large multinucleated cell associated with Hodgkin's disease None of the above
A large multinucleated cell associated with Hodgkin's disease
What is a wheal?
A localized elevation of the skin that is pale in the center and may have a red periphery and may have itching
G6PD deficiency is:
A red cell enzyme deficiency
What is a papul
A small bump or pimple
What is a macule?
A small colored spot of the skin
What is a vesicle?
A small fluid-filled sac
What is a pustule?
A vesicle filled with pus
Which cancer primaries can metastasize to lymph nodes? Breast Colon Lung All of above
All of above
Dysplasia refers to:
Abnormal development of cells
Basal cell carcinoma represents ____ of all skin cancers.
80%
____ is a genetically determined abnormality where the red blood cells are spherical in shape.
Hereditary spherocytosis
The suffix ____ means decreased.
-penia
Myocarditis is caused by all but which virus?
Herpesvirus
Vitiligo risk factor does not include:
Being male
____ major causes a severe hemolytic anemia.
Beta thalassemia
Which is not a diagnostic test for pulmonary embolus?
CBC
As a diagnostic test for pulmonary embolus, ____ has dye injected into the arm so the vessels in the lungs and legs become visible to detect pulmonary embolus.
CT scan
Metaplasia refers to:
Cells changing to another type of cell
Necrosis refers to: Cells changing to another type of cell Abnormal development of cells Cells that are dead and have undergone structural changes Movement of dissolved particles from a higher concentration to a lower concentration Movement of water from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution
Cells that are dead and have undergone structural changes
____ is a deep infection that extends to the subcutaneous tissue.
Cellulitis
Melasma is also known as:
Chloasma
Hemophilia is the deficiency of ____.
Coagulation factor VIII
____ is a narrowing of the aorta usually where the coarctation inserts.
Coarctation of the aorta
C in "ABCDE" stands for:
Color
A ____ is a left to right shunt.
Congenital septal defect
What is a localized inflammation of the skin due to an exposure to an allergen?
Contact dermatitis
____ uses a vessel from another part of the body as a graft to bypass a blocked coronary artery.
Coronary artery bypass
Apocrine sweat glands release ____ into their secretions which are distributed throughout the body.
Cytoplasm
Which is not a risk factor for coronary artery disease? Elevated blood cholesterol and lipoproteins Elevated blood pressure Daily aspirin Diabetes Overweight and obesity Stress
Daily aspirin
Seborrheic dermatitis or ____ is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder involving the sebaceous glands and affects ____.
Dandruff, the head and trunk
Valvular heart disease in the US is on the ____. Rheumatic fever used to be a ____ cause of heart disease.
Decline, major
____ is an inflammatory rash accompanied by pruritus, vesicles, flaking and erythema.
Dermatitis
Cardiac catheterization procedure is used to:
Diagnose and treat many heart and blood vessel conditions
D in "ABCDE" stands for:
Diameter
Thrombolytic therapy is a treatment used to: Dissolve dangerous clots in the blood vessels Maintain current blood flow Prevent calcification of tissues and organs None of the above
Dissolve dangerous clots in the blood vessels
In utero, the ____ allows the blood from the right ventricle to bypass the lungs and go directly to the aorta.
Ductus arteriosus
____ is a connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta that allows the blood from ____ to bypass the lungs and go directly to the aorta.
Ductus arteriosus, the right ventricle
The ____ is a way of evaluating the heart by measuring electrical activities.
ECG
Hypertension is ____ blood pressure that affects close to ____ percent of the world population.
Elevated, 20
The blood returning to the right atrium is venous blood which is high in oxygen and low in carbon dioxide content. t/f
False
The left ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonary valve to the aorta. t/f
False
The outer layer is the endocardium which also covers the valves and is continuous with the endothelium that lines the vessels. t/f
False
The right ventricle pumps blood through the aortic valve to the lungs. t/f
False
Thrombin converts ____ into ____.
Fibrinogen, fibrin
Warts that form around the mouth and look like they have a thread sticking out of them are called:
Filiform warts
Warts that grow on the arms and legs are called:
Flat warts
____ is an infection of a hair follicle.
Folliculitis
____ is an infection of hair follicles, and ____ are deeper infections of hair follicles.
Folliculitis, furuncles
Which statement about the foramen ovale is incorrect? - The foramen ovale is an oval shaped communication between the right and left atrium. -Starts to close after birth to form the fossa ovale, a depression in the atrial septum. -For the vast majority of the patient population with Patent foramen ovale, it is a problem. - Up to 25% of the population may have PFO.
For the vast majority of the patient population with Patent foramen ovale, it is a problem.
Coronary artery disease is narrowing of the coronary arteries due to:
Formation of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries
Parenchyma refers to:
Functioning cells of glands
Vitamin K is synthesized in the:
Gut
Cardiomyopathy is a condition where the ____ is abnormal, making it hard to pump and deliver blood to the rest of the body and can lead to ____.
Heart muscle, heart failure
____ is a recessive genetic disorder where there is an increased absorption and storage of iron in the body.
Hemochromatosis
Anemia from ____ can be caused by drug reactions and mechanical heart valves.
Hemolysis
Which statement is incorrect about coronary artery disease? - The initial event is injury to the endocardial cells. - The macrophages absorb cholesterol and lipid from the blood. - The macrophages take on a foamy appearance and are called foam cells. - The smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts proliferate. - There is deposition of fibrin.
The initial event is injury to the endocardial cells.
Which is not true of a septal defect? - A congenital septal defect is a left to right shunt - The size and shape of the defect determines the degree of shunting - Septal defects can vary from a pinhole size to total absence of the septum - All of the above - None of the above
The size and shape of the defect determines the degree of shunting
Stroma refers to:
The supporting framework of an organ
Which statement is not true of vitiligo? Vitiligo is a loss of melanin. It presents with white patches of skin. It affects men and women of all races. There are no risk factors. Different parts of the body may be affected.
There are no risk factors.
Platelets are also called:
Thrombocytes
Coagulation involves the formation of ____ by either the intrinsic or extrinsic pathway.
Thromboplastin
____ is highly contagious and affects children in the scalp.
Tinea capitis
____ affects the smooth skin of the body, the arms and the legs.
Tinea corpori
____ is also known as jock itch and generally affects the groin and thighs.
Tinea cruris
____ causes scales to form on the soles of the feet and in between the toes.
Tinea pedis
____ is a cluster of furuncles.
carbuncle
