INFERTILITY

The nurse is providing counseling to a group of sexually active single women. Most of the women have expressed a desire to have children in the future but not within the next few years. Which of the following actions should the nurse suggest the women take to protect their fertility for the future? Select all that apply. 1. Use condoms during intercourse. 2. Refrain from smoking cigarettes. 3. Maintain an appropriate weight for height. 4. Exercise in moderation. 5. Refrain from drinking carbonated beverages.

1,2,3,4

A couple who has been attempting to become pregnant for 5 years is seeking assistance from an infertility clinic. The nurse assesses the clients' emotional responses to their infertility. Which of the following responses would the nurse expect to find? Select all that apply. 1. Anger at others who have babies. 2. Feelings of failure because they can't make a baby. 3. Sexual excitement because they want so desperately to conceive a baby. 4. Sadness because of the perceived loss of being a parent. 5. Guilt on the part of one partner because he or she is not able to give the other a baby.

1. Anger at others who have babies. 2. Feelings of failure because they can't make a baby. 4. Sadness because of the perceived loss of being a parent. 5. Guilt on the part of one partner because he or she is not able to give the other a baby.

A client is to receive Pergonal (menotropins) injections for infertility prior to in-vitro fertilization. Which of the following is the expected action of this medication? 1. Prolongation of the luteal phase. 2. Stimulation of ovulation. 3. Suppression of menstruation. 4. Promotion of cervical mucus production.

2. Stimulation of ovulation

a client is receiving Pergonal intramuscularly for ovarian stimulation. which of the following is a common side effect of this therapy? 1. piercing rectal pain 2. mood swings 3. visual disturbances 4. jerky tremors

2. mood swings Mood swings and depression are common side effects of the hormonal therapy.

A client who is undergoing ovarian stimulation for infertility calls the infertility nurse and states, "My abdomen feels very bloated, my clothes are very tight, and my urine is very dark." Which of the following is the appropriate statement for the nurse to make at this time? 1. "Please take a urine sample to the lab so they can check it for an infection. "2. "Those changes indicate that you are likely already pregnant." 3. "It is important for you to come into the office to be examined today." 4. "Abdominal bloating is an expected response to the medications."

3. "It is important for you to come into the office to be examined today."

A couple is seeking infertility counseling. During the history, it is noted that the man is a cancer survivor, drinks one beer every night with dinner, and takes a sauna every day after work. The response provided by the nurse should be based on which of the following? 1. It is unlikely that any of these factors is affecting his fertility. 2. Daily alcohol consumption could be altering his sperm count. 3. Sperm may be malformed when exposed to the heat of the sauna. 4. Cancer survivors have the same fertility rates as healthy males.

3. Sperm may be malformed when exposed to the heat of the sauna.

A couple has been told that the male partner, who is healthy, is producing no sperm "because he has cystic fibrosis." Which of the following explanations is accurate in relation to this statement? 1. Since the man is healthy, he could not possibly have cystic fibrosis. 2. Men with cystic fibrosis often have no epididymis. 3. The expressivity of cystic fibrosis is variable. 4. Cystic fibrosis is a respiratory illness having nothing to do with reproduction.

3. The expressivity of cystic fibrosis is variable. Cystic fibrosis can be expressed in a number of ways. Some affected individuals have very serious illness resulting in early death, while others experience few symptoms.

A client is to have a hysterosalpingogram. In this procedure, the physician will be able to determine which of the following? 1. Whether or not the ovaries are maturing properly. 2. If the endometrium is fully vascularized. 3. If the cervix is incompetent. 4. Whether or not the fallopian tubes are obstructed

4. 4. Whether or not the fallopian tubes are obstructed The primary goal of a hysterosalpingogram is to learn whether or not the fallopian tubes are patent.

A 28-year-old woman presents to the fertility clinic with concerns about her unexplained infertility. She has regular menstrual cycles, and both partners have normal fertility parameters. What intervention might be appropriate for her? A) Laparoscopy B) IVF with preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) C) Clomiphene citrate D) Intrauterine insemination (IUI)

A) Laparoscopy Rationale: Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure used to visualize and evaluate the pelvic organs, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. It can help identify and treat underlying causes of unexplained infertility, such as endometriosis or pelvic adhesions.

A 32-year-old woman presents to the fertility clinic with concerns about her recurrent miscarriages. She has a history of two consecutive pregnancy losses in the first trimester. What intervention might be appropriate for her? A) Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) B) Antiphospholipid antibody testing C) Hysterosalpingography (HSG) D) Endometrial receptivity analysis

B) Antiphospholipid antibody testing Rationale: Recurrent miscarriages may be associated with antiphospholipid syndrome, an autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Antiphospholipid antibody testing can help diagnose this condition and guide appropriate management.

A 32-year-old woman presents to the fertility clinic with a history of irregular menstrual cycles and pelvic pain. She reports difficulty conceiving for the past two years. What condition might be contributing to her infertility? A) Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) B) Endometriosis C) Uterine fibroids D) Ovarian failure

B) Endometriosis Rationale: Endometriosis is a common cause of infertility due to the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, which can lead to pelvic adhesions and distortion of the reproductive anatomy.

A 38-year-old woman presents to the fertility clinic with concerns about her age-related decline in fertility. She has regular menstrual cycles but has been unable to conceive for over a year. What intervention might be appropriate for her? A) Ovulation induction B) In vitro fertilization (IVF) C) Endometrial receptivity analysis D) Hysterosalpingography (HSG)

B) In vitro fertilization (IVF) Rationale: In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a common fertility treatment for women experiencing age-related decline in fertility, as it bypasses many of the challenges associated with advanced maternal age.

A 36-year-old couple presents to the fertility clinic after trying to conceive for two years. The woman has regular menstrual cycles, and the man's semen analysis shows decreased sperm motility. What intervention might be appropriate for them? A) In vitro fertilization (IVF) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) B) Testicular sperm extraction (TESE) with IVF-ICSI C) Intrauterine insemination (IUI) D) Gonadotropin therapy with timed intercourse

B) Testicular sperm extraction (TESE) with IVF-ICSI Rationale: In cases of severe male factor infertility, such as decreased sperm motility, testicular sperm extraction (TESE) can retrieve viable sperm directly from the testes for use in in vitro fertilization (IVF) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

A 28-year-old woman with a history of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) presents to the clinic concerned about her fertility. She reports a previous ectopic pregnancy and chronic pelvic pain. What condition might be affecting her fertility? A) Ovarian cysts B) Tubal factor infertility C) Cervical factor infertility D) Uterine factor infertility

B) Tubal factor infertility Rationale: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) can lead to tubal scarring and blockage, resulting in tubal factor infertility, where the fallopian tubes are unable to transport the egg and sperm effectively.

A 34-year-old man presents to the fertility clinic with concerns about his low sperm count. He has a history of cryptorchidism and underwent surgical correction as a child. What intervention might be appropriate for him? A) Varicocelectomy B) Testicular biopsy C) Intrauterine insemination (IUI) D) Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

D) Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) Rationale: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a fertility treatment where a single sperm is injected directly into an egg, often used for male factor infertility such as low sperm count or poor sperm motility.

A couple in their late 30s presents to the fertility clinic after trying to conceive for over a year without success. The woman has regular menstrual cycles, and the man's semen analysis shows normal parameters. What intervention should the nurse suggest? A) Ovulation induction B) Intrauterine insemination (IUI) C) In vitro fertilization (IVF) D) Timed intercourse with ovulation prediction kits

D) Timed intercourse with ovulation prediction kits Rationale: In couples with unexplained infertility and normal fertility parameters, timed intercourse with ovulation prediction kits can optimize the timing of intercourse during the woman's fertile window.

What is clomid?

a non-steroidal synthetic antiestrogen use to induce ovulation. typically discontinued after 3 cycles of use.

what are some nursing considerations for patients taking clomid?

advise the couple to have intercourse every other day for 1 week, after 5 days of starting the medication.

what are some nursing considerations for patients taking pregonal?

advise the couple to have intercourse every other day for 1 week, after 5 days of starting the medication.

what are some risk factors for secondary infertility?

age, eating disorders, egg reserve, recurrent miscarriages, complications from past childbirth, hormonal imbalances, uterine factors, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome

what are the causes of female infertility?

fallopian tube blockage, endometriosis, tubal infection, uterine fibrosis, benign polyps, polycystic ovarian syndrome, premature ovarian failure, too much prolactin, unexplained

What are some lab and diagnostic tests for infertility?

home ovulations predictor kits, clomiphene citrate challenge test, hysteroalpingogram (laparoscopy)

what is secondary infertility?

is when you are struggling to get pregnant, even though you had a pregnancy before

what is primary infertility?

is when you are suffering from infertility and have never been pregnant before.

What are some reasons why couples can't get pregnant?

not ovulating, male infertility, age, blocked fallopian tubes, endometriosis, underlying medical conditions

what are the causes of male infertility?

obesity, age, alcohol, cancer, illegal drugs, past or present infections, overheating the testicles, trauma to the testicles, low sperm production, previous illness

what is in vitro fertilization or IVF

oocytes are fertilized in the lab and transferred to the uterus. usually indicated for patients suffering from tubal obstruction, endometriosis, pelvic adhesions, and low sperm counts.

How do we assess infertility in women?

ovarian function, pelvic organs

What can cause infertility?

ovulation disorders, age, uterine fibroids and endometrial polyps, hormone imbalances, infections, varicocele

what can cause primary infertility?

poor sperm quality, ovarian disorder, tubal factor, uterine factor, genetic causes

what are some nursing interventions when caring for a patient who is struggling with infertility?

respect the couple, educate patients on counseling, stress management, advocacy, assistance with financial strategies

How do we assess males for infertility?

semen analysis, sexual characteristics, external and internal reproductive organ examination, digital prostate examination

What is human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) or PERGONAL

stimulates ovarian follicles to induce ovulation