Intro to Human Nutrition Midterm

measles

An infection that is more likely to kill a a child with PEM is _______.

GI tract, accessory organs

2 major components of the digestive system

Trigylcerides

A molecule consisting of three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol

celiac disease

A serious viral infection or severe emotional stress may activate ______ in a genetically susceptible person.

insulin is secreted by the pancreas

How does the body respond to an increase in blood glucose?

women

IBS is more common in

sensation of incomplete elimination, constipation, loose stools.

IBS symptoms

inadequate

In metabolic disorder, serious diseases, and during prenatal development, the body makes ______ amounts of conditionally essential nutrients.

small intestine

Major site of chemical digestion and absorption

must be supplemented by the diet

Nutrients that become conditionally essential ______.

starch and glycogen

Polysaccharides that contain hundreds of glucose molecules bound together into large chainlike structures include ______.

3-4

The stomach empties in about ____ hours depending on the contents and size of the meal..

biological and physiological

The taste, smell, and texture of foods and the internal sensations of hunger and thirst are ______ factors that influence food selections.

megadose

The term used to describe the intake of a vitamin or mineral that greatly exceeds the recommended amount is a

epidemiological

The type of research conducted when an investigator measures the frequency of diabetes in different populations is termed ______________________ studies.

positive blood test, damaged villi

What confirms the diagnosis of celiac disease?

ammonia

What is the highly toxic compound produced in the liver that is made to removed nitrogen from the body?

phosphorus and two fatty acids

What is the structure of a phospholipid molecule?

peptide bond

chemical link between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid.

oxidation

chemical process that alters the compound's structure.

hereditary, environment

contributes to the cause of celiac disease

large intestine

elimination of waste products

Lecithin

example of a phospholipid

cancer, heart disease

example of chronic disease

thrombus

fixed bunch of clots that remains in place and disrupts blood flow.

corn oil, soybean oil

good food sources of polyunsaturated fats

probiotics

live microorganisms that play a role in maintaining good health for their human hosts.

galactose, fructose, glucose

monosaccharide examples

water-soluble compounds

nutrients that are absorbed into the hepatic portal vein and eventually to the liver before they enter the general circulation

beta-carotene and caffeine

phytochemicals that could have positive health benefits?

denaturation

process of altering the three dimensional structure of a protein by treatment with heat, acids or agitation

test tube study

type of study has very few confounding variables

enzyme deficiency

what causes PKU?

kidney disease

A person with which disease and an elevated BUN is often advised to eat less protein?

unsaturated fatty acids

Liquid corn oil is a rich source of:

20

Proteins are chains made from _________________ different amino acids.

GI tract

a hollow, muscular tube that extends approximately 16 feet in length

trans fat

what does the hydrogenation process produce?

dysbiosis

An imbalance in the beneficial and detrimental gut microbial populations promotes

carbon

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and vitamins are considered organic because they contain ________.

lactose

Milk and other dairy products are major food sources of

Cholesterol

Soluble-fiber improves heart health by binding to ______ in the GI tract

marasmus

The form of protein-energy malnutrition referred to as starvation is known as

glycogen

The muscle and liver are major sites for the storage and formation of ______.

higher

The pH of household ammonia is ______ than the pH of lemon juice.

digestive enzymes intrinsic factor mucus and hydrochloric acid

components of gastric juice

lactose

formed when galactose and glucose are bonded together

lecithin

most abundant phospholipid in food.

wasting, weakness

signs of marasmus

celiac disease

Anemia, liver disease, osteoporosis, and intestinal cancer can result from untreated