Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatitis

what is hep D?

delta-virus. cannot survive on its own. contracted same way as hep b.

Hepatitis B virus

low risk in the US; high in Africa, Asia, south america.

do you get hep A again after you've had it?

no. your body makes antibodies.

how can hep A be prevented?

wash hands, vaccine, hygiene

what is hep C almost always related to?

IV drug use.

diagnosis for hep C?

blood test for HCV-AB, the antibody.

does hep A usually turn chronic?

no. it is usually acute and the liver regenerates itself.

what supplies the blood to the liver?

hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery

is hep E fatal?

almost never.

which is the worst hepatitis?

Hep C.

who are recommended to be vaccinated for hep B?

all infants. anyone who is high risk with blood. IV drug users. people in healthcare or risk of infection at their jobs. travelers to regions where it is prevalent.

what is treatment for hep B?

usually patients will fight off by themselves, unless they get the chronic version, which is treated with anti-virals.

how do we prevent hep A?

vaccination.

what is the leading cause of acute liver failure in the US?

drug induced, so tylenol and alcohol.

what is another cause of hepatitis?

drug induced. tylenol

symptoms of hep B

flu and liver. extreme tiredness, mild fever, HA, loss of appetite, diarrhea, skin rash, jaundice.

hepatitis A initial symptoms

flu symptoms. extreme tiredness, loss of appetite, muscle aching and pains, nausea vomiting

what do you have to have in order to contract hep D?

hep B. patients are more sick because they have both.

planning for hepatitis?

relief of discomfort, resumption of normal activity, return of liver function if possible

can hep B live outside the body?

yes!

kidneys are what, liver is what?

kidneys are glass. liver is steel.

prevention of hep C?

no vaccine- working on it. prevention of IV drug use and/or use of dirty needles and equipment.

hep A later symptoms

yellowing jaundice, itchy skin, dark urine, light BMs, stomach pain

what is a possible complication of hep b?

liver cancer.

in end stage cirrhosis, would the AST and ALT be high?

might not because might normalize over time

What are the true tests for liver failure?

Albumin, bilirubin and PT.

what are the Hep B antibodies?

HBsAG, HBeAG= most infectious. antibodies are: anti-HBs, or HBsAB= immunity or post infection.

what are hep C symptoms?

can be latent, with no symptoms. if they have symptoms, jaundice is about 68%, flu-like is 55%, dark urine and white stools about 30%. may have nausea, itchy skin, joint pain.

acute interventions for hepatitis?

rest. assess levels of jaundice. small, frequent meals.

what is 2/2/2/2 rule of hep A?

2 doses IM, signs/symptoms for 2 months, contagious 2 wks before jaundice appears, PEP within 2 weeks of exposure

how can Hep A be diagnosed?

HAV, IGM. antibodies- short term. IGG- long term.

what is hep E?

RNA virus most likely found in contaminated drinking water.

any time your patient is confused, what is a good serum test to administer?

ammonia level. especially liver patients.

how is hep B transmitted?

blood, secretions, body fluids, laterally- mother to child. examples would be unprotected sex, needle stick, tattoo.

what is the treatment for hep C?

cure is called Harvoni, but it is $70,000. antiviral therapy with ribivirin and interferon. people don't like the antivirals because the side effects are flu-like.

what will all the labs show for liver, except albumin?

high. AST, ALT, LDH, Alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, ammonia, PT, INR. Albumin will be low.

who should get vaccinated?

homosexual, travel to countries with hep A, blood clotting problems, drug users, chronic liver disease.

nursing diagnoses for hepatitis

imbalanced nutrition less than body requirement, activity intolerance, ineffective therapeutic management

other functions of the liver

immunologic, blood storage, plasma protein, clotting

functions of the liver

makes steroids and hormones, makes aldosterone- retain Na+ and H2o, metabolizes carbs, protein and fat. storage of vitamins, minerals. coagulation. forms and stores bile.

can hep B be transmitted during hugging, kissing, sneezing, sharing food or drinks?

no. must be something like a razor or toothbrush because may have blood.

how is hep C transmitted?

sharing dirty needles. sharing personal items. using infected equipment, like at a medical office or tattoo parlor. blood transfusions prior to '92.

if hep B patients have the chronic infection, what is different?

they will be on medications

how is hep E transmitted?

think E=enterococcal. fecal-oral route. contaminated drinking water, warm tropical climates.