m
During which phase of pain transmission do chemicals released by damaged cells stimulate nociceptors (peripheral sensory nerves) A, Transduction B, Modulation C, Perception D, Transmission
A, Transduction
Which of the following is not part of the immune system? A. Lungs B. Thymus gland C. Tonsils D. Spleen
A. Lungs
One of the unique manifestations of sickle cell disease is __________, a type of pneumonia triggered by decreased hemoglobin and infiltrates in the lungs.
Acute chest syndrome
Which type of lymphocyte is responsible for cellular immunity? a) T lymphocyte b) Plasma cell c) B lymphocyte d) Basophil
a) T lymphocyte
Hereditary hemolytic anemias are referred to as __________.
Thalassemias
What blood test shows signs of infection
CBC
__________ develops when client lacks intrinsic factor
Pernicious anemia
A 15-year-old client arrives at the clinic and informs the nurse that he attended 2 weeks of summer camp last month and now is not feeling well with complaints of sore throat, fever, and very tired. The nurse observes white exudate on the tonsils. What test does the nurse anticipate the physician will order for this client?
Monospot test
The characteristics of infectious mononucleosis includes all of the following, except: A) Usual age is 15 to 25 years old. B) The fever is irregular. C) The incubation period is 10 to 14 days after exposure. D) Enlargement of lymph nodes is often generalized.
The incubation period is 10 to 14 days after exposure.
A client is suspected of having an immune system disorder. What laboratory test would the nurse expect to be ordered during the initial blood studies? A. Blood Chemistry B. Complete blood count (CBC) C. CBC with differential D, Liver enzyme studies
C. CBC with differential
Infectious mononucleosis is caused by which virus? A. Zika Virus B. Enterovirus D68 C. Epstein Barr Virus D. Herpangina Virus
C. Epstein Barr Virus
What type of immunity develops asa result of having an infection with a specific microorganism? A. Naturally acquired passive immunity B. Artificially acquired passive immunity C. Naturally acquired active immunity D. Artificially acquired active immunity
C. Naturally acquired active immunity
Your clients hemoglobinis 12.4. From this la value you can expect what intervention? A. Client will receive 2 units of PRBC B. Client will receive an Iron transfusion C. No intervention is needed D. Client will be placed in isolation for neutropenia
C. No intervention is needed
On the WHO stepladder,, Morphine is given at what level? A. Mild B. Moderate C. Severe D. Scale of 5 or greater
C. Severe
WHAT ELEMENT IS CONSIDERED THE MOST IMPORTANT IN BLOOD CLOTTING FORMATION? A: Potassium ( K ) B: Sodium ( Na ) C: Calcium (Ca) D: Vitamin K E: Vitamin B12
C: Calcium (Ca)
You are caring for three clients who have the following blood count values: Client A has 24,500/mm3 white blood cells (WBCs), client B has 13.4 g/dL hemoglobin, and client C has a 250,000/mm3 platelet count. Which statement correctly describes the condition of each client?
Client A has a higher WBC count than normal, client B has a normal hemoglobin count, and client C has a normal platelet count.
Nursing guidelines for assisting with a bone marrow aspiration. The nurse should implement all of the following except a) Follow standard precautions b) Instruct the client to lie on the opposite side of the site for at least 10 minutes c) Limit the clients activity for approximately 30 minutes after the procedure d) Apply direct pressure followed by a pressure dressing to the site
Instruct the client to lie on the opposite side of the site for at least 10 minutes
The nurse is assigned to care for a client with polycythemia vera. When the nurse encourages the client to drink 3 L of fluid per day, the client states, Why do I have to drink so much? What is the best response by the nurse?
It helps adequately hydrate you and ensures a sufficient urine production.
The rate of erythrocyte production is regulated by __________, a hormone released by the kidneys.
erythropoietin
Albumin plays a key role in forming blood clots.Albumin plays a key role in forming blood clots
false
When a nurse reviews a clients complete blood count, what findings is most suggestive that the client is at risk for acquiring an infection ? A. low number of platelets B. low number of erythrocytes C. low number of granulocytes D. low number of agranulocytes
granulocytes
A(n) __________ is used to diagnose pernicious anemia, macrocytic anemia, and malabsorption syndromes
Schilling test
A 16-year-old male client is in the burn unit following a motor vehicle accident. The nurse notes nonpitting edema in the client's left calf. What would the nurse document about this finding?
Secondary edema of the left calf
You are caring for a client who is undergoing bone marrow aspiration to determine the blood cell formation status. What nursing intervention should you provide to your client during the test?
Support the client and monitor the status.
A client is admitted to the hospital where he is diagnose with iron deficiency anemia, Which assessment finding would most likely be present? A. The blood pressure is low B. The heart rate is slow and O2 is 90% C. The client is experiencing fatigue, and dyspnea with minor physical exertion D. The client states that he feel hot all the time
The client is experiencing fatigue, and dyspnea with minor physical exertion
A client is found to have a low hemoglobin and hematocrit when laboratory work was performed. What does the nurse understand the anemia may have resulted from? Select all that apply
Blood loss Abnormal erythrocyte production Destruction of normally formed red blood cells
Organs and structures that are primarily involved in allergic reactions include all of the following except a)Skin b) Brain c) GI tract d) Blood
Brain
The nurse is admitting a client with Cooley's anemia to the hospital with a hemoglobin of 6.2 g/dL and hematocrit of 26%. What does the nurse document about the client's skin?
Bronzing of the skin
A client is positive for HIV and will need to start on antiretroviral therapy, the client is concerned and states that he can't afford the therapy. The nurse inform the client about what largest source of public funding is available A. Affordable care act (ACA) B. Medicaid C. Medicare D. AIDS drug assistant program (ADAP)
B. Medicaid
When a nurse administers a drug that suppresses the clients immune system, What is the client most likely to develop? A. Allergic reaction B. Opportunistic infections C. Malignant cancers D. Acquired anemia
B. Opportunistic infections
A patient presents to the ED with symptoms that include severe pain, anemia, localized ischemia, fever, and swelling in one or more joints what is one of possible diagnoses? A. FLU B. Sickle cell crisis C. Stroke D. Myocardial infarction
B. Sickle cell crisis
A client is showing sign and symptoms of sickle cell disease, what diagnostic test would confirm the disease? A. Blood cell count B. Sickledex test C. Sickle bloodcell test D. RAST test
B. Sickledex test
A client has been diagnosed with pernicious anemia. She says" I'm worried because my grandmother died of the disease years ago." What nursing explanation is most accurate? A. We have come a long way in furthering life expectancy B. We now give Vitamin B12 to control the disease C. Regular blood transfusions keep the disease in remission D. Bone marrow transplant is the only cure for this disease
B. We now give Vitamin B12 to control the disease
After completion of a bone marrow aspiration, what is most important for the nurse to monitor? A. Fluctuations in the blood pressure B. bleeding from the puncture site C. Changes in the clients pulse D. Level of Consciousness
B. bleeding from the puncture site
When performing a physical assessment of a client in the early stages of Hodgkin's disease, what is the most likely findings when the nurse palpates the client's lymph nodes? A. the lymph nodes are fixed and hard B. the lymph nodes are enlarged and painless C. the lymph nodes are small and firm D. The lymph nodes re swollen and tender
B. the lymph nodes are enlarged and painless
Blood type is ascertained by identifying the protein, or __________, on the red cell membranes.
Antigen
The nurse needs to monitor clients taking medications that can contribute to hematopoietic dysfunction. Medications that interfere with the hematopoietic system include: A) Filgrastim (Neupogen) B) Warfarin (Coumadin) C) Epoetin alfa (Epogen) D) Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta)
B) Warfarin (Coumadin)
A client diagnosed with polycythemia vera has come into the clinic because he has developed a nighttime cough, fatigue, and shortness of breath. What complication would you suspect in this client?
Congestive heart failure
A client with non-Hodgkin's disease is admitted to the hospital. In discussing the client's care with the nursing assistant, which nursing explanation is most correct in relation to the medical management of the disease? A) Radiation and chemotherapy B) Analgesic and antipyretic therapy C) Corticosteroid therapy D) Complex decongestive physiotherapy
A) Radiation and chemotherapy
Where are red blood cells made?
bone marrow
Which blood cell type is matched correctly with its function? a) Plasma cell: cell-mediated immunity b) B lymphocyte: secretes immunoglobin c) T lymphocyte: humoral immunity d) Leukocyte: fights infection
d) Leukocyte: fights infection
How is infectious mononucleosis spread
salavia contact
A client has a history of sickle cell anemia with several sickle cell crises over past 10 years. Although it is a genetic disorder, sickle cell is found primarily in African Americans. How many African Americans does it affect in the United States? a) 1 in 900 b) 1 in 625 c) 1 in 1000 d) 1 in 750
1 - 625
Which nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug might be administered to inhibit platelet aggregation in a patient at risk for thrombophlebitis? 1) Ibuprofen (Motrin) 2) Celecoxib (Celebrex) 3) Aspirin (Ecotrin) 4) Indomethacin (Indocin)
3) Aspirin (Ecotrin)
THE HIV VIRUS IS : 1. A DOUBLE LAYER OF PROTEIN THAT SURROUNDS A STRAIN OF DNA. 2. A SINGLE CELL WITH PROTEINS EMBEDDED IN ITS MEMBRANE. 3. A DOUBLE LAYER OF LIPID MATERIAL THAT SURROUNDS TWO SINGLE STRAINS OF RNA. 4. A STRAIN OF DNA SURROUNDED BY CAPSID.
3. A DOUBLE LAYER OF LIPID MATERIAL THAT SURROUNDS TWO SINGLE STRAINS OF RNA.
The nurse is caring for four clients on the medical-surgical unit of the hospital. What client is mostly likely to be receiving treatment for sickle cell crisis?
A 19-year-old African American male
The nurse is assisting the physician with obtaining a sample to determine the status of blood cell formation. What type of procedure will the nurse have prepared the client for?A bone marrow aspiration
A bone marrow aspiration
A client who has undergone a hemigastrectomy has been diagnosed with pernicious anemia. The client asks the nurse what might have caused her problem. Which of the following is the nurse's best response? A) "You are no longer able to absorb vitamin B12 because of your surgery." B) "You are most likely to have less stomach acid and you will have difficulty absorbing vitamin B12." C) "You are most likely not receiving enough folic acid in your diet." D) "You are no longer using iron adequately in your body because of your surgery."
A) "You are no longer able to absorb vitamin B12 because of your surgery."
The client is recovering from a motorcycle accident. His physician prescribed piate pain medication to manage his pain following surgery. Which contraindication applies to opiate analgesics? A, Do not administer if respirations are less than 12 breaths/minute. B, Do not administer if the client consumes only a vegetarian diet. C, Do not administer if the client is a smoker. D, Do not administer if the BP is higher than 120/80 mm/Hg.
A, Do not administer if respirations are less than 12 breaths/minute.
According to Tomi Swift what rekigous group refusses to have blood product due to religous reasons?
According to Tomi Swift what rekigous group refusses to have blood product due to religous reasons?
A client comes to the walk-in clinic complaining of weakness and fatigue. While assessing this client, you find evidence of petechiae and ecchymoses. You note that the spleen appears enlarged. What would you suspect is wrong with this client
Aplastic anemia
A teenage girl goes into the clinic for treatments of STIs on a regular basis; what other test should be performed on the girl? A. TB test B. HIV screening C. Pregnancy test D. Candida screening
B. HIV screening
A nurse is preparing to administer a varicella immunization to a client. which of the following question should the nurse ask? A. "Are you allergic to eggs"? B. Are you allergic to baker's yeast? C. Are you pregnant? D. Do you have history of Guillain-Barre syndrome?
Are you pregnant?
A client diagnosed with Hodgkin's disease is at risk for infection related to immunosuppression and drug or radiation therapy. To assist the client to remain free of infection, the nurse should implement which of the following? A) Divide cares into manageable amounts. B) Restrict visitors with infections from contact with client. C) Avoid drugs administered by parenteral route. D) Keep the neck in midline and place the client in high-Fowler's position.
B) Restrict visitors with infections from contact with client.
A woman undergoing a modified radical mastectomy is at risk for ineffective tissue perfusion and lymphedema. A nursing intervention to prevent compromised flow of lymphatic fluid to the upper extremities includes: A) Assisting the client during periods of ambulation B) Supporting and elevating the arm on the side of the mastectomy C) Administering IM injections in the arm on the side of the mastectomy D) Applying an elastic roller bandage to the affected arm for 24 to 48 hours
B) Supporting and elevating the arm on the side of the mastectomy
When reviewing the laboratory data of a patient with HIV, the nurse sees that the T4-cell count is 350/mm^3. What classification for HIV infection does the nurse identify this patient is in? •A. Category 1 •B. Category 2 •C. Category 3 •D. Category 4
B. Category 2 •
A 16 year old female is experiencing fatigue, fever, sore throat, headache and her tonsil oozes white or greenish exudate what causes this type of symptoms? A. Streptococcal throat infection B. Epstein-Barr virus C. Hodgkin's disease D. Tonsillitis
B. Epstein-Barr virus
The nurse is instructing an unlicensed health care worker on the care of the client with HIV who also has active genital herpes. Which statement by the health care worker indicates effective teaching of standard precautions? A) ''I need to know my HIV status, so I must get tested before caring for any clients." B) ''Putting on a gown and gloves will cover up the itchy sores on my elbows.'' C) ''Washing my hands and putting on a gown and gloves is what I must do before starting care.'' D) ''I will wash my hands before going into the room, and then put on gown and gloves only for direct contact with the client's genitals."
C) ''Washing my hands and putting on a gown and gloves is what I must do before starting care.''
A client reports feeling tired, cold, and short of breath at times. Assessment reveals tachycardia and reduced energy. What would the nurse expect the physician to order? A) ECG B) Antibiotic C) CBC D) Chest radiograph
C) CBC
A client involved in a motor vehicle accident requires a blood transfusion due to excessive bleeding injuries. The client is typed and crossmatched for the blood transfusion and is tested as having type AB blood. What blood type would be compatible for this client? A) Type A blood B) Type B blood C) Type O blood D) Type A , Rh-positive blood
C) Type O blood
The nurse is educating the client regarding nutrition and the prevention of anemia and low hemoglobin. The nutrients involved with red blood cell formation include all of the following, except: A) Vitamin C enhances the absorption of folic acid and iron. B) Vitamin E protects blood cells from hemolytic anemia. C) Vitamin B12 serves as a coenzyme in hemoglobin formation. D) Iron is the basic nutritional component of heme in hemoglobin.
C) Vitamin B12 serves as a coenzyme in hemoglobin formation.
A 20-year-old client is experiencing a sickle cell crisis. Which of the following interventions is indicated for this client? A) ROM exercises every 2 hours B) Fluid restriction of 1 L/day C) Administration of antidiarrheal medication D) Assessment of client's pain every 4 hours
D) Assessment of client's pain every 4 hours
A client requires injection of parenteral iron for treatment of iron-deficiency anemia. The proper route and site for administration of parenteral iron includes which of the following? A) Subcutaneous, arm B) Intramuscular, gluteus C) Intramuscular, arm D) Intramuscular, Z-track, gluteus
D) Intramuscular, Z-track, gluteus
ALL ARE THE RISK FACTORS FOR STROKES EXCEPT? A. ATRIAL FIBRILLATION B. HEREDITY C. HISTORY OF STROKE D. AGE OLDER THAN 40
D. AGE OLDER THAN 40
A woman comes into clinic to get treated with antibiotic for the condition of lymphadenitis, all of the these are sign and symptoms associated with the disease, EXCEPT A. Enlarge lymph nodes B. Red streaks on the arm and leg C. fever D. Cervical lymph node enlargement
D. Cervical lymph node enlargement
A nurse is providing teaching about autoimmune disorders, which statement by the client indicates a correct understanding? A. I will be cured of the autoimmune disorder B. I will need no more pharmacologic therapy C. I will be asymptomatic by avoiding immunologic triggers D. I will be in remission or have occasional exacerbation
D. I will be in remission or have occasional exacerbation
A client has had a splenectomy following a serious motor vehicle accident. The parent ask the nurse if there are any special considerations following the surgical removal of the spleen. What is the most correct response? A. The client is susceptible to anemia because the spleen produces red blood cells B. the client is susceptible to acidosis because the spleen maintains acid base balance C. The client is susceptible to bleeding because the spleen synthesizes vitamin K D. the client is susceptible to infection because the spleen removes bacteria from the blood
D. the client is susceptible to infection because the spleen removes bacteria from the blood
A 55-year-old female client has developed lymphedema postmastectomy. What is the common method used to promote lymphatic drainage and prevent edema in all clients with lymphedema?
Elevate the affected part of the body.
A client informs the nurse that he is having a difficult time coping with seasonal allergies and have taken some over-the-counter medications to assist with control of symptoms. What results would indicate to the nurse that the client does have allergies?
Elevated eosinophils
A client with end-stage renal disease has a decreased red blood cell production. What medication can the nurse administer with physician's order that will increase the production of erythrocytes
Epoetin alfa (Epogen)
A client is seeing the physician at the clinic and tells the nurse he is fatigued and short of breath with minimal exertion. What lab study may reflect a decrease in transport of oxygen?
Erythrocyte count
Treatment for sickle cell disease is curative rather than supportive
False
Yellow bone marrow manufactures blood cells and hemoglobin. A. True B. False
False
A client is suspected of having leukemia and is having a series of laboratory and diagnostic studies performed. What does the nurse recognize as the hallmark signs of leukemia? Select all that apply.
Frequent infections Easy bruising Fatigue from anemia
A 15-year-old client with hemophilia sustains a leg laceration after falling off of his skateboard and is brought to the emergency department. The laceration is bleeding profusely even with direct pressure to the site. What does the nurse anticipate will be ordered for administration to control bleeding?
Fresh frozen plasma
polycythemia vera what are the signs and symptoms of complication for this disease
Headaches, dizziness, and weakness.
is the manufacture and development of blood cells.
Hematopoiesis
Macrophages attack and destroy foreign substances to the body. Where does this action occur?
In the lymph node
A client has been diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma but has no symptoms at this time. The client has received radiation and chemotherapy with responsiveness to this treatment. How would this disease be classified according to the lack of symptoms and responsiveness to treatment?
Indolent
What is the type of immunity that a person gets when they receive a killed or partially weakened microorganism ? A. Naturally acquired passive immunity B. Artificially acquired passive immunity C. Naturally acquired active immunity D. Artificially acquired active immunity
Naturally acquired active immunity
A client with a diagnosis of pernicious anemia comes to the clinic complaining of numbness and tingling in his arms and legs. What do these symptoms indicate
Neurologic involvement
What blood type is the universal donor no matter what the blood type of the recipient
O
A client with multiple myeloma is complaining of severe pain when the nurse comes in to give a bath and change position. What is the priority intervention by the nurse?
Obtain the pain medication and delay the bath and position change until the medication reaches its peak.
A client is scheduled for a Schilling test in the morning. What diagnostic results would be indicated if the test is positive? Select all that apply.
Pernicious anemia Macrocytic anemia Malabsorption syndromes
A compleet blood count indicates that a client is anemic. What disorder in the health history is most likely contributing to the reduction in red blood cells?
Renal Failure
Which adverse effect should the nurse closely monitor in a client who takes immunosuppressive drugs?
Respiratory or urinary system infections
A patient who has been taking high doses of cyclophosphamide for the treatment of acute leukemia states that he is having pain and burning on urination and has noticed blood in the urine. What does the nurse identify has occurred?
The patient has developed sterile hemorrhagic cystitis
A client is volunteering to donate blood for the second time and was mailed a letter telling him that he has type AB blood. If the client requires a blood transfusion in the future, what type of blood must he receive?
They can receive blood from persons with any type of blood if the RH factor is compatible.
The nurse caring for an older adult with a diagnosis of leukemia would encourage the client to use an electric razor. Why?
Trauma and microabrasions may contribute to anemia.
In adults, the normal amount of hemoglobin is 12.0 to 17.4 g/dL.
True
Some antibiotics and cancer drugs contribute to hematopoietic dysfunction.
True
The lymphatic system filters and destroys pathogens and removes other potentially harmful substances.
True
The need for iron increases during periods of rapid growth, pregnancy, and the female reproductive years when intermittent blood loss accompanies menses.
True
A client is seen in the emergency department with severe pain related to a sickle cell crisis. What does the nurse understand is occurring with this client?
Vascular occlusion in small vessels decreasing blood and oxygen to the tissues.
What are the complications and issues that a person with Hodgkin's can display
Weak immune system
A client is being treated for anemia and has a hemoglobin level of 9.6 g/dL. What does the nurse understand is the basic nutritional component of heme in hemoglobin that the client may be deficient in?
iron
When a nurse reveiws a clients complete blood count, what findings is most suggestive that a client is at risk for infection?
low number of granulocytes
What type of iimmunity develops due to infection with a disease
naturally acquired active immunity
For a client with low blood pressure what position would be the best to put them in to elevate their Blood pressure
sit them up
A client has been diagnosed with pernicious anemia. During client education the nurse emphasizes the importance of lifelong intramuscular administration of: a) Folic acid b) Vitamin C c) Vitamin B12 d) Vitamin A
vitamin B12
