Management Final (Chapter 18 notes)

Which of the following theories were accepted by the developers of the four-drive theory of motivation? Check all that apply. When people have unfulfilled needs, they are dissatisfied. When people fulfill their needs, they become more satisfied. The need that people feel as strongest depends on the needs that they have already fulfilled. People have innate underlying needs.

1, 2, 4

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory

1. Physiological needs 2. Safety Needs 3. belongingness needs 4. esteem needs 5. self-actualization needs

Effort x Performance

Ability (E to P)

belongingness needs

Affiliation such as family, friendships, and intimacy

The student who knows almost immediately how well he or she did on a test is high on this dimension, but the employee who hasn't talked to his or her boss for a year is probably low. A. Feedback B. Skill Variety C. Task Identify D. Task Significance

Feedback

Ashami just had a meeting with Shared, a new employee. Shared said that his goal was to produce 5 articles a month, but Ashami knows that the last employee in the position was able to write 15 articles a month. Which goal is he having problem with?

Goal Specificity

Expectancy Theory Equation

Motivation = Effort x Performance x Reward --> Satisfaction

Physiological needs

Required for survival—food, water, shelter, and oxygen

Performance x Reward

Result (P to O)

Teachers who believe that they can change the world one child at a time are high on this dimension. A. Feedback B. Skill Variety C. Task Identify D. Task Significance

Task Significance

Reward --> Satisfaction

Valence (Perceived Value)

In Herzberg's two-factor theory, increases in recognition are considered_________ .

motivators

People who like persuading others to do work and who can generate strong positive emotions in others are likely to have a high__________ . They will be especially good when taking charge of complex organizations and bureaucracies.

need for power

Which of the following sentences should I use to increase P→O expectancy?

Any employee who increases sales by 10% this month will receive a reward.

self-actualization needs

Desire to grow and develop into the best person he or she can be

___________ refers to information people receive about how well they are doing on reaching a goal.

Feedback

Lyle's manager just handed him a list of goals for the year. Because Lyle had no say in setting these goals, he isn't sure that they are the right ones for him, and as a result, he isn't very motivated to accomplish them. Which goal is she having problem with?

Goal Acceptance

Safety Needs

Secure and protected physical and emotional environment

esteem needs

Self-image, self-confidence, achievement, and respect

Managers who use financial incentives to reinforce behavior can expect the following:

To satisfy the employees' lower-level needs To see a temporary increase in the rewarded behaviors

Which of the following sentences should I use to increase E→P expectancy?

You asked for new promotional posters last week—I've gotten those for you.

Oscar Lorenza,_____________ manager, believes that his employees are highly motivated and skilled. He gives them autonomy when doing their work and seeks consensus in decision making for the team.

a Theory Y

a student that has to the highest grade in the class or they are not satisfied has a high need for _______

achievement

According to the_________ , people differ in how much they want power, achievement, and affiliation. In order to motivate them, you have to offer them the relationships, accomplishments, or influence they want most.

acquired needs theory

someone who gets along with everyone in a group and avoids problems with other team members has a high need for _________

affiliation

You are a new manager, and your boss just told you that your team is highly curious. They are always asking questions about organizational practices and procedures.It sounds to you like your team has a high drive to__________

comprehend

he Navy is no place to disobey a command, but last week, Seaman Steve neglected to do anything when Petty Officer Paul told him to swab the decks. Oddly enough, Seaman Steve is noticing that Petty Officer Paul isn't issuing as many orders as he used to. Seaman Steve may have inadvertently used ________ to modify Petty Officer Paul's behavior.

extinction

Employees at LivingSocial Escapes who are motivated by becoming a vested member of the company after a year of employment are motivated by ________ rewards, whereas motivation that occurs as a result of having fun at their jobs illustrates the effects of _______rewards.

extrinsic intrinsic

According to__________ , a manager who works with his or her employees to develop performance expectations that are specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and timebound will see performance improve on his or her team.

goal-setting theory

The__________ theory suggests that people have physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization needs that must be satisfied in order for motivation to occur.

hierarchy of needs

Expectancy Theory

idea that motivation comes from people's perceptions of the relationships among three things: effort, performance, and outcomes

Ruby Harper is the grants and services director for the Greater Columbus Arts Council. Recently, she posted to her blog that she loves her job because it is something she's good at, it changes often, and "the possibilities feel immense." These __________ come to Ruby from the job itself, not from an outside manager.

intrinsic rewards

In Herzberg's two-factor theory,__________ are things such as challenging work assignments, accomplishment and personal recognition, and autonomy, which create conditions in which an employee will feel satisfied with his or her job.

motivators

Rewards such as bonuses, thank-yous, and gift cards are all forms of__________ , which increase the probability that the behavior they follow will occur again.

positive reinforcement

The___________ concept of motivation says that people become more motivated when they are exposed to positive or negative reinforcement and less motivated when exposed to punishment or extinction.

theory of operant conditioning