MGMT Test 2 Quiz Questions

Identify the five traditional approaches to organizational structure. Which one is best for a company to use? Explain your answer.

5 Traditional approaches to organizational structure are: Product departmentalization, Functional departmentalization, Customer departmentalization, Geographic departmentalization, and Matrix departmentalization. The most common used for starting businesses is functional departmentalization.

Identify the key dimension on which teams differ. Define and describe the continuum of teams used by companies along this dimension. If a manager had a high need for personal power and control, explain which of these types of teams he or she would probably be most happy working with in a managerial capacity. Also explain how he or she might react to a proposal to introduce teams into his or her work unit.

?????

Gainsharing

A compensation system in which companies share the financial value of performance gains such as increased productivity cost savings, or quality, with their workers

Tarriff

A direct tax on imported goods.

What is sexual harassment? What are the 2 types?

A form of discrimination in which unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature occurs while performing one's job Quid pro quo Hostile work environment

Quid pro quo

A form of sexual harassment in which employment outcomes, such as hiring, promotion, or simply keeping one's job, depend on whether an individual submits to sexual harassment

Hostile work environment

A form of sexual harassment in which unwelcome and demeaning sexually related behavior creates an intimidating and offensive work environment

Traditional work group

A group composed of two or more people who work together to achieve a shared goal

Semi-autonomous work group

A group that has the authority to make decisions and solve problems related to the major tasks of producing a product or service

Matrix departmentalization

A hybrid organizational structure in which two or more forms of departmentalization, most often product and functional, are used together

Wrongful discharge

A legal doctrine that requires employers to have a job-related reason to terminate employees

De-forming

A reversal of the forming stage, in which team members position themselves to control pieces of the team, avoid each other, and isolate themselves from team leaders

De-norming

A reversal of the norming stage, in which team performance begins to decline as the size, scope, goal, or members of the team change

De-storming

A reversal of the storming phase in which the team's comfort level decreases, team cohesion weakens, and angry emotions and conflicts may flare

Work teams

A small number of people with complementary skills who hold themselves mutually accountable for pursuing a common purpose, achieving performance goals, and improving interdependent work processes Traditional work group, employee involvement team, semi-autonomous work group, self-managing team, self-designing team

Self-designing team

A team that has the characteristics of self-managing teams but also controls team design, work tasks, and team membership

Self-managing team

A team that manages and controls all of the major tasks of producing a product or service

Briefly identify the advantages and disadvantages of using teams. Describe a situation in which you or someone you know worked in a team setting. Be sure to specify which of the general advantages and/or disadvantages of using teams were manifest in that situation.

Advantages: improve customer satisfaction, product and service quality, speed and efficiency in product development, employee job satisfaction, and decision making. Disadvantages: initially high turnover, social loafing, and the problems associated with group decision making.

Cooperative contract

An agreement in which a foreign business owner pays a company a fee for the right to conduct that business in his or her country.

Strategic alliance

An agreement in which companies combine key resources, costs, risks, technology, and people.

Job characteristics model

An approach to job redesign that seeks to formulate jobs in ways that motivate workers and lead to positive work outcomes

Modular organization

An organization that outsources noncore business activities to outside companies, suppliers, specialists, and consultants

Define the concept of authority and list the four dimensions which have traditionally been characterized in organizations.

Authority: the right to give commands, take actions, and make decisions to achieve organizational objectives. Four dimensions: Chain of command, Line versus staff authority, Delegation of authority, and Degree of centralization.

How are organizations using teams to help increase customer satisfaction?

By training teams to meet the needs of specific customers

Identify an organization that you know of and explain how and why its approach to organizational design tends to fit better with either the traditional (structure) or contemporary (process) approaches to organizational design. Be sure to state whether your organizational example more closely fits the model of mechanistic or organic organizational design.

Car companies use a assembly line to produce cars, so they would use the contemporary approach to organizational design.

What's the best test to use in the employment selection process?

Cognitive ability test

Explain how the concept of innovation streams relates to the concept of sustainable competitive advantage. Give an example of how this occurs in the business world.

Companies that want to sustain competitive advantage must understand and protect themselves from strategic threats of innovation. An example in the business world is technology because after a piece of technological equipment is used for so many years, it is replaced with a new and improved piece.

Employee stock ownership plans

Compensate employees by awarding them shares of the company stock in addition to their regular compensation

Skill based pay

Compensation system that pays employees for learning additional skills or knowledge

An approach to innovation which assumes that incremental innovation can be planned using a series of steps and that compressing those steps can speed innovation

Compression approach to innovation

Senora is the CEO of a new company called BSL Corp. She has instructed the managers to use the traditional approach to create the organization's structure. What should the managers at BSL Corp. do?

Create an organizational structure with vertical and horizontal configurations

What are creative work environments? What does a manager need to do to develop and manage creative work environments?

Creative work environments are workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged. Challenging work promotes creativity. Challenging work requires effort, demands attention and focus, and is perceived as important to others in the organization.

4 stages of team development and 3 stages of decline

Development: forming, storming, norming, performing. Decline: denorm, destorm, deform

Define direct foreign investment. Name one of the top five countries with the largest direct foreign investment in the United States.

Direct foreign investment: a method of investment in which a company builds a new business or buys an existing business in a foreign country.United Kingdom.

The phase of a technology cycle characterized by technological substitution and design competition

Discontinuous change

Given the nature and demands of technology cycles and innovation streams, identify the two types of change that companies need to be able to manage. What are the approaches most appropriate for managing each type of change?

Discontinuous change can be managed by technology substitution. Generational change can be managed by making the newer technology compatible with the old. FORREAL THO: ?????

Profit sharing

Employees receive a portion of the organizations profits over and above their regular compensation

Organizational plurality

Empowering employees- test them with the same respect regardless of situations No favoring one group over another A work environment where 1.) all members are empowered to contribute in a way that maximizes the benefits of the organization, customers, and themselves, and 2.) the individuality of each member is respected by not segmenting or polarizing people on the basis of their membership in a particular group,

Explain the nature and intent of federal employment law. Identify the circumstances under which protected characteristics such as gender, age, or religion can be used as the basis for employment decisions as well as the circumstances under which a company may be found guilty of illegal discrimination.

Federal employment laws help so that employers may not discriminate in employment decisions on the basis of sex, age, religion, color, national origin, race, disability, or genetic history. The only time the above characteristics can be used to make employment decisions is when they are considered a bona fide occupational qualification. BFOQ is "reasonably necessary to the normal operation of that particular business." For example, a Baptist church wouldn't hire a Catholic priest.

Empowerment

Feeling of intrinsic motivation in which workers perceive their work to have impact and meaning and perceive themselves to be competent and capable of self determination

Forming

First stage of team development, in which team members meet each other, form initial impressions, and begin to establish team norms

Diversity audit

Formal assessments that measure employee and management attitudes, investigate the extent to which people are advantaged or disadvantaged with respect to hiring and promotions, and review companies' diversity-related policies and procedures

Performing

Fourth and final stage of team development in which performance improves because the team has matured into an effective, fully functioning team

_____ are two kinds of cooperative contracts.

Franchising and licensing

Reengineering

Fundamental rethinking and radical design of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service, and speed.

What were the basic provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)? Give three examples of how it benefited US industries.

GATT is a worldwide trade agreement that reduced and eliminated tariffs, limited government subsidies, and established protections for intellectual property. ??????

GATT

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade A worldwide trade agreement that reduced and eliminated tariffs, limited government subsidies, and established protections for intellectual property.

Employee stock options

Give employees the right to purchase shares of stock at a set price

Trade barriers

Government-imposed regulations that increase the cost and restrict the number of imported goods.

Norms

Informally agreed-on standards that regulate team behavior

Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage

Innovation streams

Which of the following scenarios is an example of matrix departmentalization?

InsureClef Inc., an insurance company, has departments that focus on major commercials and small businesses and also has departments that focus on the different products that the company offers across its clientele.

Differentiate between internal and external recruiting. Provide two examples of each.

Internal recruiting: the process of developing a pool of qualified job applicants from people who already work in the company. Job postings, career paths. External recruiting: the process of developing a pool of qualified job applicants from outside the company. advertising in newpapers, magazines, mail, etc, AND social media

Which of the following statements about functional departmentalization is true?

It allows work to be done by highly qualified specialists.

List and explain the three basic kinds of compensation decisions. Give two examples of what is involved in making each kind of compensation decision. What is a job evaluation? Which kinds of compensation decisions are directly related to job evaluation?

Job evaluation: a process that determines the worth of each job in a company by evaluating the market value of the knowledge, skills, and requirements needed to perform it. Piecework: a compensation system in which employees are paid a set rate for each item they produce. (35 cents per item produced for output up to 100 units per day and 45 cents above 100 items). Commission: a compensation system in which employees earn a percentage of each sale they make (the more they sell, the more they can earn. EX: they can make 20% of each sale, etc). Profit sharing: a compensation system in which a company pays a percentage of its profits to employees in addition to their regular compensation. ($7.90 per hour PLUS 10% of specific sales. EX: waitressing).

What is job specialization? Briefly explain its advantages and disadvantages.

Job specialization is a job composed of a small part of a larger task or process. Advantages: very economical because it takes little time to learn and master; wages can remain low. Disadvantages: they quickly become boring and and can lead to low job satisfaction and high absenteeism and employee turnover.

_____ help companies meet the legal requirement that their human resource decisions be job related.

Job specifications, job analyses, and job descriptions

Local adaptation

Modifying rules, guidelines, policies, and procedures to adapt to differences in foreign customers, governments, and regulatory agencies.

Global new ventures

New companies that are founded with an active global strategy and have sales, employees, and financing in different countries

Linda is a manager at a local restaurant. She wants to introduce a new scheme that she thinks will improve customer satisfaction. But before this, she needs to inform her team about this. Should Linda force consensus for her new scheme? Why?

No, because insisting on consensus usually promotes affective rather than cognitive conflict.

Which of the following statements about employee turnover is true?

One of the best ways to discourage turnover is to link pay directly to performance.

Describe what is meant by organizational structure and organizational process, and how are these concepts related to each other? How are they different from each other?

Organizational structure: the vertical and horizontal configuration of departments, authority, and jobs within companies Organizational process: the collection of activities that transforms inputs into outputs that customers value.

Geographic departmentalization

Organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for doing business in particular geographic areas

Functional departmentalization

Organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise

Customer departmentalization

Organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular kinds of customers

Product departmentalization

Organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for producing particular products or services

Which of the following factors is considered while conducting an objective performance measure?

Output of an employee

Pay variability

Pay based on performance

Piecework

Pay plan plus employees are paid a set rate for each item produced up to some standard

Commission

Percentage of sales employees make

Pay structures

Profit sharing, employee stock options, employee stock ownership plans, piecework, commission

Which of the following is a trend that has allowed companies to skip the phase model when going global?

Quick, reliable air travel

_____ is the form of sexual harassment in which employment outcomes such as hiring, promotion, or simply keeping one's job depend on whether an individual submits to sexual harassment.

Quid pro quo sexual harassment

Briefly describe a regional trade agreement and a worldwide trade agreement.

Regional trade agreement: tariff and nontariff barriers are reduced or eliminated for countries within the trading zones. Maastricht Treaty, North American Free Trade Agreement, Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement, Union of South American Nations, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, and Asia- Pacific Economic Cooperation. Worldwide trade agreement: World Trade Organization. global rules of trade between nations; its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably, and freely as possible.

How can you create and manage a creative work environment?

Remove distractions Achieve balance between skills and task challenge Encouragement: organizational, supervisory, and work group Remove impediments to creativity. Internal conflict and power struggles, rigid management structures, and a conservative bias towards the status quo

Storming

Second stage of team development, characterized by conflict and disagreement, in which team members disagree over what the team should do and how it should do it

What are the reasons people resist change?

Self interest, misunderstanding and distrust, and a general intolerance for change.

Identify the employee characteristics that are protected by federal employment laws with regard to anti-discrimination (i.e., the characteristics upon which employers are not legally allowed to discriminate). Specify which human resource management decisions these laws affect.

Sex, age, religion, color, national origin, race, disability, or genetic history. decisions should be based on "job related," "reasonably necessary," or "business necessity" for successful job performance.

What are the methods for rewarding team members?

Skill based pay Gainsharing Nonfinancial rewards

Standardizatuon

Solving problems by consistently applying the same rules, procedures, and processes

Which of the following should be a key issue for a company once it decides to go global?

Strike the right balance between global consistency and local adaptation.

Departmentalization & the 5 types

Subdividing work and workers into separate organizational units responsible for completing particular tasks Functional, product, customer, Geographic, matrix

Employee involvement team

Team that provides advice or makes suggestions to management concerning specific issues

The purchase of new technologies to replace other ones

Technological substitution

A cycle that begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and is replaced by a newer, substantially better technikigy

Technology cycle

What is global business?

The buying and selling of goods and services by people from different countries.

Uncertainty avoidance

The degree to which people in a country are uncomfortable with unstructured, ambiguous, unpredictable situations.

Which of the following is a common factor of global new ventures?

The development and communication of a company's global vision from inception by the founders.

Which of the following approaches to job redesign entails more than simply providing variety in job tasks?

The job characteristics model

Which of the following statements about matrix departmentalization is true?

The most common matrix combines product and functional departmentalization.

Purchasing power

The relative cost of a standard set of goods and services in different countries

Chain of command

The vertical line of authority that clarifies who reports to whom throughout the organization

Which of the following statements about semi-autonomous work groups is true?

They have the authority to make decisions that are typically made by supervisors and managers.

What are the primary disadvantages of job specialization? How can job redesign be used to overcome them?

They quickly become boring and and can lead to low job satisfaction and high absenteeism and employee turnover.

Norming

Third stage of development in which team members begin to settle into their roles, group cohesion grows, and positive team norms develop

Expatriate training

Training someone who lives and works outside his or her native country

What are the methods used to handle resistance to change?

Unfreezing: getting the people affected by change to believe that change is needed. Change intervention: the process used to get workers and managers to change their behaviors and work practices. Refreezing: supporting and reinforcing new changes so they stick.

Personality

Values, attitudes, and beliefs that a person has Big 5 attributes: extroversion, emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to new things

Describe the virtual organization. Explain how the virtual organization could theoretically prove to be a more formidable competitor than any of the other types of organization in a highly complex, dynamic business environment.

Virtual organization: an organization that is a part of a network in which many companies share skills, costs, capabilities, markets, and customers to collectively solve customer problems or provide specific products or services. Everyone brings their best skills and works together.

Identify the question that can be asked during a job interview.

What are your hobbies and interests?

When do you use teams?

When there is a clear, engaging reason or purpose When the job can't be done unless people work together When rewards can be provided for teamwork and team performance When ample resources are available

What are the components of a creative work environment?

Workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged. 6 components: -challenging work -organizational encouragement -supervisory encouragement -work group encouragement -freedom -lack of organizational impediments

20 men and 20 women applied for the role of ​delivery person for a restaurant. Out of all the applicants, 12 men and five women were hired for the job because the job required the applicants to be very good at riding scooters. The number of men employed were much more than the number of women employed. However, it was not an intentional discrimination but a part of the job requirement. In this context, _____ has occurred.

adverse impact

Justin, a prospective employer, calls a prior employer on a job applicant's behalf to find out the opinion of the former employer about the job applicant. If the prior employer provides unsubstantiated negative information, then the job applicant _____.

can sue the prior employer for defamation

Where standardization is important, it is appropriate to _____.

centralize authority

According to Kurt Lewin, during the _____ stage of managing organizational change, workers and managers alter their behavior and work practices.

change intervention

Which of the following methods for managing resistance to change should only be used as a last resort or under crisis conditions?

coercion

Under a sales _____ plan, salespeople are paid a percentage of the purchase price of items they sell.​

commission

Before beginning to recruit job applicants, organizations must _____.

conduct a job analysis

_____ are defined as workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged.

creative work environments

An advantage of _____ is that it broadens workers' skills and increases their capabilities while also making their work more varied and interesting.

cross-training

Large accounting agencies typically have separate departments that deal with households, businesses, and governments. This allows them to better serve the needs of their clients by using _____.

customer departmentalization

A technology _____ begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and dies as it is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology.

cycle

_____ can be best defined as a method of subdividing work and workers into separate organizational units that are responsible for completing particular tasks.

departmentalization

Which of the following is NOT a part of the experiential approach to innovation?

design lockout

Darlene Jespersen used to work in a sports bar. She was an outstanding employee, but she did not wear makeup because she felt it "took away her credibility" and interfered with her ability to be an effective bartender, which sometimes required her to deal with unruly, intoxicated guests. This changed when the sports bar implemented a "beverage department image transformation" program. Female employees were told they would be fired if they did not wear makeup. Since male employees did not have to wear makeup, Darlene contended it. This is an example of _____.

disparate treatment

In the _____ stage of organizational decline, a new CEO may be brought in to oversee the closing of stores, offices, and manufacturing facilities, the final layoff of managers and employees, and the sale of assets.

dissolution

At which stage of organizational decline does the decline become irreversible?

dissolution stage

During the latter half of the last decade, flat-screen television sets were gradually replaced by LED television sets; the LED televisions became the new market standard. The latter is an example of a _____.

dominant design

Capital Chemicals Corp. is facing a forthcoming shortage of process operators and is hiring new ones as fast as it can. The average age of an effective process operator in Capital Chemicals is 50. The voluntary early retirements of the highly qualified and experienced operators is an example of _____.

dysfunctional turnover

The most important factor in an attractive business climate is the _____.

easy access to growing markets

​The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT):

eliminated tariffs in ten specific industries.

The only type of responsibility given to traditional work groups is to:

execute a task

The _____ approach to innovation asserts that the key to fast product innovation is to use intuition, flexible options, and hands-on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning and understanding.

experiential

_____ occurs when a company sells domestically produced products to customers in foreign countries.

exporting

A work team is a small number of people who have been assigned responsibility for pursuing a common purpose, achieving performance goals, and improving interdependent work processes.

false

An attractive business climate is defined by only one dimension: it minimizes the political risk to a company.

false

Conflicts and disagreements often characterize the second stage of team development, which is called storming.

false

Departmentalization is a method of organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise.

false

Nearly all technology cycles follow a bell-shaped pattern of innovation.

false

Regional trading is defined as a method of investment in which a company builds a new business or buys an existing business in a foreign country.

false

Resistance to change usually results from organizational factors: such as the absence of promotion guidelines, bonuses, and praise.

false

Technology cycles for low-tech products follow the typical U-curve pattern cycle of innovation.

false

The hostile work environment form of sexual harassment occurs when employment outcomes such as hiring, promotion, or simply keeping one's job depend on whether an individual submits to being sexually harassed.

false

When conducting global business, companies should attempt to identify the two types of political risk, which are political uncertainty and economic uncertainty.

false

In the _____ stage of organizational decline, managers typically assume that if they just run a tighter ship, company performance will return to previous levels.

faulty action

Expatriate trainees who were assigned work in China were placed in a Chinese neighborhood for a day to interact with the citizens and to gather information about the country and its culture. In this context, the trainees were engaged in _____.​

field simulations

Disadvantages of _____ include difficulty in cross-departmental coordination, slow decision making, and managers and workers with narrow experience and expertise.

functional departmentalization

Backward compatibility is an important consideration for software users who are using an accounting program to facilitate their tax preparation and who want to use a newer version that has greater capacity. Therefore, many software manufacturers engage in _____.

generational change

Which of the following statements is true of a-type conflict?

it can decrease team cohesiveness

The library at a local community college is organized in a hierarchy with six unit heads reporting to a chief librarian. Within these units are 15 librarians and 47 full-time library staff. One of the tools used in the organizational development of the library is to systematically move employees from one job to another in order to give them an opportunity to learn and use different skills. From the given information, we can infer that the library uses _____.

job rotation

The city of Bridgedale issued a new recruitment publication for its Fire Service. The publication lists all of the qualifications needed to become a firefighter. This recruitment pamphlet can be best categorized as a(n) _____.

job specification

German chip manufacturer, Infineon AG, has joined with Motorola Inc. and Agere Systems Inc. to establish a new company in order to develop and license chip designs for cellphones. These three companies have created a _____.

joint venture

​While assessing the yearly performance of the employees, a manager at LifeSmile Inc. has rated all of his employees as very good performers. Even the employees who performed badly and hardly met their targets were rated as very good performers. In this context, the manager at LifeSmile performed a(n) _____ error.

leniency

Self-managing teams are different from semi-autonomous work groups in that team members:

manage and control all of the major tasks directly related to production of a product or service without first getting approval from management.

_____ is notorious for confusion and conflict between project managers in different areas of the organization.

matrix departmentalization

A(n) _____ is an organization that is characterized by specialized jobs and responsibilities; precisely defined, unchanging roles; and a rigid chain of command based on centralized authority and vertical communication.

mechanistic organization

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic methods for managing resistance to change?

micromanagement

Formal project review points used to assess progress and performance are called _____.

milestones

_____ range from vacations to T-shirts, plaques, and coffee mugs and are especially effective when coupled with management recognition, such as awards, certificates, and praise.

nonfinancial rewards

Lisa recently joined a famous multinational company. During her first few days, she went to work wearing casual clothing. However, she gradually came to know that this was not the expected dress code as everyone in the office dressed in formal attire. This was not specifically told to her, nor was it officially established as she later found out. The formal dress code is an example of a(n) _____.

norm

When companies don't anticipate, recognize, neutralize, or adapt to the internal or external pressures that threaten their survival, it results in _____.

organizational decline

Coca-Cola In recent years, Georgia-based Coca-Cola attempted to reenter the Indian market. Even though India's per capita consumption of carbonated beverages was less than half of Pakistan and about five percent of China's consumption, Coke was attracted to the Indian market as India has the fastest-growing demand for consumer products in the world. Coke's first attempt to enter the Indian market a decade earlier was plagued by gross mismanagement, and the company lost 20 billion Indian rupees. During that first attempt, Coke purchased Thumbs Up, the leading carbonated soft drink in India. The company hoped to replace Thumbs Up with Coke while retaining its distribution strategy . For its return to the market, Coke built five production plants, revamped its transport system, and reduced the size and weight of its bottles in order to increase a truck's carrying capacity. It also increased the number of distributors and discarded a global advertising campaign that proved irrelevant to the Indian market. Refer to Coca-Cola. As a multinational company, Coca-Cola _____.

owns businesses in more than one country

Which of the following is one of the stages that teams pass through as they develop and grow rather than decline?

performing

Most companies have used the _____ to successfully enter foreign markets.

phase model of globalization

Which of the following methods of training should be used for imparting information or knowledge to trainees?

planned readings

Many companies in Dansland retracted their businesses as the government passed a new law requiring the companies to pay double the tax for conducting business in Dansland.​ This is a _____ that the companies doing business in Dansland have faced.

policy uncertainty

​Tugstinia is one of only two countries in the world that produces a mineral required in the manufacturing of cellular phones. Several mining companies recently moved their operations out of the region due to a civil war resulting from a change in rulers. This is an example of how can influence global business.

political uncertainty

Fervor Tax Service has a largely white, male demographic at present. A new group has been established in Fervor to improve the employment, retention, and promotion prospects of women and ethnic minorities. The team has six months to gather information and create a plan. This group can best be categorized as a(n) _____.

project team

Which of the following kinds of teams is always temporary?

project team

The purpose of predeparture language and cross-cultural training is to _____.

reduce the uncertainty felt by expatriates

Acru Legal Corp. provides computer-assisted legal research as well as business research and risk solution services. Its ability to serve new Web-based customers was adversely affecting its customer service department after several small and midsize law firms with promising business opportunities had to wait 48 hours to have their Web accounts activated after signing up. Clearly, Acru Legal needed to revamp its customer sign-up and order-fulfillment processes, which were designed for large law firms. Acru Legal would most likely use _____ to radically change its business practices.

reengineering

After Malta was permitted to join the European Union (EU), the other countries of the EU removed all taxes on the import of goods manufactured in Malta. Malta was preparing to become part of a(n) ____.

regional trading zone

A(n) _____ is defined as a group that has the authority to make decisions and solve problems related to the major tasks of producing a product or service.

semi-autonomous work group

A(n) _____ is a form of matrix departmentalization in which managers in different parts of the matrix negotiate conflicts and resources directly.

simple matrix

Ravi works in the legal department at a large consumer products manufacturer. It is his job to craft warnings on package labels. This activity can be best categorized as a(n) _____.

staff function

Which of the following is an aspect of the compression approach to innovation?

supplier involvement

The two general kinds of trade barriers are _____.

tariff barriers and nontariff barriers

The finance team of a start-up company has a majority of white employees. It, however, plans to hire more people from various other ethnic backgrounds in the near future. The organization is trying to increase its _____.

team diversity

Jessica works in the Human Resources department of a social media organization. The organization is currently hiring a team of designers to revamp its current interface. Which of the following factors would best help Jessica in selecting the right team?

team level

Feldman Films is a company associated with photography. The development of the digital camera forced Feldman Films into the innovation stream because the new imaging process was a(n) _____.

technological discontinuity

In terms of innovation streams, what occurred when customers purchased flat-screen computer monitors to replace the older, bulkier monitors?

technological substitution

_____ means providing opportunities for employees to develop the job-specific skills, experience, and knowledge they need to do their jobs or improve their performance.

training

A virtual organization is part of a network in which many companies share skills, costs, capabilities, markets, and customers with each other.

true

Approximately one-third of multinational companies enter foreign markets through wholly owned affiliates.

true

Global joint ventures can be difficult to manage because they represent a merging of four cultures.

true

If an HR manager were allowed to use just one selection test, cognitive ability tests would be the one to use.

true

In many industries, teams are growing in importance because they help organizations respond to specific problems and challenges.

true

In spite of their disadvantages, companies continue to create and use specialized jobs because they are very economical.

true

Job analyses, job descriptions, and job specifications help companies meet the legal requirement that their human resource decisions be job-related.

true

Norms are informally agreed-upon standards that regulate team behavior. They are valuable because they let team members know what is expected of them.

true

Since interviews are especially good at assessing applicants' interpersonal skills, they work particularly well with cognitive ability tests, and the combination leads to even better selection decisions than using either alone.

true

Sincere attempts to reach agreement on a difficult issue can quickly deteriorate from cognitive to affective conflict.

true

Teams are typically required when tasks are complex, require multiple perspectives, or require repeated interaction with others to complete.

true

The purpose of the Maastricht Treaty of Europe was to create the European Union with one common currency, the euro, for its members.

true

The typical S-curve pattern of innovation indicates that both early and late in the technology cycle, increased effort (i.e., money, research and development) brings only small improvements in technological performance.

true

Validation is the process of determining how well a selection test or procedure predicts future job performance.

true

Virtual teams are often, but not necessarily, temporary teams that are set up to accomplish a specific task.

true

Which of the following is one of the three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin?

unfreezing

A local hospital ran into a funding problem when it tried to build a new state-of-the-art pediatric unit. The hospital management asked a group of physicians, hospital volunteers, and administrative staff to develop and implement a plan to raise the necessary money. This group of people with complementary skills formed a(n) _____.

work team

At Belfront Hotels, the sales department gets 20 percent of the price of the rooms that get booked. This motivates them to work harder and achieve their targets every month. In this scenario, the employees of the sales team at Belfront Hotels get a _____.

​commission