MGT TEST
Arifeen is designing a training class that is aimed at improving teamwork among people on task forces. What method should he choose? A. lectures B. role plays C. workbooks D. videotapes E. computer-aided training
role plays
A company that believes in letting other organizations take the risks of product development and marketing and then imitate what seems to work best is called a (n) A. reactor. B. prospector. C. analyzer. D. defender. E. executor.
analyzer
Which of the following is an example of a proactive change? A. Mary's staff is unhappy about the way they have been treated and quits without notice. B. Mary explores improvements in working conditions with her staff and begins to implement them prior to any real discontent on the part of the staff. C. Mary is constantly "putting out fires." D. Mary never seems to have enough time to get the information and resources she needs to take care of the problem at hand. E. All of the above are examples of proactive change.
Mary explores improvements in working conditions with her staff and begins to implement them prior to any real discontent on the part of the staff.
A single-use plan of less scope and complexity than a program is a A. strategy. B. project. C. task. D. step. E. mission.
project
A person who is oriented toward people and social concerns and has a low tolerance for ambiguity is __________ in her decision-making style. A. analytical B. conceptual C. directive D. behavioral E. relaxed
behavioral
Which of the following is a way to reduce cognitive dissonance? A. change your beliefs B. change your self-efficacy C. decrease the importance of the consistent behavior D. find dissonant elements that outweigh the consonant ones E. belittle the importance of the inconsistent behavior
belittle the importance of the inconsistent behavior
Kotter's Change Model consists of A. three stages: unfreezing, changing, and refreezing F. three types: adaptive, innovative, and radically innovative G. eight steps for leading organizational change H. three steps: diagnosis, intervention, and evaluation I. ten characteristics for change.
eight steps for leading organizational change
The United States implemented a complete ban on the importation of beef raised in Great Britain. This is an example of a(n) A. embargo. B. tariff. C. quota. D. foreign advantage. E. maquiladora.
embargo
A report listing your organization's employees by name, education, training, languages, and other important information is called a(n) A. human resource inventory. B. labor inventory. C. skills inventory. D. organization skills inventory. E. employee inventory.
human resource inventory.
Of the following, which is the best way for leaders to cope with change? A. setting a direction B. virtual planning C. outsourcing D. lobby the government E. watch current trends
setting a direction
Fiedler's contingency leadership model determines if a leader's style is A. task-oriented or relationship-oriented. B. telling, selling, participating, or delegating. C. team, country club, impoverished, task, or middle-of-the-road. D. directive, supportive, participative, or achievement-oriented. E. charismatic or non-charismatic.
task-oriented or relationship-oriented.
Organizations may apply trait theory by A. using management development programs. B. hiring only from top-ranked business schools. C. considering the roles its employees hold. D. doing a job audit. E. empowering the HR department.
using management development programs.
Managers who make short-term operating decisions and direct the daily tasks of the organization are called A. first line managers. B. middle managers. C. top managers. D. functional managers. E. general managers.
first-line managers
Which of the following statements about a manager's life is true according to Henry Mintzberg? A. Managers work long hours. B. Managers work at an intense pace. C. Managers' work is characterized by fragmentation. D. Managers rely more on verbal than on written communication. E. All of the above statements are correct.
All of the above statements are correct
______ is the implementation of systems and practices to increase the sharing of knowledge and information throughout an organization. A. Knowledge management B. Information management C. E-management D. Project management E. Software management
Knowledge management
The grapevine is A. faster than formal channels. B. about 30% accurate. C. relied upon more when organizations are stable. D. used by few employees. E. a vertical channel of communication.
faster than formal channels.
Two or more freely interacting individuals who share collective norms, share collective goals, and have a common identity are called a A. group. B. collaborative unit. C. unit. D. self-managing work team. E. quality circle.
group
The U.S. does not allow the import of Cuban sugar and cigars. This is an example of a(n) A. embargo. B. tariff. C. quota. D. maquiladora. E. franchise .
embargo
Which of the following is a result of a small problem mushrooming into a big one? A. cost overruns B. a merger C. an economic stimulus package D. a tax break E. a labor contract
cost overruns
Absenteeism and tardiness, drug and alcohol abuse are examples of A. organizational citizenship behaviors. B. counterproductive work behaviors. C. self-efficacy behaviors. D. internal locus behaviors. E. personality issues.
counterproductive work behaviors.
A company that barters goods for other goods is involved in A. outsourcing. B. countertrading. C. importing. D. exporting. E. franchising.
countertrading
__________ group divisions or business units around common customers or clients. A. Functional structures B. Product divisions C. Customer divisions D. Matrix organizations E. Geographic divisions
customer divisions
Which of the following would be considered a primary dimension of diversity? A. gender B. geographic location C. lifestyle D. ethical beliefs E. educational background
gender
When the primary goal of a group is subsumed by a secondary goal, ________ has occurred. A. goal displacement. B. satisficing. C. groupthink . D. heuristics. E. representativeness bias.
goal displacement
The effects of e-mail include A. increased teamwork. B. increased paper costs. C. decreased flexibility. D. increased cost of distributing information. E. decreased time wasted.
increased teamwork
The process of reducing the number of tasks a worker performs is called A. job enlargement. B. job design. C. job simplification. D. job rotation. E. job enrichment.
job simplification.
A U.S. company agrees with a foreign company to start a new enterprise together in a foreign country, sharing the risks and the rewards. This is called a A. countertrade . B. joint venture. C. maquiladora. D. greenfield venture. E. wholly owned subsidiary.
joint venture
Which of the following is a cultural dimension of Hofstede's model? A. opportunistic behavior B. power distance C. acceptance tolerance D. gender egalitarianism E. future orientation
power distance
The application of negative consequences to stop or change undesirable behavior is called A. positive reinforcement. B. negative reinforcement. C. extinction. D. intrinsic motivation. E. punishment.
punishment.
Josephine, a manager, is well liked by everyone, and her subordinates trust her to do the right thing for them. Based on this description, Josephine has __________ power. A. legitimate B. referent C. reward D. punishment E. expert
referent
Melvin, leader of a task force, is in the Marketing Department manager's office attempting to convince him to allow a particular member of the department to work on the task force. Melvin is operating in the _______________ role. A. entrepreneur B. resource allocator C. disturbance handler D. negotiator E. liaison
negotiator
An airline cockpit crew is an example of a(n) A. production team. B. project team. C. product team. D. action team. E. advice team.
action team.
A(n) __________ is a consultant with a background in behavioral sciences who can be a catalyst in helping organizations deal with old problems in new ways. A. catalytic consultant B. change agent C. behavioral consultant D. transformative consultant E. behavioral agent
change agent
When a student is identifying a topic for a research paper, she is in the __________ stage of a project. A. execution B. planning C. definition D. closing E. vision
definition
A company that is producing goods domestically and sells them outside the country is involved in A. outsourcing. F. countertrading. G. importing. H. exporting. I. franchising.
exporting
Which of the following is a step in the planning and strategic management process? A. formulate the grand strategy B. hire appropriate personnel C. formulate the operational plans followed by the tactical plans D. review the profit and loss statement E. review the results of the strategy
formulate the grand strategy
A limit on the numbers of a product that can be imported is called a(n) A. embargo. B. tariff. C. quota. D. GATT. E. boycott.
quota
Conceptual skills are particularly important for _____________ managers. A. first-line B. middle C. top D. functional E. general
top
__________ consists of linking the three core processes of any business together to get things done on time according to Bossidy and Charan. A. Tactics B. Strategy C. Follow-through D. Execution E. Operations
Execution
Bianca is establishing a suggestion system that rewards employees for their ideas to save the company money. She is acting in the __________ role. A. entrepreneur B. disturbance handler C. resource allocator D. negotiator E. liaison
entrepreneur
Which of the following is one of the "magnificent seven" general moral principles for managers? A. rationality B. self-knowledge C. loyalty D. love E. responsibility
loyalty
Which of the following dimensions is an example of an organizational dimension on the diversity wheel? A. seniority B. geographic location C. age D. gender E. physical abilities
seniority
A(n) __________ is a set of interrelated parts operating together to achieve a common purpose. A. environment B. contingency C. system D. TQM E. therblig
system
The person who is called "the father of industrial psychology" was A. Mark Parker Follett. B. Max Weber. C. Elton Mayo. D. Hugo Munsterberg. E. Frederick Taylor.
Hugo Munsterberg
Which of the following is a higher-level need based on the four content theory perspectives? A. self-actualization B. physiological C. safety D. existence E. hygiene
self-actualization
Culture is transmitted to employees in several ways, most often through such devices as A. symbols. B. stories. C. heroes. D. rites and rituals. E. all of the above.
all of the above
When managers collect data from other people, they are operating in the ______ role. A. interpersonal B. informational C. decisional D. analytical E. visionary
informational
A company that focuses on developing new products or services and in seeking out new markets, rather than waiting for things to happen, is known as a A. defender. B. analyzer. C. adaptor. D. prospector. E. reactor.
prospector
Which of the following is a positive way to stand out in a new job? A. get to know some people and listen to what they have to say B. be aware of the power of first impressions C. make it easy for others to give you feedback D. overdeliver E. All of the above are positive ways to stand out in a new job.
All of the above are positive ways to stand out in a new job.
Which of the following most closely represents the management viewpoint that McDonald's follows in its stores? A. classical viewpoint B. behavioral viewpoint C. mathematical viewpoint D. management science viewpoint E. systems viewpoint
classical viewpoint
The __________ is the rate at which one country's currency can be exchanged for another country's currency. A. exchange rate B. GATT C. CAFTA D. interest rate E. inflation rate
exchange rate
Increasing the number of tasks in a job to increase variety and motivation is called A. job enlargement. B. job design. C. job simplification. D. job rotation. E. job enrichment.
job enlargement.
The extent to which people are able to observe their own behavior and adapt it to external situations is called A. self-esteem. B. self-efficacy. C. self-monitoring. D. agreeableness. E. locus of control.
self-monitoring.
Maria, an OD consultant, has summarized the results of a survey of employee attitudes, and is leading a meeting with a group of employees and managers to tell them what was said and engage them in problem solving. Maria is in the ________ stage of OD. A. intervention B. diagnosis C. evaluation D. technostructural E. adaptation
ntervention
Employees who have a great deal of technical skills are called: A. first line managers. B. knowledge workers. C. blue-collar workers. D. white-collar workers. E. self-managing workers.
knowledge workers
Alvin, a manager for ABC, Inc., subscribes to a large number of business and trade journals. He shares information he thinks is relevant with others at ABC. Alvin is behaving as if he is in a __________ organization. A. Theory X B. Theory Y C. bureaucratic D. learning E. teaching
learning
Which of the following methods is effective in helping people learn facts such as work rules? A. lectures B. role plays C. practice work D. discussion E. coaching
lectures
The power that managers have that results from their formal positions within organizations is called ________ power. A. legitimate B. referent C. reward D. punishment E. expert
legitimate
DuPont Corporation allows a firm in Brazil to make Teflon. This is an example of A. outsourcing. B. countertrading. C. licensing. D. a strategic alliance. E. franchising.
licensing
Which of the following is a step in the communication process? A. sender decodes the message B. possible receivers are considered C. message is transmitted through a medium D. receiver selects medium E. noise is excluded from the process
message is transmitted through a medium
John is a plant manager for Proctor & Gamble who implements the policies of P & G in his plant. His plant makes diapers and other baby-related products. John is most likely a A. first-line manager. B. middle manager. C. top manager. D. functional manager. E. coordination manager.
middle managers
Managers who implement the policies and plans of the organization and coordinate the activities of lower levels are called A. first level managers. B. middle managers. C. top managers. D. functional managers. E. general managers.
middlemanagers
According to Fiedler's model, a relationship-oriented leadership style works best in __________ situations. A. low control B. high control C. moderate control D. uncontrolled E. all of the above
moderate control
__________ is a preference for doing one thing at a time. A. Polychronic B. Unichronic C. Monochronic D. Duchronic E. Unitary time
monochronic
The amount of internal work motivation associated with a specific job is called A. verticality. B. Hobb's characteristic score. C. job enrichment. D. motivating potential score. E. job diagnostic score.
motivating potential score.
A "polycentric" manager believes that A. her country and culture are superior. B. native managers in foreign offices best understand native personnel and practices. C. managers in foreign countries should follow corporate procedures. D. managers in foreign countries should use whatever techniques are most effective. E. organizations should use only native managers in foreign operations.
native managers in foreign offices best understand native personnel and practices.
When we say that an employee has been dismissed "for cause," we mean that A. he quit the job. B. the company is downsizing, and his job is permanently eliminated. C. he is being laid off. D. he is being fired for his job performance. E. he has the right to get his position back in the future.
he is being fired for his job performance.
An organization that keeps costs and prices low in targeting a narrow market is pursuing a strategy of A. cost leadership. B. differentiation . C. cost focus. D. retrenchment. E. focused differentiation.
cost focus
Which of the following external recruiting methods works best? A. private employment agencies B. employee referrals C. newspaper ads D. college recruiters E. unions
employee referrals
Someone trained about matters of ethics in the workplace, particularly about resolving ethical dilemmas is known as a(n) A. ethics officer. B. chief executive officer. C. member of the ethics board. D. senior management team member. E. ethics patrol chief.
ethics officer
Which of the following is associated with older workers? A. higher absenteeism B. lower productivity C. higher work motivation D. lower job involvement E. lower job commitment
higher work motivation
More companies are forging strategic alliances with other firms. This is an example of a(n) ________ change. A. market B. social C. cemographic D. political E. economic
market
Which of the following is an example of a group in an organization's task environment? A. employees B. owners C. company CEO D. mass media E. Board of Directors
mass media
According to Kotter, companies manage complexity in which of the following ways? A. staying with the current trends B. lobbying the government C. organizing and staffing D. implementing and evaluating E. outsourcing
organizing and staffing
According to House's revised path-goal theory, a leader's style should vary depending on which of the following? A. personal characteristics of subordinates B. task structure C. situational control D. organizational readiness E. leader-member relations
personal characteristics of subordinates
Marty, located in California, needs to communicate with Cathy, who works in New Jersey, about a project they are working on. They are facing a(n) ___________ barrier. A. semantic B. personal C. encoding D. verbal E. physical
physical
Which of the following is an example of an observable artifact? A. basic assumptions B. core values C. value stability D. rituals and ceremonies E. internal values
rituals and ceremonies
The type of interview that is most likely to cause managers problems because of its potential for bias and questionable legality is the A. realistic job preview. B. unstructured interview. C. situational interview. D. behavioral description interview. E. performance interview.
unstructured interview.
Generally, people comprehend about __________ of a typical verbal message. A. 10% B. 35% C. 50% D. 75% E. 90%
35%
The process of involving employees in setting goals, making decisions, solving problems, and making changes is called A. conjoint management. B. participative management. C. escalation of commitment. D. satisficing. E. goal displacement.
PM
Monitoring performance and taking corrective action as needed is called A. planning. B. organizing. C. leading. D. controlling. E. managing.
controlling
The process of building into a job such motivating factors as recognition and achievement is called A. MBO. B. job design. C. job enrichment. D. job enlargement. E. horizontal loading.
job enrichment.
The extent to which an employee identifies or is personally involved with his/her job is called A. job involvement. B. job performance. C. organizational commitment. D. job satisfaction. E. Job enrichment.
job involvement.
Jacques says during his meeting with the task force, "Let's hear from those who don't agree with this choice." Jacques is performing a _________ role. A. maintenance B. task C. initiator D. coordinator E. orientor
maintenance
Wal-Mart's use of RFID (a type of technology that allows it to improve inventory turnover) is an example of: a _________ change. A. reactive B. incremental C. proactive D. responsive E. radical
proactive
Which of the following is the best statement of feedback? A. "You're always late to work." B. "You seem to be less motivated in your work lately." C. "Your last report contained seven errors." D. "You've got to figure out how to get along with Susie." E. "You're typing that document wrong."
"Your last report contained seven errors."
__________ assumes that three basic needs influence behavior. A. Maslow's theory B. Expectancy theory C. Alderfer's ERG theory D. Hertzberg's theory E. Equity theory
Alderfer's ERG theory
__________ is when people feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and support beliefs that promise certainty and conformity. A. High uncertainty avoidance B. High power distance C. Low uncertainty avoidance D. Low power distance E. Collectivism
High uncertainty avoidance
MBO stands for A. Management by Observation B. Management by Objectives C. Management by Objection D. Management by Obligation E. Management by Oblivion
Management by Objectives
The scientific method consists of A. trial and error. B. intuition. C. observation, theorizing, predicting, and testing. D. luck. E. wits and alertness.
Observation, theorizing, predicting, and testing
Which of the following conditions would suggest that constructive conflict should be stimulated? A. Managers want to achieve work objectives. B. The group adapts to change. C. Managers are in charge of self-managed teams. D. There is high employee turnover. E. There is a high level of energy and commitment.
There is high employee turnover.
The process by which a company compares its performance with that of high-performing organizations is called A. TQM. B. MBO. C. benchmarking. D. continuous improvement. E. radical innovation.
benchmarking.
XYZ Corporation communicates its revised mission statement to all employees. This is an example of A. external communication. B. downward communication. C. upward communication. D. horizontal communication. E. informal communication.
downward communication
The most important concern of global CEOs is A. profit growth. B. customer loyalty. C. excellence in execution. D. stimulating innovation. E. finding qualified employees.
excellence in execution.
XYZ has acquired a new company with a similar business service. XYZ is engaged in a ____________ strategy. A. growth B. stability C. defensive D. reorganization E. reactor
growth
Over breakfast, Jordan, a manager, scans the Wall Street Journal for information relevant to his company's industry. Jordan is performing the ________ role. A. disseminator B. entrepreneur C. monitor D. spokesperson E. visionary
monitor
Which of the following is a discipline that is part of behavioral science? A. psychology B. biology C. computer science D. chemistry E. engineering
psychology
An example of a firm that pursues a cost-focus strategy is A. Wal-Mart. B. Lexus. C. regional gas stations. D. Barnes and Noble. E. Pepsi-Co.
regional gas stations
Your boss expects you to stay late to cover the workload of a coworker who is out sick, but you are supposed to help your mother with some work on her house tonight. You are suffering from A. role overload. B. role conflict. C. role ambiguity. D. burnout. E. learned helplessness.
role conflict.
In a functional structure, people with __________ are grouped together. A. similar occupational specialties B. similar organizational levels C. jobs related to similar products D. jobs in the same geographic region E. jobs in similar industries
similar occupational specialties
A large-scale action plan that sets the direction for an organization is called a A. mission. B. vision. C. strategy. D. forecast. E. central contingency plan.
strategy
A test that measures what it claims to measure and is free of bias is said to be A. legal. B. reliable. C. valid. D. significant. E. structured.
valid.
The model that requires a manager to assess his own style and his situational control is A. Fiedler's contingency model. B. the managerial grid model. C. Hersey-Blanchard's situational leadership model. D. House's path-goal theory. E. Charismatic leadership theory.
Fiedler's contingency model.
A manager at a Pharmaceutical company is attempting to determine which type of people to hire. This is an example of A. planning. B. organizing. C. leading. D. controlling. E. marketing.
Planning
Fredrick Winslow Taylor and the Gilbreths were proponents of which of the following? A. scientific management and administrative management, respectively B. scientific management and human relations management, respectively C. human relations D. management science E. scientific management
scientific management
The first law of business is A. take care of the customer. B. take care of your employees. C. take care of your stockholders. D. take care of the community. E. take care of the environment.
take care of the customer
Jo, a managing partner of an accounting firm, understands tax law. This means she has a ______________ skill. A. technical B. conceptual C. human D. physical E. intuitive
technical
One of the 17 basic motions identified by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth is called a A. Gilbreth. B. therblig. C. TQM. D. work unit. E. seventeenth.
therblig
The core emphasis of classical management theories is on the belief that A. money is unlimited. B. people are irrational. C. people will take on responsibility if it is offered to them. D. managers are rational, but workers are not. E. work can be managed efficiently.
work can be managed efficiently
The influence tactic that gets others to support your effort to persuade someone is A. legitimating B. pressure C. coalition D. exchange E. personal appeals
coalition
When Thailand's currency dropped precipitously in value in the 1990s, the __________ helped by loaning money to various Asian countries. A. World Bank B. IMF C. WTO D. EU E. ASEAN
IMF
Which of the following is an example of a nonprofit organization? A. Salvation Army B. the Democratic party C. Mutual Benefit Insurance Co. D. trade associations E. the AFL-CIO, a labor union
Salvation Army
Today, what is considered to be the ideal span of control? A. 1-3 subordinates B. 4-6 subordinates C. 7-10 subordinates D. 11-15 subordinates E. There is no consensus as to what is ideal
There is no consensus as to what is ideal
__________ is the belief that a particular level of effort will lead to a particular level of performance. A. Expectancy B. Instrumentality C. Valence D. Reinforcement E. Self-esteem
Expectancy
An example of a firm pursuing a cost-leadership strategy is A. Home Depot. B. PepsiCo. C. national discount gas stations. D. Ferrari. E. Lexus.
Home Depot
Which of the following is a cause of bad planning? A. faulty assumptions about the future B. changes in the economic environment C. lack of competition in the industry D. changes in government policies E. strong leadership
faulty assumptions about the future
Denise and Florence are talking on their cell phones. After Denise reads her a phone number, Florence repeats the number back to Denise. This is an example of A. feedback. B. encoding. C. decoding. D. medium selection. E. noise.
feedback.
Ronaldo is part of a task force consisting of his peers from other departments in the organization. Ronaldo has A. high leader-member relations. B. high task structure. C. high position power. D. low leader-member relations. E. low position power.
low position power.
Based on technology philosopher Negroponte's reasoning, we are likely to see A. fewer mergers of large companies and fewer small start-up companies. B. more small, fast-moving startup companies and more megamergers. C. a trend toward larger businesses and away from smaller firms. D. an increase in medium-sized organizations. E. a decrease in technology.
more small, fast-moving startup companies and more megamergers.
__________ focuses on managing the production and delivery of an organization's products or services more efficiently. A. Scientific management B. Behavioral science approach C. Human relations management D. Operations management E. Administrative management
operations management
Analysis of the local and regional labor force would be part of the assessment of a company's A. strengths B. weaknesses C. opportunities D. threats E. opportunities or threats depending on the outcome of the analysis
opportunities or threats depending on the outcome of the analysis
Your insurance company has one large complex in your home city, which sells and oversees life insurance to all of its clients. In a neighboring state, the same insurance company has a complex that sells and services auto and home insurance. This represents a ____________ structure. A. functional B. simple C. product divisional D. matrix E. customer divisional
product divisional
__________ group activities around similar products or services. A. Functional structures B. Product divisions C. Conglomerates D. Matrix organizations E. Geographic divisions
product divisions
The obligation you have to perform the tasks assigned to you is called A. accountability. B. responsibility. C. delegation. D. authority. E. position power.
responsibility
The average speaker communicates __________ words per minute. A. 80 B. 125 C. 175 D. 225 E. 300
125
Which of the following is an area a company needs to get in and stay ahead in order to sustain a competitive advantage? A. quality B. effectiveness C. being responsive to customers D. innovating E. All of the above are areas in which a company needs to get and stay ahead.
All of the above are areas in which a company needs to get and stay ahead.
Which of the following is an area in which change is often needed? A. technology B. strategy C. people D. structure E. All of the above are areas in which change is often needed.
All of the above are areas in which change is often needed.
____________ refers to the rights inherent in a managerial position to make decisions, give orders, and utilize resources. A. Accountability B. Responsibility C. Delegation D. Authority E. Position power
Authority
A company declares bankruptcy. Which of the following strategies has the company followed? A. growth B. stability C. defensive D. reorganization E. reactor
defensive
A subordinate who is unable to do the job, but who is willing or confident, is classified in the Hersey-Blanchard model as A. R1 B. R2 C. R3 D. R4 E. R5
R2
Setting goals and deciding how to achieve them is called A. planning. B. organizing. C. leading. D. controlling. E. managing.
planning
To create a learning organization, managers must perform three key functions or roles: build a commitment to learning, work to generate ideas with impact, and A. work to create chaos to generate new ideas. B. heighten conflict to implement new ideas. C. work to generalize ideas with impact. D. minimize self-stress to project a positive image. E. be nice to employees.
work to generalize ideas with impact.
Which of the following points will most likely streamline an effective meeting? A. Cary makes sure to invite everyone to a meeting so she can get all points of view. B. John prepares a list of meeting objectives that he reveals at the meeting. C. Sarah finishes a lively, but somewhat off track discussion, even though it takes a bit longer because she wants to make everyone feel included. D. Marjorie does her homework in advance of the meeting and prepares an agenda with the most important items discussed first. E. Steve often stops the discussion short by offering his judgments as boss. This way the meeting stays on time and his people know what to do.
Marjorie does her homework in advance of the meeting and prepares an agenda with the most important items discussed first.
Which of the following is a behavioral leadership approach? A. Kouzes & Posner's model B. path-goal leadership model C. Hersey & Blanchard's leadership model D. Ohio State leadership model E. Leader-member exchange model
Ohio State leadership model
In using reinforcement, a manager should A. avoid using punishment. B. reward both desired and undesired behavior. C. give all subordinates the same rewards to insure fairness. D. save rewards for weekly or monthly celebrations. E. clearly communicate the desired and undesired behavior.
clearly communicate the desired and undesired behavior.
Quotas are designed to prevent A. embargoes. B. exports. C. tariffs. D. dumping. E. outsourcing.
dumping
Which of these might also be called parochialism? A. ethnocentrism B. polycentrism C. geocentrism D. expatriatism E. globalism
ethnocentrism
A study conducted by AT&T and Stanford University found that the top predictor of success and professional upward mobility was A. writing ability. B. interpersonal skills. C. public speaking ability. D. intelligence. E. integrity.
public speaking ability.
The __________ model of leadership emphasizes that leaders have different sorts of relationships with different subordinates. A. Fiedler B. House C. Michigan D. LMX E. Ohio State
LMX
Pat, a manager, is showing potential customers around the company facility. Pat is performing the __________ role. A. leadership B. figurehead C. liaison D. technical E. entrepreneur
figurehead
Terminology that is specific to a particular profession or group is called A. semantics. B. jargon. C. gossip. D. the grapevine. E. rhetoric.
jargon.
The United Way, a charitable organization, is considered a __________ organization. A. for-profit B. nonprofit C. mutual-benefit D. clan E. market
nonprofit
A technological innovation is generally a(n) __________ innovation. A. product B. process C. adaptive D. reactive E. proactive
product
The __________ is designed to monitor and enforce trade agreements. A. World Bank B. WTO C. IMF D. GATT E. EU
WTO
During the norming stage of group development, the leader should A. help the team identify group goals and values. B. encourage members to suggest ideas. C. help people get to know each other. D. empower the members. E. give a party.
help the team identify group goals and values
The term "global economy" refers to the ___________ tendency of the economies of the world to interact with one another as ______ market instead of ______ national markets. A. decreasing; one; many B. increasing; one; many C. decreasing; many; one D. increasing; many; one E. increasing; different; similar
increasing; one; many
The model that suggests that managers take small, short-term steps to alleviate a problem is the ___________ model. A. coalitional B. incremental C. satisficing D. creativity E. intuitional
incremental
Your Friendly Insurance Company has decided that its claims adjusters must be available to meet with claimants in the evenings and on weekends, a practice that some other insurance carriers have recently adopted. This is an example of a(n) ____________ change. A. radically innovative B. innovative C. adaptive D. proactive E. reactive
innovative
A change that represents the introduction of a new practice to an organization that is not new to the industry is called a(n) A. adaptive change. B. reactive change. C. proactive change. D. innovative change. E. radically innovative change.
innovative change.
The degree to which people accept inequality in social situations is known as A. individualism/collectivism. B. power distance. C. acceptance tolerance. D. masculinity/femininity. E. uncertainty avoidance.
power distance
__________ is a category of historical management perspectives requiring the application to management of techniques such as statistics and computer simulations. A. The classical viewpoint B. The behavioral viewpoint C. The managerial viewpoint D. The qualitative viewpoint E. The quantitative viewpoint
the quantitative viewpoint
People can mentally process about __________ words per minute. A. 200 B. 350 C. 500 D. 650 E. 800
500
__________ is (are) a "we feeling" that binds group members together. A. Groupthink B. Group cohesiveness C. Norms D. Roles E. Loafing
Group cohesiveness
Administrative oversight given to self-managed teams can include A. planning. B. scheduling work. C. monitoring performance. D. staffing. E. all of the above.
all of the above.
Signs of negative stress may include A. sweaty palms. B. upset stomach. C. boredom. D. sleeplessness. E. all of the above.
all of the above.
Standards may be A. narrow. B. broad. C. quantifiable. D. part of a balanced scorecard. E. all of the above.
all of the above.
Which of the following is a way managers can enhance team cohesiveness? A. having a relatively large team B. assigning members randomly to teams C. giving every group member a vital "piece of the action" D. allowing off-the-job social events E. providing team members precise instructions for the task at hand
allowing off-the-job social events
The right to make decisions and give orders is called A. control. B. responsibility. C. delegation. D. authority. E. position.
authority
Which of these is also referred to as a "corporation on steroids"? A. multinational corporation B. multinational organization C. multicontinental corporation D. global organization E. megamerger
megamerger
Which of the following is a benefit of a single-product strategy? A. focus B. adding new products as money is available C. reaction time to an act of God D. fewer employees E. less expenses
focus
The economic community that includes Italy and Holland is the A. NAFTA. B. EU. C. ASEAN. D. Mercosur. E. IMF.
EU
MBO was developed by Peter Drucker in the A. 1990s. B. 1980s. C. 1970s. D. 1960s. E. 1950s.
1950s
Inside forces for change include which of the following? A. immigration B. skill level of available employees C. mergers and acquisitions D. absenteeism E. office automation
absenteeism
The psychological discomfort that a person experiences between her cognitive attitude and incompatible behavior is called A. self-fulfilling prophecy. B. self-serving bias. C. causal attribution. D. cognitive dissonance. E. fundamental attribution.
cognitive dissonance.
Which of the following is one of the layers of the "diversity wheel"? A. gender B. lifestyle C. external dimensions D. corporate culture E. age
external dimensions
An organization expands its private Internet to connect with customers, suppliers, and other partners. This expansion is called its A. intranet B. extranet C. private net D. website E. domain
extranet
Research on strategic planning positively affected firm performance in A. only large firms. B. only large and medium-sized firms. C. only medium-sized firms. D. only medium-sized and small firms. E. firms of all sizes.
firms of all sizes.
An organization's private Internet is called its A. private net. B. intranet. C. extranet. D. website. E. webnet.
intranet.
The extent to which an employee feels positively or negatively about various aspects of their work refers to A. job involvement. B. job performance. C. organizational commitment. D. job satisfaction. E. job enrichment.
job satisfaction.
The first step in the MBO process is A. develop action plan. B. give performance appraisal. C. periodically review performance. D. management establishes employee goals. E. jointly set objectives.
jointly set objectives
A(n) __________ worker is someone whose occupation is principally concerned with generating or interpreting information. A. knowledge B. information C. data D. research E. facts-based
knowledge
___________ is about coping with complexity and _________ is about coping with change. A. middle-management; first line-management B. management; leadership C. attitude; perception D. leadership; management E. perception; attitude
management; leadership
What do good listeners do during the information gap between what someone says and how fast we process? A. daydream B. think about other things C. mentally summarize what's been said D. decide what they will say next E. make a convincing argument against what is being said
mentally summarize what's been said
The statement of an organization's purpose or reason for being is called its A. vision statement. B. mission statement. C. strategic plan. D. operational plan. E. tactical plan.
mission statement
The top management team of ABC Company is meeting to discuss possible changes in the structure of the company. Over the past 10 years, its environment has become increasingly unstable; changes are very difficult to predict. ABC should move toward having a(n) _________ structure. A. mechanistic B. large-batch C. mid-batch D. organic E. tall
organic
At Friendly Insurance, managers spend significant amounts of time on completing end-of-year reports. As a result, at that time of year, sometimes dealing with important customer issues is postponed. This is an example of A. overemphasis on one instead of multiple approaches. B. overemphasis on paperwork. C. overemphasis on means instead of ends. D. too much control. E. too much flexibility.
overemphasis on paperwork.
Mina is a cashier in a gambling casino. Her job involves working at one of several windows where patrons bring coins they have won, and the cashiers dump the coins into noisy coin-counting machines. Sometimes, it is very difficult for her to hear what the patrons are saying to her. This is an example of a(n) __________ barrier to communication. A. semantic B. personal C. physical D. visual E. encoding
physical
The space shuttle Discovery is an example of a A. policy. J. rule. K. procedure. L. project. M. program.
project
A number of years ago, the U.S. charged a duty of 18% - 67% on imported Japanese steel. This is an example of a(n) A. revenue tariff. B. embargo. C. protective tariff. D. boycott. E. quota.
protective tariff
A manager wants to improve how her employees' belongingness or love needs are met. To do so, she could A. give public recognition for good job performance. B. hire a guard for the parking lot. C. send employees to a training class. D. redesign individual jobs into teams. E. allow employees flextime.
redesign individual jobs into teams.
A manager decides to take no action in the belief that there will be no great negative consequences. She is engaged in A. panic. B. relaxed avoidance. C. relaxed change. D. decreased involvement. E. defensive avoidance.
relaxed avoidance
When others' expectations exceed one's ability, __________ has occurred. A. role overload B. role conflict C. role ambiguity D. burnout E. learned helplessness
role overload
During the maturity stage of the product life cycle, managers should expect that A. sales will start to decline. B. sales will increase. C. sales will level off. D. the product will be rejected by the marketplace. E. supplies will be difficult to obtain.
sales will start to decline.
In practicing MBO, a manager should A. decide on goals for employees and inform them of these goals clearly. B. let employees set their own goals. C. set objectives jointly with employees. D. make sure goals are stated generally so they can cover all situations that might arise. E. set goals that are just out of the subordinate's reach.
set objectives jointly with employees.
According to a recent Fortune magazine article, The scarcest, most valuable resource in business is A. a highly stable technology. B. a young workforce. C. skilled effective managers. D. financial capital. E. government support.
skilled effective managers
Taylor called the tendency for people to deliberately work at less than full capacity A. loafing. B. underachieving. C. underperforming. D. therbliging. E. soldiering.
soldiering
Which of the following is a supertrend shaping the future of business? A. declining population in developing countries B. some traditional companies may not survive radically innovative change C. digital long distance networks D. the capturing of general consumer information E. the rise of business-to-business technology
some traditional companies may not survive radically innovative change
Namibia has a law that prohibits foreign companies from ownership of firms within the country. In order to have a presence in that country a company may engage in a ___________ with an existing company in Namibia. A. countertrade B. strategic alliance C. maquiladora D. greenfield venture E. stock trade
strategic alliance
Harley Davidson Motorcycles states that it will improve its profit margin by 15% by ensuring continued high sales of its products for the next three years. This is a statement of Harley Davidson's A. operational goal B. tactical goal C. strategic goal D. management objective E. environmental impact
strategic goal
According to Herzberg, which of the following is an example of a hygiene factor? A. the work itself B. supervisors C. recognition D. responsibility E. advancement and growth
supervisors
How should a manager use personality tests? A. rely primarily on personality tests in hiring B. create "personality profiles" of desirable employees for different jobs C. supplement personality test data with other tests and interviews D. experiment with various personality tests that appear on the Internet E. Personality tests should not be used by managers as they are illegal.
supplement personality test data with other tests and interviews
George is leader of a task force that has been charged with restructuring the order-processing system in the organization. The task force is composed of his peers from other departments in the organization. Most of them worked together before in a previous taskforce that was disbanded because of high levels of conflict in the group. According to Fiedler's model, an effective leader in this situation would have a ___________ style. A. task-oriented B. relationship-oriented C. participatory D. delegating E. charismatic
task-oriented
Jeffrey supervises the pool of word processors who serve the entire group of lawyers at his law firm. Jeffrey gets along well with his people, and has worked hard to create detailed procedures and instructions for every type of legal document that the typists might encounter. Jeffrey hires and fires, gives out work assignments, does performance appraisals and decides on promotions. According to Fiedler, the appropriate leadership style in this situation would be A. charismatic B. team management C. task-oriented D. relationship-oriented E. participating
task-oriented
A _______ is defined as a small group of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves accountable. A. group B. team C. unit D. self-managing work team E. quality circle
team
Which of the following promises to be a cornerstone of future management? A. increased productivity over teamwork B. teamwork C. off-shoring D. cost control over quality E. outsourcing
teamwork
Of the following, which medium is the richest? A. bulletin board B. telephone C. e-mail D. letters E. videoconferencing
videoconferencing
Which of these is defined as an organization whose members are geographically apart, usually working with e-mails, collaborative computing, and other computer connections? A. technological organization B. global organization C. virtual organization D. boundaryless organization E. telecom organization
virtual organization
A team that consists of members who interact by computer network to collaborate on projects is called a(n) A. quality circle. B. virtual team. C. problem-solving team. D. self-managed team. E. informal team.
virtual team.
A supervisor has 40 employees under her; this would be considered a __________ span of control. A. wide B. complex C. formal D. tall E. simple
wide
Jose is performing an appraisal of Rene, one of his subordinates. The company's performance appraisal form asks him to rate Rene's performance on teamwork on a scale ranging from, "Always meets his commitments to fellow team members and is always ready to help them when needed," to "Consistently late in meeting commitments to team members and rarely does more than required." Jose's company has a(n) _________ system of performance appraisal. A. results B. objective C. trait D. BARS E. MBO
BARS
The type of performance appraisal that judges attributes like being on time for work is a(n) ____________. appraisal A. results. B. objective. C. trait. D. BARS. E. MBO.
BARS
Which of the following is a question a strong strategic plan must address? A. What is the assessment of the internal environment? B. How will the company handle their social responsibility? C. Who are the government regulators? D. Can the business execute the strategy? E. How will the business hire the right people?
Can the business execute the strategy?
Which of the following is the best statement of a goal? A. I want to lose weight. B. I want to lose 20 pounds by June 1, 2010. C. I want to lose 40% of my body mass by next month. D. I want to look better. E. I want to start losing weight soon.
I want to lose 20 pounds by June 1, 2010.
Research on the effects of participative management (PM) on employees' performance and satisfaction indicates that A. PM has no effect on either. B. PM has a small positive effect on both. C. PM has a large effect on satisfaction, but a small effect on performance. D. PM has a large positive effect on both. E. PM has a large effect on performance, but no significant effect on satisfaction.
PM has a small positive effect on both.
Which of the following is an advantage of small companies? A. Small companies are difficult to shut down. B. Small companies are unable to use the Internet to compete with large companies. C. Small companies can change directions quicker. D. Small companies have a higher start-up cost . E. Small companies have an overwhelming bureaucratic system.
Small companies can change directions quicker.
__________ is the tension people feel when they are facing or enduring extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities and are uncertain about their ability to handle them effectively. A. Eustress B. Stress C. Stressors D. Role overload E. Role ambiguity
Stress
Speed reading works well for material that is A. unfamiliar. B. easy. C. dense. D. complicated. E. All of the above.
easy
A __________ role consists of behavior that concentrates on getting the team's work done. A. maintenance B. social C. relationship-oriented D. task E. compromising
task
A __________ control style uses rules, regulations, and authority to elicit employee compliance. A. decentralized B. bureaucratic C. market D. clan E. flat
bureaucratic
The company's CEO puts pressure on the firm's R&D managers to develop products that can be created cheaply for the world's consumers. The firm would be following a ________ strategy: A. cost leadership B. differentiation C. cost focus D. retrenchment E. focused differentiation
cost leadership
To be _____________ means to use resources wisely and cost-effectively. A. efficient B. effective C. multiplied D. ethical E. innovative
efficient
__________ is defined as the extent to which a follower possesses the ability and willingness to complete a task. A. Personalized power B. Readiness C. Charisma D. Leader-member relations E. Task structure
Readiness
The reintroduction of a familiar practice within the same organization is called a(n) A. adaptive change. B. reactive change. C. innovative change. D. radically innovative change. E. proactive change.
adaptive change.
The trend of the world economy toward becoming a more interdependent system is called A. glocalization. B. global visioning. C. globalization. D. economic fragmentation. E. national devaluation.
globalization
Which of the following is a disadvantage of smaller groups? A. more formal team leaders B. work distribution given to all group members regardless of skill C. greater boldness D. more chances taken E. less knowledge
less knowledge
An entrepreneur who starts their own business out of a burning desire rather than because they lost a job is called a/an ________. A. necessity entrepreneur B. motivated entrepreneur C. opportunity entrepreneur D. abnormal entrepreneur E. chance entrepreneur
opportunity entrpreneur
Environmental factors that hinder an organization's achieving a competitive advantage are known as A. environmental threats. B. organizational opportunities. C. organizational threats. D. organizational weaknesses. E. completive disadvantages.
organizational threats.
When an organization plans effectively, it plans in three phases. Starting with the one that should come first, what is the correct order of these phases? A. operational, tactical, strategic B. operational, strategic, tactical C. tactical, operational, strategic D. tactical, strategic, operational E. strategic, tactical, operational
strategic, tactical, operational
The process of putting the company's strategic plans in place is called A. strategy formulation B. strategic control C. strategy implementation D. contingency planning E. trend analysis
strategy implementation
High self-efficacy has been linked to A. failure in physical tasks. B. success in mental tasks. C. increased anxiety. D. decreased tolerance for pain. E. learned helplessness.
success in mental tasks.
In a mechanistic organization, A. authority is decentralized. B. tasks and rules are clearly specified. C. employees are loosely supervised. D. informal communication is usually used. E. many teams and task forces are operating.
tasks and rules are clearly specified.
Which of the following organizations can be classified as a mutual-benefit organization? A. financial company B. union C. retail company D. hospital E. college
union
Roger Enrico of PepsiCo, had a clear sense of the future and the actions needed to get there. This is an example of a(n) A. mission. B. purpose. C. vision. D. performance. E. action plan.
vision
Allen is down on the factory floor helping to clear up a problem that occurred on the assembly line. He is acting in the ________ role. A. entrepreneur B. disturbance handler C. resource allocator D. negotiator E. liaison
disturbance handler
Younger workers today are more likely than older workers to: A. want more guidance. B. need more autonomy. C. be more patient in seeing the results of their work. D. desire financial rewards exclusively. E. appreciate a slower pace.
need more autonomy.
What is the fifth step in the strategic human resource management process? A. plan human resources needed B. perform appraisals of people C. recruit and select people D. identify social capital E. orient, train and develop people
recruit and select people
Using video and audio links to enable people at different locations to see, hear, and talk with each other is called A. telecommuting. B. teleconferencing. C. televideoing. D. collaborative computing. E. using the extranet.
teleconferencing
A department store pays its salespeople a percentage of the earnings from the goods the salespeople sell. This is an example of a ___________ compensation plan. A. pay for performance B. pay for knowledge C. bonus D. profit sharing E. gainsharing
bonus
The type of communication channel that develops outside the organizational structure and does not follow the chain of command is called a(n) __________ communication channel. A. vertical B. horizontal C. external D. formal E. informal
informal
Amy is in charge of the company newsletter. She provides the newsletter by both e-mail and hard copy to each employee. In the newsletter she includes changes in company policy, awards employees have received, and general interest articles about the company staff. Amy is participating in A. Information management B. E-management C. Project management D. Knowledge management E. Software management
Knowledge management
Riya, a manager, calls a meeting of her subordinates to tell them about the new benefits package. Riya is performing the ________ role. A. disseminator B. monitor C. spokesperson D. negotiator E. resource allocator
disseminator
Chris, a manager, attends meetings of the local city government council to lobby for tax breaks for his company. Chris is performing the ________ role. A. leadership B. figurehead C. liaison D. technical E. entrepreneur
liaison
Which of the following is a major trading bloc? A. GATT B. OPEC C. IMF D. MFO E. APEC
APEC
Which of the following is a primary objective of OD? A. managing conflict B. revitalizing an organization C. adapting to a merger D. adapting to an acquisition E. All of the above are primary objectives of OD.
All of the above are primary objectives of OD.
The theory of the hierarchy of human needs was developed by A. Maslow. B. Mayo. C. McGregor. D. Taylor. E. Fayol.
Maslow
The idea that workers are capable of accepting responsibility and working in a self-directed manner is representative of A. Theory X. B. Theory Y. C. Theory Z. D. hierarchy of needs. E. self-fulfilling prophecy.
Theory Y
A stakeholder group who provides reactions to new curriculum proposals by a university faculty is an example of a(n) A. production team. B. project team. C. product team. D. action team. E. advice team.
advice team.
In ABC Insurance, the hiring decisions are all made by top management. ABC is an example of a(n) ___________ organization. A. tall B. centralized C. nonprofit D. matrix E. organic
centralized
When using punishment, a manager should A. ignore undesirable behaviors. B. save reprimands until the end of the workday. C. combine punishment with negative reinforcement. D. make sure that other employees see you punishing the offender. E. clearly communicate the undesired behavior.
clearly communicate the undesired behavior.
Muhammad is conducting training of the end-users of a new computer system that is being installed. This project is in the ____________ stage. A. closing B. planning C. execution D. definition E. MBO
closing
In the performing stage, members A. prepare for disbandment. B. develop close relationships. C. test the leader's policies. D. hold back to see what will happen. E. concentrate on solving problems.
concentrate on solving problems.
Passing the buck or procrastinating about a decision are examples of A. panic. B. relaxed avoidance. C. relaxed change. D. decreased involvement. E. defensive avoidance.
defensive avoidance.
The ability to cope, empathize with others, and be self-motivated is called A. emotional intelligence. B. self-efficacy. C. self-monitoring. D. self-awareness. E. relationship management.
emotional intelligence.
Anthony's main focus is to complete his project on time. This project is in the ____________ stage. A. closing B. planning C. execution D. definition E. MBO
execution
A budget that allocates resources on the basis of a single estimate of costs is called a(n) ________ budget. A. zero-based B. fixed C. cash D. incremental E. variable
fixed
Demographic forces are part of the __________ environment of organizations. A. legal B. task C. general D. internal E. sociocultural
general
__________ managers accept that there are differences and similarities between home and foreign personnel and practices and that they should use whatever techniques are most effective. A. Geocentric B. Polycentric C. Expatriate D. Ethnocentric E. Global
geocentric
Effective communication begins with A. speaking. B. listening. C. the message. D. two people. E. breaking through noise.
listening
General Motors is currently in what stage of their organizational life cycle? A. birth stage B. maturity stage C. adolescent stage D. youth stage E. middle stage
maturity stage
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires that a company's chief executive officer and chief financial officer must comply with which of the following? A. must certify financial reports B. must keep a personal line of credit open C. must hire an ethics officer D. must hire a diversity officer E. must set procedures and guidelines for the Board of Directors
must certify financial reports
Business decision making may be __________, but often it is __________. A. ineffectual; based in fantasy B. practical; unpractical C. rational; nonrational D. unpractical; practical E. None of the above is accurate about decision making.
rational; nonrational
Boris has assembled a task force that is composed of people who don't know each other well. He should expect this group to make better decisions when A. it is a large group. B. the members have common knowledge. C. the group is confident. D. time pressure is high. E. individuals have specialized knowledge.
the members have common knowledge.
Which of the following statements about biased decision making is true? A. When you are making a decision and you have considerable experience in that area you are likely to be overconfident. B. When confronted with a choice, decision makers with strong prior beliefs tend to make their decision based on their beliefs even if their beliefs are false. C. The laws of randomness have no bearing on making an unbiased decision. D. You could confidently make a decision about something by asking ten of your friends and deciding based on their preferences. E. Hindsight is sometimes incorrect.
When confronted with a choice, decision makers with strong prior beliefs tend to make their decision based on their beliefs even if their beliefs are false.
__________ is a method for increasing creativity in which members of a group come together over a computer network to generate ideas and alternatives. A. PM B. TQM C. Brainwriting D. Mind mapping E. CADM
brainwriting
The tendency of the parts of an organization to draw together to achieve a common purpose is called A. conglomeration. B. differentiation. C. integration. D. decentralization. E. centralization.
integration.
The _________ identifies the goods or services the organization provides and will provide, and the reasons for providing them. A. mission statement B. purpose C. vision D. strategy E. tactics
mission statement
An administrator at a college is deciding whether English professors should teach specialized courses or teach a variety of English courses. This is an example of A. planning. B. organizing. C. leading. D. controlling. E. leadership.
organizing
In equity theory, employees are motivated to A. work harder all the time. B. resolve feelings of injustice. C. believe they aren't working hard enough. D. quit their jobs when they miss a day's work. E. work hard enough to get what they want.
resolve feelings of injustice.
In the context of Woodward's model, technology is A. information systems and hardware (e.g., computers) B. raw materials and supplies C. knowledge held by organizational members D. tools and ideas for creating outputs E. physical equipment used in production
tools and ideas for creating outputs
GE CEO Jeffrey Immelt is a A. first-line manager. B. middle manager. C. top manager. D. functional manager. E. comprehensive manager.
top manager
Which of the following is a behavior of a leader who executes? A. know your people and your business B. insist on realism C. follow through D. know yourself E. All of the above are behaviors of a leader who executes.
All of the above are behaviors of a leader who executes.
Which of the following is an appropriate media for a manager to praise an employee? A. e-mail B. telephone C. posting an announcement near the office coffee machine D. voicing a compliment E. All of the above would be appropriate media for a manager to praise an employee.
All of the above would be appropriate media for a manager to praise an employee.
Which of the following statements about delegation is true? A. Try not to let your employees solve problems on their own. B. Delegate HR matters. C. Delegate special tasks that your boss asked you to do. D. Don't delegate emergencies. E. Make your assignments to subordinates a bit outside of their training and motivation so they can "learn by doing."
Don't delegate emergencies.
The question that individuals ask during the storming stage of group development is A. How do I fit in? B. What's next? C. How can I best perform my role? D. What do the others expect me to do? E. What's my role here?
What's my role here?
Which kind of employee is most likely to command a higher salary? A. a person high in introversion B. a person with an internal locus of control C. a person low in conscientiousness D. a person low in learned helplessness E. a person low in tolerance for ambiguity
a person with an internal locus of control
Mindlessness" is characterized by which of the following attributes? A. acting from multiple perspectives B. automatic behavior C. engaging in new categories D. active engagement E. considering new ideas
automatic behavior
The competing values framework classifies organizational cultures into which of the following? A. symbolic, heroic, and basic cultures B. clan, adhocracy, market, and hierarchy cultures C. observable, espoused, and core cultures D. stable, flexible, and straight cultures E. observable, flexible, adhocracy, and market cultures
clan, adhocracy, market, and hierarchy cultures
Which of these viewpoints emphasized ways to manage work more efficiently? A. behavioral viewpoint B. quantitative viewpoint C. management science viewpoint D. classical viewpoint E. qualitative viewpoint
classical viewpoint
According to Constance Bagley, ethical decisions can be facilitated with the use of a(n) A. goal statement. B. law department. C. interdepartmental committee. D. decision tree. E. thought matrix.
decision tree
How much you like your job is called A. job involvement. B. organizational commitment. C. job enrichment. D. job satisfaction. E. job performance.
job satisfaction.
Apple is currently in what stage of its life cycle? A. birth stage B. maturity stage C. adolescent stage D. youth stage E. midlife stage
midlife stage
A budget that projects future sales is called a(n) A. expense budget B. revenue budget C. cash budget D. capital expenditures budget E. cash flow budget
revenue budget
Google founders Brin, Page, and Schmidt could best be described as which type of leaders? A. situational F. servant G. shared H. transactional I. leader-follower
shared
In organizations, there are managers at ___________ levels. A. one B. two C. three D. four E. five
three
The type of appraisal system that is least likely to be valid is the _________ system. A. objective B. results C. trait D. BARS E. MBO
trait
Managers in Company X have given employees raises year after year based on what they had given the year before even though these raises were completely out of line with what other companies are paying for the same skills. This is an example of a(n) A. anchoring and adjustment bias. B. escalation of commitment bias. C. recency effect. D. availability bias. E. representativeness bias.
anchoring and adjustment bias.
__________ is the notion that corporations are expected to go above and beyond following the law and making a profit. A. The blue sky concept B. The over the hill concept C. Corporate paternal responsibility D. Corporate social responsibility E. Corporate ethical responsibility
corporate social responsibility
The question "What is the problem?" would most likely be asked during the __________ stage of OD. A. unfreezing B. diagnosis C. adaptation D. process E. intervention
diagnosis
Productivity equals A. goods and services, divided by labor and capital and energy and materials. B. labor and capital, divided by goods and services and energy and materials. C. energy and materials, divided by labor and capital and goods and services. D. goods and services and labor and capital, divided by energy and materials. E. goods and services and energy and materials, divided by labor and capital.
goods and services, divided by labor and capital and energy and materials.
Zach is leader of a task force that has been charged with restructuring the order-processing system in the organization. The task force is composed of his peers from other departments in the organization. Most of them worked together before in a previous taskforce that was disbanded because of high levels of conflict in the group. Zach's situational control A. is low. B. is moderate. C. is high. D. is extremely high. E. cannot be determined from the information.
is low
The use of desirable consequences to encourage desirable behavior is called A. positive reinforcement. B. negative reinforcement. C. extinction. D. intrinsic motivation. E. valence.
positive reinforcement.
The influence tactic that employees cite as most used in a recent study on the topic is A. rational persuasion. B. inspirational appeals. C. ingratiation. D. consultation. E. pressure.
rational persuasion.
The Americans with Disabilities Act requires employers to A. hire all qualified disabled persons who apply. B. hire quotas of qualified disabled persons. C. reasonably accommodate an individual's disability. D. actively solicit job applications from disabled persons. E. hire disabled persons so they can obtain tax breaks.
reasonably accommodate an individual's disability.
Wal-Mart's low wage policy has forced Safeway to do which of the following? A. reduce benefits for their workers B. increase their hourly wage C. increase their product prices D. decrease their hourly wage E. increase benefits for their workers
reduce benefits for their workers
An organization where teams or workgroups, either temporary or permanent, are used to improve horizontal relations and solve problems throughout the organization uses a __________ structure. A. matrix B. conglomerate C. team-based D. hybrid E. network
team-based
Which of the following is an example of a force for change originating outside the organization? A. conflict management B. technological advancements C. structural reorganization D. employee problems E. absenteeism & turnover
technological advancements
The comprehensive approach to continuous quality improvement, training, and customer satisfaction is known as A. quality assurance. B. quality control. C. total quality management. D. reengineering. E. operations management.
total quality management
The type of performance appraisal that focuses on attitudes, initiatives, and leadership is a(n) __________ appraisal. A. objective B. trait C. BARS D. MBO E. 360-degree
trait
The abstract ideals that guide a person's thinking and behavior across all situations are called A. goals. B. attitudes. C. values. D. perceptions. E. personality.
values
A survey of 4,559 corporate managers in 36 industries found that U.S. executives thought their own companies gave innovation short shrift—only ______ percent felt their organizations could be respected for their leadership in this area. A. 4 B. 10 C. 15 D. 25 E. 30
4
By giving stock options to all employees who work 20 hours or more hours a week, Starbucks Corp., has been able to hold its annual turnover rate to ______ percent—in an industry in which 300% is not unheard of. A. 40 B. 50 C. 60 D. 70 E. 80
60
Deming proposed that when something goes wrong, chances are __________ that the system is at fault, and __________ that the individual worker is at fault. A. 15%, 85% B. 35%, 65% C. 50%, 50% D. 65%, 35% E. 85%, 15%
85%; 15%
Milton Friedman would have agreed with which of the following statements about social responsibility? A. A company will produce ever more quality goods and services when it practices social responsibility. B. A company will increase their sales when it practices social responsibility. C. A company will be able to create better jobs when it practices social responsibility. D. A company will not benefit the stockholders when it practices social responsibility. E. A company will provide blended value when it practices social responsibility.
A company will not benefit the stockholders when it practices social responsibility.
Which of the following statements about the adaptive cycle is true? A. Miles and Snow introduced this idea. B. The adaptive cycle means that businesses are continuously cycling through decisions about three kinds of business problems. C. Selecting and making adjustments of products and markets is one of the business problems that is part of the adaptive cycle. D. Establishing roles, relationships, and organizational processes are part of the adaptive cycle. E. All of the above statements are true of the adaptive cycle.
All of the above
__________ focuses on using mathematics to aid in problem solving and decision making. A. Scientific management B. Behavioral science C. Management science D. TQM E. Administrative management
Management science
Workgroups with too much conflict are characterized by A. dissatisfaction. B. political infighting. C. lack of teamwork. D. turnover. E. all of the above.
all of the above.
A(n) __________ is when people rely heavily on situational cues for meaning when communicating with others. A. core values system B. expatrianism lens C. societal value system D. low-context culture E. high-context culture
high-context culture
Cisco Systems told executives they would gain or lose 30% of their bonuses based on how well they worked with peers and in 3 years had record profits. The cause of the profit increase is most likely an example of A. increased speed. B. reduced costs. C. moderate productivity. D. improved workplace cohesiveness. E. improved quality.
improved workplace cohesiveness.
When a manager stops nagging a subordinate, the manager is using A. positive reinforcement. B. negative reinforcement. C. punishment. D. intrinsic motivation. E. extrinsic motivation.
negative reinforcement.
A subordinate communicating with his boss is communicating A. vertically. B. horizontally. C. externally. D. internally. E. informally.
vertically
Which of the following is a need-based perspective on motivation? A. Alderfer's ERG theory B. Expectancy Theory C. Job Characteristics Model D. Goal-setting Theory E. Equity theory
Alderfer's ERG theory
Which of the following is an example of an internal stakeholder of an organization? A. Distributors B. Suppliers C. Unions D. Individual workers E. Media
Individual workers
_________ focuses on the performance of workers, urging employees to strive for "zero defects". A. Quantity control B. Behavioral control C. Scientific management D. Systems control E. Quality assurance
Quality assurance
An example of a firm that pursues a differentiation strategy is A. Home Depot. B. Ritz-Carlton Hotels. C. discount gas stations. D. Rolls Royce. E. Wal-Mart.
Ritz Carlton Hotels
__________ consists of monitoring the execution of strategy and making adjustments, if necessary. A. Strategy formulation B. Strategic control C. Strategy implementation D. Contingency planning E. Situation analysis
Strategic control
Employees might feel they are being underpaid for what they do. This is an example of A. an attitude. B. greed. C. a perception. D. a stance. E. a fact.
a perception.
All of the following are characteristics of an entrepreneur EXCEPT A. high need for achievement B. ability to maintain a business C. belief in personal control of destiny D. high energy level and action oriented E. self confidence
ability to maintain a business
Which of the following is a contingency factor in the job characteristics model? A. desire for personal growth B. task identity C. experienced responsibility for work outcomes D. high work motivation E. feedback
desire for personal growth
The arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people is called an organization's A. span of control. B. chain of command. C. vertical specialization. D. division of labor. E. matrix division.
division of labor.
Control helps an organization A. adapt to change & uncertainty. B. detect opportunities. C. deal with complexity. D. decentralize decision making. E. do all of the above.
do all of the above.
__________ is the practice of a foreign company's exporting products abroad at a lower price than the price in the home market—or even below the costs of production—in order to drive down the price of the domestic product. A. Lifting B. Dumping C. Predatory selling D. Low cost production E. Foreign advantage
dumping
An innovative change involves _________ complexity, cost, and uncertainty. A. no B. minimum C. moderate D. high E. extreme
moderate
Job _________ is the opposite of job ___________. A. simplification; enrichment B. simplification; enlargement C. rotation; enrichment D. rotation; enlargement E. loading; enrichment
simplification; enlargement
Japan has increased the price of rice imported from the United States through a tax on American rice. This is a form of A. embargo. B. tariff. C. quota. D. predatory selling. E. GATT.
tariff
According to Herzberg, which of the following is an example of a motivating factor? A. the work itself B. working conditions C. company policy D. supervisors E. security
the work itself
Which of the following is an indicator of the balanced scorecard? A. internal threats B. financial measures C. external processes D. stakeholder satisfaction E. collaborative activities
financial measures
For managers, the importance of Maslow's contribution is that he showed that workers A. are only interested in earning a paycheck. B. expect an employer to fulfill every level of their hierarchy of needs. C. have needs beyond that of just earning a paycheck. D. are as complex as their organization. E. have needs that cannot be fulfilled by their employer.
have needs beyond that of just earning a paycheck.
A __________ is a person whose accomplishments embody the values of the organization. A. key employee B. vice-president C. hero D. superior E. staff member
hero
The second step in the control process is. A. evaluate performance. B. take corrective action, if necessary. C. establish standards. D. compare performance to standards. E. measure performance.
measure performance.
A __________ structure has a central core that is linked to outside independent firms by computer connections, which are used to operate as if all were a single organization. A. matrix B. conglomerate C. network D. hybrid E. mechanistic
network
The Colgate toothpaste that Colgate-Palmolive manufactures is an example of a(n) __________ of its manufacturing system. A. input B. transformational process C. output D. feedback loop E. byproduct
output
Which of the following is a barrier to communication? A. physical barriers B. work barriers C. expressing the message correctly D. good cell phone reception E. All of the above are barriers to communication.
physical barriers
The process of locating and attracting qualified applicants for jobs open in the organization is called A. selection. B. hiring. C. recruiting. D. job posting. E. interviewing.
recruiting.
Which of the following statements about polychronic time is true? A. Most people in Latin America have a polychromic view of time. B. Multitasking is present in this view of time. C. People who view time through a polychronic lens have a preference for doing more than one thing at a time. D. Arab cultures have a polychronic view of time. E. All of the above statements are true.
All of the above
__________ is the process of choosing among different strategies and altering them to best fit the organization's needs. A. Strategy formulation B. Strategic control C. Strategy implementation D. Contingency planning E. Situation analysis
Strategy formulation
Which kind of organization is most likely to try to exert too much control? A. clan B. market C. bureaucratic D. decentralized E. matrix
bureaucratic
During the growth stage of the product life cycle, managers would advance their attack by A. changing to a cost leadership strategy. B. changing to a differentiation strategy. C. changing to a cost-focus strategy. D. changing to a focused differentiation strategy. E. continuing with the strategy used in the introduction stage.
continuing with the strategy used in the introduction stage.
Carlos, a manager, keeps track of customer returns. He is engaged in A. organizing. B. producing. C. controlling. D. leading. E. planning.
controlling.
Operational control is performed by A. top managers. B. middle managers. C. first level managers. D. the CEO. E. team leaders.
first level managers.
Communications that follow the chain of command and are considered as official are known as A. vertical. B. horizontal. C. external. D. formal. E. informal.
formal.
At one GE factory, teamwork resulted in a workforce that manufactured 20% more product using the same amount of raw materials than comparable GE workforces elsewhere. This is an example of A. increased speed B. reduced costs C. increased productivity D. improved workplace cohesiveness E. improved quality
increased productivity
Which of the following factors is one that a manager should consider in deciding whether to use a group? A. need for quantity of decisions B. popularity with subordinates C. increasing acceptance of the decision D. development of the issues E. comprehensive discussion
increasing acceptance of the decision
People with __________ exhibit less anxiety, greater motivation, and stronger expectations that effort leads to performance. A. high self-efficacy B. high self-monitoring C. internal locus of control D. high tolerance for ambiguity E. high self-esteem
internal locus of control
A __________ describes the minimum qualifications a person must have to perform the job successfully. A. realistic job preview B. job specification C. job description D. BARS E. performance appraisal
job specification
Harold, a manager, pays close attention to employee productivity and how efficiently the assembly line is moving. Harold can best be described as a(n) __________ leader. A. path-centered B. job-centered C. employee-centered D. charismatic E. popular
job-centered
Issues of equity and fairness are usually tied to which of the following approaches to deciding ethical dilemmas? A. utilitarian B. justice C. individual D. moral idealism E. moral rights
justice
The general environment of an organization is also known as its A. microenvironment. B. macroenvironment. C. internal environment. D. task environment. E. climate.
macroenvironment
Which of the following is the final step of the strategic management process? A. formulate the strategic plans B. maintain strategic control C. establish the grand strategy D. establish the mission and vision E. carry out the strategic plans
maintain strategic control
In the growth stage of the product life cycle, most products are most likely A. making the most profits. B. making the least profits. C. making small profits. D. breaking even. E. losing money.
making the most profits
When you want your reader to take a logical action, you should lay out your ideas in writing by A. most important to least important. B. least controversial to most controversial. C. negative to positive. D. positive to negative. E. least important to most important.
most important to least important.
The Church of Latter Day Saints is an example of a A. multinational corporation. B. multinational organization. C. multicontinental corporation. D. multicultural organization. E. connected organization.
multinational organization
________ focuses on managing the production and delivery of an organization's products or services more effectively. A. Operations management B. Operations research C. Management science D. Scientific management E. Administrative management
operations management
People who can claim an organization as their legal property are called A. employees. B. owners. C. the Board of Directors. D. customers. E. financial institutions.
owners
Which of the following is a form of trade protectionism? A. expropriation B. export quota C. revenue quota D. protective tariff E. All of the above are forms of trade protectionism.
protective tariff
Managers who seek alternatives until they find one that is satisfactory but not optimal, are engaged in A. coalitioning. B. incrementing. C. satisficing. D. creating. E. intuitioning.
satisficing
The _________ a group is the __________ the quality of the decision. A. more diverse; lower B. smaller; higher C. more confident; higher D. more knowledgeable; lower E. larger, higher
smaller; higher
The tendency to attribute to an individual the characteristics one believes are typical of the group to which that individual belongs is called A. selective perception. B. stereotyping. C. the fundamental attribution error. D. the halo effect. E. self-fulfilling prophecy.
stereotyping.
At XYZ Company, employees set daily production goals and check the quality of their own products. XYZ has overcome which of the following barriers to success of control systems? A. overemphasis on one instead of multiple approaches B. overemphasis on paperwork C. overemphasis on means instead of ends D. too much control E. too little employee participation
too little employee participation
The plant manager who oversees the manufacture of Cheerios cereal is part of the __________ of the manufacturing system. A. inputs B. transformation processes C. outputs D. feedback E. organizational processes
transformation processes
Which of the following is a personal barrier to communication? A. poor speaking skills B. lack of trustworthiness C. differing frames of reference D. judging others' messages E. All of the above are personal barriers to communication.
All of the above are personal barriers to communication.
Which of the following is a good suggestion for handling a dismissal? A. Fire the person effective immediately, and have them escorted off the premises. B. Fire the person at the first sign of poor performance. C. Use the dismissed employee as an example to others to increase their productivity. D. Offer assistance to the dismissed employee in finding another job. E. Don't dismiss a poor-performing employee because they need your sympathy.
Offer assistance to the dismissed employee in finding another job.
In which stage in the rational decision-making model do you implement and evaluate the solution chosen? A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 D. Stage 4 E. This is not part of the rational decision-making model.
Stage 4
At the Big Apple Department Store, employees generally know that during annual inventory, they are required to work overnight shifts. This is an example of a(n) __________ change. A. adaptive B. reactive C. innovative D. proactive E. radically innovative
adaptive
Self-managed teams are groups of workers who have been given __________ for their task domains. A. group incentives B. administrative oversight C. specific procedures D. workspaces that are separated from the rest of the organization E. no technology
administrative oversight
Which of the following is the second stage in the strategic-management process? A. formulate the strategic plans B. maintain strategic control C. establish the grand strategy D. establish the mission and vision E. carry out the strategic plans
establish the grand strategy
A Scanlon plan is a type of ________ compensation plan. A. pay for knowledge B. pay for performance C. profit sharing D. gainsharing E. benchmarking
gainsharing
The blind unwillingness of a cohesive group to consider alternatives is called A. paradigm paralysis B. social loafing C. groupthink D. dialectical inquiry E. devil's advocacy
groupthink
According to Katz, which of the following principal skills is one that managers need? A. intuition B. evaluative C. human D. comprehensive E. coordination
human
Nike agrees with a Pakistani company that the Pakistani company can manufacture Nike running shoes and pay Nike a fee to distribute them in Pakistan. Nike has engaged in A. licensing. B. franchising. C. countertrading. D. a strategic alliance. E. a greenfield venture.
licensing
One effect of incremental budgeting is that it A. locks managers into stable spending arrangements. B. is flexible to changing environmental demands. C. is easy to compare different departments doing different activities. D. requires more time from managers than zero-based budgeting. E. has all of the above effects.
locks managers into stable spending arrangements.
The relationship between the level of conflict and workgroup performance is A. the higher the conflict, the higher the performance. B. the higher the conflict, the lower the performance. C. conflict is unrelated to the level of performance. D. more conflict raises performance up to a point; then increased conflict lowers performance. E. less conflict raises performance up to a point; then increased conflict raises performance.
more conflict raises performance up to a point; then increased conflict lowers performance.
Ivan is meeting with his subordinates to work out the numbers of positions for workers needed to handle production for the next 6 months. Ivan is involved in A. strategic planning. B. operational planning. C. tactical planning. D. controlling. E. developing an MBO.
operational planning
Which of the following is an on-the-job training method? A. role playing B. videotapes C. classroom programs D. planned work activities E. computer-assisted instruction
planned work activities
Barbara is identifying the facilities and equipment needed to make the "big picture" happen. This project is in the ___________ stage. A. closing B. planning C. execution D. definition E. vision
planning
In assessing how much situational control he has, a manager should consider which of the following? A. position power B. subordinate readiness C. level of relationship D. type of credibility E. ability of staff
position power
Which of the following is one of the organizational responses to uncertainty identified by Miles and Snow? A. investigator B. prospector C. planner D. developer E. relator
prospector
__________ focuses on the performance of workers, urging employees to strive for "zero defects". A. Quality control B. Quality assurance C. Total quality management D. Continuous improvement E. Reengineering
quality assurance
The strategy for minimizing errors by managing each stage of production is called A. zero defects. B. quality control. C. TQM. D. six sigma. E. lean manufacturing.
quality control
Operations research techniques have evolved into A. scientific management. B. behavioral science. C. quantitative methods. D. TQM. E. administrative management.
quantitative methods
The study of the meaning of words is called A. lexicography. B. rhetoric. C. semantics. D. morphology. E. cartology.
semantics.
The statement, "Young men are reckless," reflects a A. piece of jargon. B. stereotype. C. truth. D. cluster pattern. E. piece of gossip.
stereotype.
The __________ viewpoint sees organizations as entities with inputs, outputs, transformation processes, and feedback. A. contingency B. quality management C. operations management D. systems E. open loop
systems
Imelda is meeting with other managers to discuss how the departments within her division can work together in the next twenty-four months to support the organization's goals. She is participating in A. strategic planning. B. operational planning. C. tactical planning. D. controlling. E. writing a mission statement.
tactical planning
A UPS driver fails to perform according to the standards set for the route and traffic conditions. A supervisor rides along and gives suggestions for improvement. This is the ____________ stage of the control process. A. compare performance to standards B. establish standards C. take corrective action D. measure performance E. control productivity
take corrective action
Woodward's model stresses the important influence of _________ on ___________. A. culture; organizational design B. technology; organizational design C. environmental stability; organizational design D. technology; organizational culture E. environmental stability; organizational culture
technology; organizational design
A graphology test assesses a person's __________. A. integrity B. conscientiousness C. handwriting D. drawing ability E. extroversion
handwriting
During the introduction stage, managers should A. become more aggressive. B. raise prices. C. leave the market as fast as possible. D. adopt a defensive posture. E. invest in inventory and staff.
invest in inventory and staff.
The need that is met by providing autonomy and control to employees over how they do their jobs is A. self-actualization. B. esteem. C. love. D. safety. E. physiological.
self-actualization.
Matilde is conducting a performance appraisal on Wayne, one of her subordinates. The company's performance appraisal form asks her to rate Wayne's performance on "ability as a leader" on a scale from 1 to 5. Matilde's company has a(n) _________ appraisal system. A. results B. objective C. trait D. BARS E. MBO
trait
Which of the following is an example of the full-range approach to leadership? A. e-leadership B. transactional leadership C. Hersey & Blanchard's situational leadership model D. Kouzes & Posner's model E. House's model
transactional leadership
Mary Ann has just taken over as head of production for MAJ Company. She would like to improve the productivity of her unit. Which of the following should she immediately embark upon to achieve the best results? A. Use established technology since her employees are familiar with it. B. Establish a system of measurement. C. Assign her employees to a new operation so each has an opportunity to try something new. D. Hire any new employees such that they are similar to those already on the team. E. Immediately cut costs.
Establish a system of measurement.
__________ attempts to achieve sustainable competitive advantage by preserving what is distinctive about a company. A. Strategic segmentation B. Strategic positioning C. Competitive planning D. Distinctive positioning E. Collaborative planning
Strategic positioning
During the adjourning stage, the leader should A. celebrate rituals. B. emphasize unity. C. help members work through conflicts. D. provide opportunities for people to get to know each other. E. allow members to work on tasks.
celebrate rituals.
A quality control system is an example of a ___________resource control. A. physical B. human C. financial D. informational E. capital
physical
Project planning is most often followed by A. project management. B. task management. C. project maintenance. D. activities management. E. project financing.
project management
Which of the following is considered, legally, to be an employment test? A. personality tests B. interviews C. application forms D. checking experience requirements E. All of the above are legally considered employment tests.
All of the above are legally considered employment tests.
Susanna loves going to parties, where she talks to everyone there. Susanna is probably high in A. emotional stability. B. conscientiousness. C. extroversion. D. agreeableness. E. openness to experience.
extroversion.
Which of the following sequences best describes how a manager can foster innovation in an organization? A. recognize problems, gain allies, reward employees B. recognize problems, overcome resistance, empower employees C. overcome resistance, empower employees, provide incentives D. recognize problems, empower employees, devise solutions E. reorganize, change culture, devise solutions
recognize problems, gain allies, reward employees
Reduction in the steps of a work process is also called A. reduced cycle time. B. reduced process control. C. reduced resourcing. D. restructuring. E. quality analysis.
reduced cycle time.
Men's Wearhouse fired a salesman who wasn't sharing walk-in customer traffic, and total clothing sales volume among all salespeople (who work on commission) increased significantly. Which of the following workplace improvements does this example best suggest? A. increased speed B. reduced costs C. improved quality D. reduced destructive internal competition E. decreased productivity
reduced destructive internal competition
Changing drinking habits have led to an increase in wine sales and a decrease in whiskey sales. This is an example of a(n) _______ change. A. market B. social & political C. demographic D. technological E. economic
social & political
Leila works during her meeting to pull together the ideas of her committee members into a coherent whole. Leila is performing a ___________ role. A. maintenance B. relationship-oriented C. task D. social E. harmonizing
task
The pattern of values within an organization is known as its A. code of ethics. B. value system. C. moral code. D. moral rights. E. code of conduct.
value system
Karen has just completed an assessment that indicates that her employees lack technological expertise to produce a new product line. She has discovered one of her firm's A. strengths B. weaknesses C. opportunities D. threats E. market challenges
weaknesses
According to the text, a small firm is likely to benefit significantly from strategic planning A. regardless of the nature of its industry. B. when it is in a very competitive industry. C. when it is in a very non-competitive industry. D. when it is in a very stable industry. E. when it is in a very small market.
when it is in a very competitive industry.
ABC Company operated as a Polish independent business in Poland until it was purchased by the American XYZ Corporation. ABC is now a __________ of XYZ Corporation. A. maquiladora B. strategic ally C. wholly owned subsidiary D. greenfield venture E. franchiser
wholly owned subsidiary
The _________ effect states that your influence on the organization is multiplied far beyond the results that can be achieved by just one person acting alone. A. organization B. managerial C. multiplier D. halo E. Hawthorne
multiplier
Which of the following is a principle of Deming management? A. Quality should be aimed at the needs of the consumer. B. Companies should aim at improving the system. C. Improved quality leads to increased market share. D. Quality can be improved on the basis of hard data. E. All of the above are Deming management principles.
All of the above are Deming management principles.
Which of the following is a reason to fire an employee for cause? A. The employee breaks the law. B. The employee has sloppy work habits. C. The employee has excessive absenteeism. D. The employee interacts poorly with customers E. All of the above are reasons to fire an employee for cause.
All of the above are reasons to fire an employee for cause.
Which of the following is a secret of a successful e-leader? A. follow the strategy you set B. be a transactional leader C. use screening devices to keep information inflow to a minimum D. create a "teachable vision" E. create a better status quo
create a "teachable vision"
A nation's __________ is the shard set of beliefs, values, knowledge, and patterns of behavior common to a group of people. A. economic policies B. culture C. societal pattern D. demography E. political thought process
culture
The theory that suggests that people are motivated by how much they want something and how likely they think they are to get it is called A. goal-setting theory. B. expectancy theory. C. reinforcement theory. D. equity theory. E. two-factor theory.
expectancy theory.
According to Fiedler's model, to find out what her management style is, a manager would have A. her boss fill out a questionnaire. B. a consultant observe her behavior. C. her employees fill out a questionnaire. D. her coworkers fill out a questionnaire. E. her customers fill out a questionnaire.
her employees fill out a questionnaire.
At XYZ Inc., specialists from marketing, manufacturing, finance, and engineering departments work closely together on new product development teams. XYZ is A. highly differentiated. B. a centralized organization. C. highly integrated. D. a mechanistic organization. E. a conglomerate.
highly integrated.
Pat, a manager at State University, is deciding how to set up a procedure for registering on-line that gives students fair access to courses. Pat is engaged in the ________ approach. A. utilitarian B. individual C. moral-rights D. justice E. environmental
justice
Organizations that actively create, acquire, and transfer knowledge within themselves and are able to modify their behavior to reflect this new knowledge are called __________ organizations. A. TQM B. learning C. Theory X D. Theory Y E. teaching
learning
Jim wants to convince Rita to change her mind about a proposal she has been supporting. The strategy that Jim should adopt for laying out his ideas is A. most important to least important. B. least controversial to most controversial. C. negative to positive. D. positive to negative. E. least important to most important.
least controversial to most controversial.
Which of the following is an example of an employee benefit? A. commissions B. bonuses C. legal advice D. worker's compensation E. stock options
legal advice
McDonald's has a procedure for making hamburgers that specifies the order in which ketchup and mustard are put onto the burger. McDonald's is a(n) ____________ organization. A. hybrid B. integrated C. mechanistic D. flat E. organic
mechanistic
Organizational size is usually measured by A. profits. B. revenues. C. number of employees. D. number of customers. E. number of locations.
number of employees.
John is intelligent, imaginative and broadminded; he is probably high in _________. A. emotional stability B. conscientiousness C. extroversion D. openness to experience E. self-monitoring
openness to experience
An organization might ask for more frequent strategic control reports if the organization is A. a consumer packaged goods company. B. very small. C. formal in organizational structure. D. operating in an uncertain environment. E. decentralized.
operating in an uncertain environment.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a successful incentive pay plan? A. complex B. hard-to-discover goals C. easy-to-obtain goals D. plan that is consistent with the organization's existing goals E. little communication with employees about the incentive plan
plan that is consistent with the organization's existing goals
New MBAs sometimes expect the employees they supervise to be obedient for obedience's sake. The level of personal moral development for which this statement is an example is the __________ level according to Kohlberg. A. conventional B. unconventional C. preconventional D. postconventional E. anti-conventional
preconventional
Introducing a practice that is new to the industry is called a(n) __________ change. A. radically innovative B. innovative C. adaptive D. reactive E. incremental
radically innovative
Alejandro compliments his subordinate Joe on the great job he did on the weekly report, and also informs his own boss about Joe's great work. Alejandro is using __________ power. A. legitimate B. referent C. reward D. punishment E. expert
reward
Bartolome is participating with other managers in a discussion about what his organization's goals should be for the next five years. He is participating in A. strategic planning. B. operational planning. C. tactical planning. D. controlling. E. writing a mission statement.
strategic planning
Which of the following is an effect of global economic interdependency? A. increased economic activity B. the easy flow of money throughout the world C. outsourcing D. the tremendous emphasis on speed, flexibility, versatility, and permanent change. E. All of the above are effects of global economic interdependency.
All of the above are effects of global economic interdependency.
Which of the following is one of the forces that affects industry competition, according to Porter? A. bargaining power of buyers B. bargaining power of suppliers C. threats of new entrants D. substitute products and services E. All of the above are forces that affect industry competition according to Porter.
All of the above are forces that affect industry competition according to Porter.
Which of the following is a reason why an employee may be transferred? A. her skills are needed in another part of the organization B. retain her interest and motivation by being presented with a new challenge C. personal differences with her present boss D. broaden her experience E. All of the above are good reasons to transfer an employee.
All of the above are good reasons to transfer an employee.
Which of the following would be an indicator for an organization that change might be needed? A. excessive conflict between managers and employees B. job dissatisfaction C. high absenteeism D. unmet needs E. All of the above are indicators that change might be needed in the organization.
All of the above are indicators that change might be needed in the organization.
Which of the following is a means for achieving integration? A. formal chain of command B. standardized rules and procedures C. use of cross-functional teams D. use of computer networks E. All of the above are means for achieving integration.
All of the above are means for achieving integration.
Which of the following is an example of noise in the communication process? A. groundskeepers mowing the lawn outside the classroom window B. during a professor's lecture, student in the back of the classroom is working on a homework assignment for a different class C. uncomfortable classroom desks D. an attractive person walking by the open classroom door E. All of the above are potentially noise .
All of the above are potentially noise .
Which of the following is a way in which nonverbal communication is expressed? A. interpersonal space B. eye contact C. facial expressions D. touch E. All of the above are ways in which nonverbal communication is expressed.
All of the above are ways in which nonverbal communication is expressed.
Bad planning usually is a result of which of the following? A. information overload B. ineffective group dynamics C. poor assessment of an organization's capabilities D. faulty assumptions about the future E. Bad planning usually results from all of the above.
Bad planning usually results from all of the above.
________ is appropriate for complex issues plagued by misunderstanding. A. Avoiding B. Collaborating C. Compromising D. Forcing E. Accommodating
Collaborating
__________ occur(s) when people are hired or promoted—or denied hiring or promotion—for reasons not relevant to the job. A. Affirmative action B. Discrimination C. Hiring quotas D. Quid pro quo E. Environmental attention
Discrimination
__________ means that anyone can be dismissed at any time for any reason at all—or for no reason. A. Employment at will B. Capricious dismissal C. Quid pro quo D. Non-rational dismissal E. Holistic dismissal
Employment at will
__________ values are the values and norms actually exhibited in the organization. A. Implicit F. Espoused G. Enacted H. Encumbered I. Evolutionary
Enacted
Which theory has no classification for lower-level needs? A. McCelland's Acquired Needs Theory B. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs C. Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory D. All of these theories have a classification for lower-level needs.
McCelland's Acquired Needs Theory
Which piece of legislation established the U.S. retirement system? A. Wagner Act B. Social Security Act C. Taft-Hartley Act D. Occupational Safety and Health Act E. Civil Rights Act
Social Security Act
Which of the following is most likely the most bureaucratic organization? A. Southwest Airlines B. U.S. Army C. General Electric D. Levi Strauss E. Ritz Carlton
U.S. Army
The principal organization that provides low-interest loans to developing nations for improving their infrastructures is called the A. World Bank. B. World Trade Organization. C. International Monetary Fund. D. World Health Organization. E. GATT.
World Bank
Which of the following questions is part of the ethical decision tree? A. Is the proposed action illegal? B. Does it minimize shareholder value? C. Is it unethical? D. Would it be ethical not to take the action? E. Should the effect be disclosed to shareholders?
Would it be ethical not to take the action?
According to Tom Peters and Nancy Austin, at what level(s) is leadership present in effective organizations? A. top management B. middle management C. first-level management D. functional management E. all levels of management
all levels of management
A manager decides to use a contingency approach in determining the best kind of structure for her organization. Which of the following is a factor that she would consider? A. size B. environmental conditions C. technology D. life cycle E. All of the above are factors that she would consider.
all of the above
Organizations can help to make innovation happen by A. creating a culture that celebrates failure. B. supporting innovation with resources. C. rewarding successful innovations. D. rewarding R & D people in a similar way to salespeople. E. all of the above.
all of the above.
When using a self-managed team, a manager should A. create the team within the existing structure. B. create lucrative individual bonuses. C. allow members to hire their own co-workers. D. provide training for supervisors and team members. E. provide elaborate retreats for team discussions.
allow members to hire their own co-workers.
During the forming stage, the leader should A. establish permanent control. B. empower team members. C. allow people to become acquainted. D. encourage disagreement. E. work through team conflicts.
allow people to become acquainted.
Performance appraisal consists of A. informal and formal feedback. B. setting standards and monitoring performance. C. assessing performance and providing feedback. D. motivating and counseling. E. monitoring and motivating.
assessing performance and providing feedback.
When a manager uses only the information he remembers to make a decision, he is suffering from A. availability bias. B. anchoring bias. C. adjustment bias. D. representativeness bias. E. escalation of commitment.
availability bias.
Rosalita sees that Khalil, her co-worker, is late again. She is angry because this causes her to handle his phone calls. When Khalil finally arrives, Rosalita decides to wait until she cools off. Rosalita is using the _______ conflict-handling style. A. avoiding B. collaborating C. compromising D. forcing E. accommodating
avoiding
Compared to women, men tend to A. pay more compliments. B. temper criticism with praise. C. ask more questions. D. use more "we" statements. E. be more blunt.
be more blunt.
The concept that suggests that the ability of decision makers to be rational is limited by numerous constraints is called A. information overload. B. bounded rationality. C. groupthink. D. defensive avoidance. E. anchoring and adjustment.
bounded rationality
To prevent groupthink, a manager should A. reinforce how good the group is. B.never admit errors to outsiders. C. bring outsiders into the group regularly. D. encourage everyone to "get with the team." E. express high confidence in the group's decisions.
bring outsiders into the group regularly.
XYZ Corporation competes in a stable environment with minimal competition and "cash cow" products. XYZ should use a __________ control style. A. clan B. market C. decentralized D. bureaucratic E. tall
bureaucratic
Which of the following is a mechanism that contributes to a measurement-managed company's success? A. companies focus on measuring activities instead of results B. managers put trust in informal feedback systems C. managers develop the measurement systems D. clear communication E. actions used to fine-tune the organization
clear communication
The three least used influence tactics, according to a recent survey of employees, are A. inspirational appeals, rational persuasion, and consultation. B. rational persuasion, pressure, and exchange. C. rational persuasion, coalition tactics, and upward appeals. D. coalition, pressure, and legitimating. E. inspirational appeals, coalition tactics, and pressure.
coalition, pressure, and legitimating.
Keeping track of what competitors are doing is called A. forecasting. B. contingency planning. C. strategic control. D. pursuing a differentiation strategy. E. competitive intelligence.
competitive intelligence.
When analyzing the "O" in SWOT analysis, a manager might be assessing A. competitors' actions. B. absenteeism among employees. C. good morale among workers. D. high service levels. E. good financial position.
competitors' actions.
When analyzing the "T" in SWOT analysis, a manager might be assessing A. competitors' actions. B. employee absenteeism. C. strong corporate culture. D. high service levels. E. the firm's assets.
competitors' actions.
According to Kotter, management and leadership are considered ________. A. opposites B. parallel to each other C. complementary to each other D. equal to each other E. to have some similarities
complementary to each other
The influence tactic that gets others to participate in a decision or change is A. rational persuasion B. inspirational Appeals C. consultation D. ingratiating tactics E. personal appeals
consultation
The approach to leadership that suggests that effective leadership behavior depends on the situation at hand is the ___________ approach. A. trait B. contingency C. behavioral D. transformational E. transactional
contingency
The creation of alternative hypothetical but equally likely future conditions is called A. contingency planning. B. trend analysis. C. balancing the scorecard. D. strategy formulation. E. forecasting.
contingency planning
Improving future plans is part of which step in the planning/control cycle? A. making the plan B. carrying out the plan C. benchmarking against competitors D. controlling the direction E. updating the plan
controlling the direction
Timex Watch makes inexpensive but reliable watches sold throughout the U.S. and is an example of an organization pursuing a _________ strategy. A. cost leadership B. differentiation C. cost focus D. focused differentiation E. retrenchment
cost leadership
Maria recently read a trade article about creating a learning organization. She thought it was exactly the type of organization she wanted to lead. As CEO of ABC Company she then held a meeting with her direct reports and most likely asked them to do which one of the following things that would best help her in creating the learning organization she aspired to lead? A. create chaos to support new-idea generation B. encourage heated debates on every proposed idea C. encourage staff not to invest in ABC company so that "all of their eggs are not in one basket." D. restrict training to save expenses and improve the balance sheet E. create a psychologically safe environment
create a psychologically safe environment
The top executives at the Lemon Automobile Company have recognized that they are much slower than their competition at getting new designs to market. The problem seems to stem from problems in coordinating among the various functional departments that are involved in the new car design process. The company should A. loosen up its rules and procedures. B. encourage employees to stay within their own functional areas. C. require managers to stay out of the new car development process. D. create cross-functional teams for development. E. cancel all social events for employees.
create cross-functional teams for development.
Which of the following is an example of an external stakeholder of an organization? A. the barista at Starbucks B. the Starbucks district manager C. the President and CEO of Starbucks D. owners of Starbucks stock E. customers who go to Starbucks for a latte
customers who go to Starbucks for a latte
Giorgio, a manager, redesigns the work of his subordinates, such that each person completes one part of the total work process, repeating this part throughout the day. Previously, each person completed several steps of the process. Giorgio has A. increased task identity. B. decreased task identity. C. increased task significance. D. decreased task significance. E. decreased autonomy.
decreased task identity.
The process of assigning meaningful authority and responsibility to managers and employees lower in the hierarchy is called A. accountability. B. responsibility. C. delegation. D. authority. E. position power.
delegation.
Cape Cod Potato Chips, a small business in Massachusetts, finds that 60% of the qualified candidates for open jobs are women This is the first time that women have comprised over half of the qualified candidate pool. This is an example of a(n) _________ change. A. market B. demographic C. social D. political E. economic
demographic
Fred, an OD consultant, is designing a survey of employee attitudes to be given to workers at the Lemon Automobile Company. Fred is in the _________ stage of OD. A. intervention B. diagnosis C. evaluation D. process consultation E. technostructural
diagnosis
An organization that is offering unique, superior products or services to a wide market is pursuing a strategy of A. cost leadership. B. differentiation. C. cost focus. D. retrenchment. E. focused differentiation.
differentiation
Which of the following would be associated with operational planning? A. decisions about the overall direction of the organization B. managers who pay attention to the environment outside of the organization C. implementation of policies and plans of top management D. directing daily tasks of nonmanagerial personnel E. making decisions without clearly defined procedures
directing daily tasks of nonmanagerial personnel
A(n) __________ is a person or organization that helps another organization sell its goods and services to customers. A. supplier B. distributor C. strategic ally D. special interest group E. upstream company
distributor
Which of the following is a suggested strategy for reducing unhealthy stressors in organizations? A. rollout employee assistance programs B. recommend a holistic wellness approach C. create a supportive environment D. make jobs interesting E. do all of the above
do all of the above
The practice of a foreign company's exporting products abroad at a lower price than the costs of production, in order to drive down the price of the domestic product, is called A. dumping. B. import quotation . C. reverse embargo. D. free trade. E. tariff setting.
dumping
Negative conflict is sometimes called __________ conflict: A. functional B. aggressive C. apathetic D. dysfunctional E. intermittent
dysfunctional
Which type of leader manages for global networks? A. situational B. e-leader C. shared D. transactional E. networked
e-leader
A manager needs to communicate about a routine situation with someone she knows whose physical location is not far from her office. Generally, which of the following should the manager use? A. videoconferencing B. telephone C. e-mail D. face-to-face meeting E. newsletter
When your intended message is sent accurately in the least amount of time, you are a(n) A. formal communicator. B. external communicator. C. collaborative communicator. D. effective communicator. E. efficient communicator.
efficient communicator.
Meg is very relaxed and secure. Meg is probably high in A. emotional stability. B. conscientiousness. C. extroversion. D. agreeableness. E. openness to experience.
emotional stability.
United Airlines is 55% employee owned through a mechanism called A. participative management. B. bond sharing. C. employee stock ownership. D. profit sharing. E. the Callaway plan.
employee stock ownership
In her meeting with her workgroup, Yolanda thanks each person who contributes an idea and finds something good to say about it. Yolanda is acting in the ________ role. A. encourager B. standard setter C. harmonizer D. compromiser E. collaborator
encourager
Jerry, a worker, goes to Hilary, his boss, and complains that even though he's the best performer in the work unit, he is being paid the least. Hilary should A. tell Jerry "That's just the way it is." B. suggest that Jerry quit. C. expect that Jerry's performance will decline. D. start documenting Jerry's complaints for future disciplinary action. E. expect that Jerry's performance will improve.
expect that Jerry's performance will decline.
When a manager stops giving a worker a positive reward as she had previously been doing, the manager is engaged in A. positive reinforcement. B. negative reinforcement. C. extinction. D. intrinsic motivation. E. punishment.
extinction.
Which of these actions should a speaker take as a sign that her message is being understood by her listeners in the United States? A. frowning B. crossing arms C. scratching heads D. eye contact E. yawning
eye contact
Do you actually listen when they're talking? This is most likely a test of which personal barrier that contributes to communication? A. tendency to judge others' messages B. variable skills in communicating effectively C. inability to listen with understanding D. faulty listening skills E. stereotypes and prejudices
faulty listening skills
The most important thing a good mission statement should express is the A. organization's attitude toward its employees. B. geographical areas in which the firm will compete. C. firm's basic technology. D. firm's purpose. E. firm's major strengths.
firm's purpose.
What cultural perspective assumes that an organization's culture must align with its business or strategic context? A. strength perspective B. fit perspective C. strategic perspective D. conditional perspective E. adaptive perspective
fit perspective
An organization that offers unique, superior products or services to a narrow market is pursuing a strategy of A. cost leadership. B. differentiation . C. cost focus. D. retrenchment. E. focused differentiation.
focused differentiation
Employees at ABC Manufacturing belong to the Widget Makers Union. The union has struck or come close to striking several times over the past 25 years. Labor negotiations have historically been very tense. ABC most likely needs to focus on changing A. forces originating outside the organization. B. the number of mergers & acquisitions that occur. C. forces originating inside the organization. D. manufacturing. E. supply chain management.
forces originating inside the organization.
Michelle, a manager, tells Alejandro, her subordinate, that the work must be done according to procedure. Michelle is using the ________ conflict-handling style. A. avoiding B. collaborating C. compromising D. forcing E. accommodating
forcing
A vision or projection of the future is called a A. trend. B. forecast. C. contingency. D. strategy. E. threat.
forecast
A group that is created to do something productive for the organization and is headed by a leader is called a(n) A. loafing group B. normative group C. informal group D. network group E. formal group
formal group
The influence tactic least likely to result in the enthusiastic commitment of employees is A. consultation. B. rational persuasion. C. inspirational appeals. D. offering to trade favors. E. forming a coalition.
forming a coalition.
A company allows a foreign firm to pay it a fee and a share of the profits for using the first company's brand name and a package of materials and services. This is called A. outsourcing. B. franchising. C. licensing. D. countertrading. E. a joint venture.
franchising
Burger King provides the use of its name plus operating know-how to companies in Canada in return for a fee plus a percentage of profits. Burger King is A. licensing. B. franchising. C. countertrading. D. involved in a strategic alliance. E. involved in a greenfield venture.
franchising
The movement of goods and services among nations without political or economic obstruction is called A. trade policy. B. free trade. C. trade protectionism. D. privatization. E. trade embargo.
free trade
Charity Hospital has a Chief of Medical Services, a Director of Administrative Services, and a Director of Outpatient Services. Charity has a ___________ structure. A. functional B. simple C. divisional D. matrix E. conglomerate
functional
In which of the following structures are people with similar occupational specialties put together in formal groups? A. functional structures B. product divisions C. conglomerates D. matrix organizations E. geographic divisions
functional structures
In Vernon's department at XYZ Company, employees get money based on how much the department has been able to save in costs. This is an example of a ____________ compensation plan. A. pay for performance B. pay for knowledge C. bonus D. profit sharing E. gainsharing
gainsharing
Which of the following is considered a demographic characteristic? A. lifestyle B. gender C. health and fitness level D. personal influences E. unemployment
gender
A female professor uses sports analogies in illustrating her lectures to a group of male students. She is said to be A. a feminist. B. genderflexing. C. copping out. D. miscommunicating. E. ingratiating.
genderflexing.
Alvin is a manager who accepts that differences and similarities exist between home and foreign personnel and practices, and that the company should use whatever techniques are most effective. Alvin can be described as a(n) __________ manager. A. ethnocentric B. polycentric C. geocentric D. expatriate E. global
geocentric
The purpose of the strategic human resource process is to A. establish the organization's vision. B. establish the grand strategy. C. formulate the strategic plans. D. plan the human resources needed. E. get optimal work performance to help realize company's mission and vision.
get optimal work performance to help realize company's mission and vision.
The introduction to a business speech should A. always contain at least one joke. B. consist of 20 - 30% of the total speaking time. C. get right to the point. D. contain significant details of the presentation. E. always contain an unrelated story to catch the interest of the audience.
get right to the point.
Joe manages Gabrielle. Gabrielle has a highly internal locus of control. Joe should A. put Gabrielle in a highly structured job. B. closely supervise Gabrielle's work. C. give Gabrielle considerable freedom in the job. D. give Gabrielle a job with much social contact with coworkers and customers. E. pay Gabrielle a straight salary.
give Gabrielle considerable freedom in the job.
From the University of Michigan and Ohio State studies, one management expert concluded that effective leaders tend to do all but one of the following. Which one? A. give clear orders and expect them to be carried out B. have supportive relationships with employees C. use group rather than individual methods of supervision D. set high performance goals E. have an employee-centered leadership style
give clear orders and expect them to be carried out
During Lewin's "changing" stage, managers should A. give employees the tools for change. B. reinforce the desired change. C. give people new models of behavior. D. reduce the barriers to change. E. make employees dissatisfied with the present situation.
give people new models of behavior.
Gossip and rumor are part of the __________, the organization's __________ communication channel. A. culture; informal B. organization chart; informal C. grapevine; informal D. grapevine; formal E. organization chart; formal
grapevine; informal
ABC Company has developed new products to appeal to more potential buyers. ABC is pursuing a ___________ strategy. A. growth B. stability C. defensive D. reorganization E. reactor
growth
The "grand strategies" are A. cost-leadership, differentiation, cost focus, focused differentiation. B. "SWOT." C. growth, stability, defensive . D. defender, prospector, analyzer, reactor. E. introduction, growth, maturity, decline.
growth, stability, defensive
Fernando, a manager in a retail store, is changing the work schedule of his long-term employees for the holiday season. He is using the same basic schedule as he did last year. Fernando should expect that his employees will be A. terribly upset and quit. B. terribly upset but not quit. C. moderately upset and quit. D. moderately upset but not quit. E. hardly upset, or not upset at all.
hardly upset, or not upset at all.
Which of the following is an effective way to deal with change and innovation? A. insist on success B. further increase work rules and hierarchy C. copy others' successes D. have the courage to follow your ideas E. jump right into it
have the courage to follow your ideas
A manager's primary purpose in performance appraisal should be to A. fulfill the requirements of the management job. B. help the subordinate improve his performance. C. show that the manager knows more than the subordinate. D. make sure that the subordinate's behavior is tightly controlled. E. avoid legal problems, especially discrimination complaints.
help the subordinate improve his performance.
When using goal-setting theory to motivate employees, managers should A. set "stretch" targets that are just out of employees' reach. B. help workers understand and accept the goals. C. set general goals that are visually attractive. D. hold employees responsible for getting their own feedback. E. set goals that are easily achievable.
help workers understand and accept the goals.
Mark prefers working alone, is comfortable taking moderate risks, and feels good when excelling at his goals. Mark probably has a A. high need for achievement. B. high need for affiliation. C. high need for power. D. low need for achievement. E. high need for leadership.
high need for achievement.
Janet prefers work that involves talking to many people and being very social. Janet probably has a A. low need for affiliation. B. low need for power. C. low need for achievement. D. high need for affiliation. E. high need for achievement.
high need for affiliation.
Kirsten supervises the pool of word processors who serve the entire group of lawyers at her law firm. Kirsten gets along well with her people, and has worked hard to create detailed procedures and instructions for every type of legal document that the typists might encounter. Kirsten hires and fires, gives out work assignments, does performance appraisals and decides on promotions. Kirsten has A. low task structure. B. high situational control. C. low leader-member relations. D. low position power. E. high charisma.
high situational control.
Ethnocentrism is most likely linked to A. higher performance by foreign subsidiaries. B. high turnover among employees in foreign subsidiaries. C. fewer lawsuits of foreign subsidiaries. D. better recruitment of employees in foreign subsidiaries. E. better quality products from foreign subsidiaries.
high turnover among employees in foreign subsidiaries.
When analyzing the "W" in SWOT analysis, a manager might be assessing A. possible challenges in the market. B. competitors' actions. C. high turnover of employees. D. good financial resources of the firm. E. governmental actions.
high turnover of employees.
Which of the following is an advantage of smaller groups? A. less interaction; more work accomplished B. more formal team leaders C. higher morale D. more innovation E. the best members do more work than others
higher morale
Jeremy shares information with his fellow task-force members about their project. Jeremy is communicating A. externally. B. downward. C. upward. D. horizontally. E. through the grapevine
horizontally
Zach manages a small video rental store. In order to determine if strategic planning will be likely to help his business, Zach should primarily assess A. how many competitors he has. B. foot traffic by his location. C. his profitability in the prior six months. D. industry trends. E. all of the above.
how many competitors he has.
The economic or productive potential of employee knowledge and actions is called A. economic capital. B. social capital. C. potential capital. D. productive capital. E. human capital.
human capital.
The activities managers perform to plan for, attract, develop and retain an effective workforce are called A. strategic planning. B. contingency planning. C. job analysis. D. human resource management. E. performance appraisal.
human resource management.
Teamwork A. improves quality and decreases productivity. B. improves workplace cohesiveness and reduces speed. C. improves speed and decreases costs. D. increases costs and improves cohesiveness. E. increases internal competition and increases speed.
improves speed and decreases costs.
A(n) __________ summarizes the organization's financial results over a specified period of time. A. budget B. balance sheet C. income statement D. expense statement E. ratio analysis
income statement
Which of the following is a source of conflict? A. inconsistent power and influence B. loose deadlines C. strict job boundaries D. too many resources E. consistent reward systems
inconsistent power and influence
Which of the following is true of telecommuting? A. attractive to people with high social needs B. makes recruiting some hard-to-get employees more difficult C. reduced job satisfaction D. increased turnover E. increased ability to hire nontraditional workers, such as prisoners
increased ability to hire nontraditional workers, such as prisoners
The creation of products, services, or technologies that modify those that already exist is called __________ innovation. A. product B. process C. incremental D. radical E. reactive
incremental
A budget that allocates increased or decreased funds to a department by using the last budget period as a reference point is called a(n) A. standardized budget. B. incremental budget. C. zero-based budget. D. fixed budget. E. tactical budget.
incremental budget.
A manager, attempting to decide what decision will result in the individual's best long-term interests, is engaged in the __________ approach to deciding an ethical dilemma. A. utilitarian B.individual C. moral-rights D. justice E. environmental
individual
The drawbacks of using e-mail include which of the following? A. employees can communicate when they are not at company sites B. reduces use of paper C. information overload D. reduced costs of distributing information to employees E. increased teamwork
information overload
When the amount of information received exceeds a person's ability to handle or process it, ________ has been said to occur. A. information complexity B. information overload C. information confusion D. information validity E. information denial
information overload
Which of the following is one of the areas of control for organizations? A. external resources B. decentralized resources C. ethical resources D. cultural resources E. informational resources
informational resources
What outcome will I receive if I perform at this level? This question is asked for the ________ element of expectancy theory. A. valence B. expectancy C. instrumentality D. outcomes E. performance
instrumentality
People of different cultures have different ideas of what is an acceptable distance between people when having a business discussion. This nonverbal element is called A. monochronic time. B. polychronic distance. C. interpersonal space. D. Type A behavior. E. touch intensity.
interpersonal space
The stages of the product life cycle, in order, are A. introduction, growth, maturity, decline. B. introduction, maturity, growth, decline. C. introduction, stability, growth, maturity, decline. D. introduction, decline, stability, maturity. E. introduction, growth, decline, maturity.
introduction, growth, maturity, decline.
The Human Resource Department at ABC Company has just calculated the absenteeism rate for 2009, and it is 25% higher than it was in 2007 and 2008. ABC should A. wait until the end of 2009 and see what the rate is. B. investigate whether employees have become dissatisfied with their jobs. C. begin a major job redesign effort. D. reduce employees' work hours. E. institute strict disciplinary procedures for employees who are absent.
investigate whether employees have become dissatisfied with their jobs.
Simplified jobs lead to A. job dissatisfaction. B. better mental health. C. a sense of accomplishment. D. a sense of personal growth. E. decreased worker productivity.
job dissatisfaction.
As employees' age increases, their ________________. A. job involvement decreases B. job satisfaction increases C. work motivation decreases D. organizational commitment decreases E. absenteeism increases
job satisfaction increases
In giving feedback to a subordinate, a manager should A. communicate her general impression of the subordinate. B. avoid giving negative feedback. C. deliver feedback through a one-way communication process . D. save giving feedback for annual or semi-annual formal appraisals. E. keep "diaries" about specific incidents of subordinates' performance.
keep "diaries" about specific incidents of subordinates' performance.
Which of the following theories is an example of the trait approach to leadership? A. Ohio State model B. Fiedler's model C. Michigan model D. leadership lessons from the GLOBE project E. Greenleaf's model
leadership lessons from the GLOBE project
Employees are likely to see an adaptive change as A. highly threatening. B. moderately threatening. C. somewhat threatening. D. least threatening. E. totally unacceptable.
least threatening.
The influence tactic that bases a request on one's authority or right, organizational rules or policies, or express or implied support from superiors is a __________ tactic. A. legitimating B. pressure C. coalition D. exchange E. personal appeals
legitimating
__________ is the concept that best describes types of managerial positions. A. line versus staff B. centralized versus decentralized C. flat versus tall D. span of control E. complex versus simple
line versus staff
According to Herzberg's theory, the first thing managers should do is to A. provide opportunities for achievement. B. publicly recognize good performance. C. make sure pay levels and company policies are reasonable. D. create opportunities for personal growth. E. increase employees' responsibility.
make sure pay levels and company policies are reasonable.
According to the textbook, MBWA stands for A. management by wondering around. B. management by walking about. C. management by wishing a lot. D. management by wandering afar. E. management by working afield.
management by wondering around
To decide how many package sorters to schedule and at which times UPS and FedEx probably use the tools of A. scientific management. B. management science. C. selective management. D. the Hawthorne tools. E. TQM.
management science
A "transactional" leader is about the same thing as a A. charismatic leader. B. transformational leader. C. servant leader. D. situational leader. E. manager.
manager.
Most performance appraisals are done by A. managers. B. peers. C. subordinates. D. self. E. clients.
managers.
An organization that contains two command structures, and in which some people actually have two bosses, is a __________ structure. A. matrix B. conglomerate C. team-based D. hybrid E. network
matrix
XYZ carefully tracks the sale of its new Model III widget. Many competitors have recently entered this highly competitive market. Over the past 3 months, sales have started to decline. The product is probably in the __________ stage of the product life cycle. A. introduction B. growth C. maturity D. decline E. retrenchment
maturity
Transformational leadership is positively associated with A. measures of employee job satisfaction. B. less employee identification with their immediate work groups. C. lower levels of group cohesion. D. less work engagement. E. less organizational passion.
measures of employee job satisfaction.
A firm that tends to rely on routines and policies even as new events occur is most likely to be a(n) __________ organization. A. organic B. flat C. mechanistic D. conglomerate E. large-batch
mechanistic
Professor Woops requires papers from his management class to be submitted by email. Over the weekend, his computer crashes and his emails are lost. This has created a(n) __________ barrier. A. encoding B. decoding C. medium D. feedback E. receiver
medium
Which of the following is in the correct order? A. mission statement & vision statement, strategic planning, tactical planning, operational planning B. vision statement, mission statement, strategic planning, operational planning, tactical planning C. control of strategy, mission statement, strategic planning, tactical planning, operational planning D. mission statement, vision statement, strategic planning, operational planning, tactical planning E. mission statement, vision statement, tactical planning, strategic planning, operational planning
mission statement & vision statement, strategic planning, tactical planning, operational planning
According to Herzberg, __________ make people _________, and _________ make people __________. A. motivators; satisfied; hygiene factors; dissatisfied B. hygiene factors; satisfied; motivators; dissatisfied C. hygiene factors; satisfied; motivators; satisfied D. motivators; dissatisfied; hygiene factors; dissatisfied E. Both motivators and hygiene factors may make people either satisfied or dissatisfied.
motivators; satisfied; hygiene factors; dissatisfied
A business firm with operations in several countries is called a A. megamerger. B. multinational organization. C. multinational corporation. D. global corporation. E. multiregional corporation.
multinational corporation
A nonprofit organization with operations in several countries is called a A. multinational corporation. B. multinational organization. C. multicontinental corporation. D. multicultural organization. E. connected organization.
multinational organization
The strategy that establishes a common ground with the reader and in which the order of arguments makes the overall position stronger is A. most important to least important. B. least controversial to most controversial. C. negative to positive. D. least important to most important. E. positive to negative.
negative to positive.
Of the following, which medium is the least rich? A. newsletters B. instant messaging on the Internet C. e-mail D. handwritten notes E. conference telephone calls
newsletters
During the __________ stage, close relationships develop and unity and harmony emerge. A. storming B. norming C. performing D. forming E. adjourning
norming
Group cohesiveness is a by-product of the __________ stage. A. storming B. norming C. performing D. forming E. adjourning
norming
The stage during which a group sets guidelines about issues like attendance and punctuality is the __________ stage. A. norming B. storming C. forming D. adjourning E. performing
norming
Lupe is conducting a performance appraisal on Martin. The form her company uses asks her to list the objectives that she and Martin agreed to last year, and indicate how well Martin met each objective. Lupe's company is using a(n) ________ system of performance appraisal. A. objective B. BARS C. trait D. informal E. 360-degree
objective
A(n) ______________ continually interacts with its environment. A. closed system B. open system C. neutral system D. porous system E. subsystem
open system
XYZ designs and manufactures components for computer drives (USB, hard, DVD). XYZ would best be served by an organizational structure that is A. mechanistic. B. organic. C. tall. D. centralized. E. formal.
organic.
The device that indicates how official communications should be routed is called the A. organization chart. B. organizational culture. C. organizational profile. D. grapevine. E. lateral hierarchy.
organization chart.
Job satisfaction is positively correlated with __________ and negatively correlated with __________. A. motivation; life satisfaction B. organizational commitment; perceived stress C. job involvement; life satisfaction D. absenteeism; life satisfaction E. perceived stress; absenteeism
organizational commitment; perceived stress
Gambling casinos require their dealers to have licenses, observe them using closed circuit TV, and require detailed reports at the end of each shift. These organizations have overcome the control system barrier of A. overemphasis on one instead of multiple approaches B. overemphasis on paperwork C. overemphasis on means instead of ends D. too much control E. too little participation
overemphasis on one instead of multiple approaches
Martina is so sick of dealing with Max, a problem subordinate! She can't sleep well, her stomach is bothering her, and she snaps at her husband. Martina is most likely experiencing a ___________ reaction. A. relaxed change B. defensive avoidance C. panic D. deciding to decide E. heuristic
panic
Ahmad supervises employees who work on problems that the organization has never faced before, and for which there are no defined procedures. Ahmad follows the House model of leadership. Ahmad should use a _________ style. A. participative B. path-goal clarifying C. supportive D. achievement-oriented E. relationship-oriented
path-goal clarifying
A piece rate system is an example of a ________ compensation plan. A. pay for knowledge B. pay for performance C. profit sharing D. gainsharing E. Scanlon
pay for performance
TQM holds to two core principles A. financial health and financial stability. B. people orientation and improvement orientation. C. management and leadership. D. employee satisfaction and commitment. E. radical innovation and continuous improvement.
people orientation and improvement orientation.
The process of interpreting and understanding one's environment is called A. attribution. B. perception. C. cognition. D. self-monitoring. E. openness to experience.
perception.
Which of the following is a part of the strategic human resource management process? A. plan financial resources needed B. perform appraisals of people C. dismiss low performers D. identify social capital E. investigate competitive job positions
perform appraisals of people
Happy Housekeepers is considering implementing a system that will pay the cleaning workers on the basis of how quickly they can complete jobs, coupled with random inspections to insure quality. Some managers believe that this will reduce labor costs. Happy Housekeepers is focusing on changing employee A. performance. B. skills. C. attitudes. D. management. E. structure.
performance.
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is considered a __________ test. A. job routine B. performance C. personality D. validity E. reliability
personality
Sheila works closely with Wayne on many projects, and they are often in conflict. Sheila starts new projects by creating careful plans and beginning immediately. Wayne believes in being open-minded to new ideas, and works frantically at the last minute. Their team conflict most likely stems from A. time pressure. B. communication failure. C. ambiguous jurisdictions. D. personality clashes. E. inconsistent goals.
personality clashes.
Google made a pledge to investors when it went public to reserve 1% of its profit and equity to "make the world a better place." This action is the best example of corporate A. fairness. B. correctness. C. green. D. philanthropy. E. sustainability.
philanthropy
When Carlos noticed that he was hungry, he stopped working, got up, fixed himself a sandwich, and ate it in the company of his wife, who happened to be in the kitchen at the time. According to Maslow, the motivation for Carlos's behavior arose from which one of the following needs? A. physiological B. psychological C. security D. social E. self-fulfillment
physiological
Maslow's levels of needs, in order from basic to highest level, are A. self-actualization, esteem, love, safety, and physiological. B. self-actualization, love, esteem, safety, and physiological. C. physiological, safety, esteem, love, and self-actualization. D. physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization. E. safety, physiological, love, esteem, and self-actualization.
physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization.
Joyce is in the library checking to see how much material is available on a topic she has tentatively chosen for a research paper. Joyce is in the ___________ stage of her project. A. execution B. planning C. definition D. closing E. selection
planning
Juanita is identifying the facilities and equipment that will be needed in a project. This project is in the _________ stage. A. closing B. planning C. execution D. definition E. MBO
planning
The constant feedback loop designed to ensure plans stay headed in the right direction is called the A. means-end chain. B. planning/control cycle. C. control/planning system. D. project management cycle. E. project planning loop.
planning/control cycle
Which of the following is the most difficult-to-measure stated standard? A. more insurance policies sold this month than last B. no increase in cost of each item produced C. .5% of products rejected for poor quality D. lower energy costs compared to same month last year E. positive corporate culture
positive corporate culture
As a result of a successful project you led, your manager offers you a promotion; she is using A. positive reinforcement. B. negative reinforcement. C. extinction. D. intrinsic motivation. E. valence.
positive reinforcement.
The general moral principles for managers ("the magnificent seven") helps to ensure that managers' decisions are A. routine, legal, ethical. B. rational, ethical, defensible. C. principled, appropriate, defensible. D. principled, ethical, legal. E. principled, legal, defensible.
principled, appropriate, defensible.
Knowledgeable workers who meet as a temporary team to solve a specific problem and then disband are called a A. quality circle. B. problem-solving team. C. cross-functional team. D. virtual team. E. work team.
problem-solving team.
A managerial innovation is generally a(n) __________ innovation. A. product B. process C. adaptive D. reactive E. proactive
process
A(n) __________ innovation is a change in the way a product or service is conceived, manufactured, or disseminated. A. product B. process C. adaptive D. reactive E. proactive
process
Wendy's created display screens at its drive-thru windows that show customers their orders and prices. This is an example of a(n) _________ innovation. A. product B. process C. adaptive D. reactive E. proactive
process
Theories that try to understand the thought processes by which people decide how to act are called A. needs-based perspectives. B. reinforcement perspectives. C. process perspectives. D. job design perspectives. E. compensation perspectives.
process perspectives.
A(n) __________ innovation is a change in the appearance or the performance of a product or a service or the creation of a new one. A. product B. process C. adaptive D. reactive E. proactive
product
Which of the following is an example of an informational resource control? A. performance evaluation B. accounts receivable data C. inventory management system D. production schedule E. employee job satisfaction survey
production schedule
A work team that is responsible for performing day-to-day operations is called a(n) A. production team. B. project team. C. product team. D. action team. E. advice team.
production team.
In considering the staffing an organization might need in the future, human resource managers should A. assume that the future will basically be the same as the past. B. assume that there will be radical changes in the supply of labor and the nature of the organization's jobs. C. project the organization's vision and strategy and staff based on that possibility. D. hire 10% more people than were needed last year to cover possible growth. E. hire 10% fewer people than last year because of possible lower turnover.
project the organization's vision and strategy and staff based on that possibility.
When a manager says to a worker, "I'm docking your pay," the manager is using A. positive reinforcement. B. negative reinforcement. C. extinction. D. intrinsic motivation. E. punishment.
punishment.
Eleven workers from different subunits at the Springfield plant of ABC Company meet monthly with their supervisors to discuss workplace problems, particularly those connected with production and waste in the department. This is an example of a A. JIT team B. self-managed team C. quality circle D. work group E. special-purpose team
quality circle
Which viewpoint focuses on minimizing errors and defects by managing each state of production? A. contingency B. quality management C. systems D. operations management E. lean production
quality management
Typically, strategic control is accomplished through reports issued __________. A. daily B. weekly C. monthly D. quarterly or less frequently E. randomly
quarterly or less frequently
The Jersey Office Supplies Company has decided to hire enough drivers to deliver products to their customers within one-half hour of when they are ordered. They believe that this practice will give them a significant advantage over the competition, which has not adopted such a practice. Jersey is introducing a(n) _________ change A. reactive B. proactive C. adaptive D. innovative E. radically innovative
radically innovative
The amount of acceptable deviation from a standard is called the A. benchmark. B. range of exception. C. range of variation. D. feedforward control. E. zero-based control.
range of variation.
The influence tactic that tries to convince someone by using reason, logic, or facts is A. rational persuasion. B. inspirational appeals. C. consultation. D. ingratiating tactics. E. personal appeals.
rational persuasion.
A change in response to problems or opportunities is called a(n) A. reactive change. B. incremental change. C. proactive change. D. radical change. E. process change.
reactive change.
Mel scheduled a special interview with Kasha before Kasha was hired, in which Mel painted a picture of both the positive and negative features of the job. Mel was performing a A. structured interview. B. unstructured interview. C. BARS. D. performance appraisal. E. realistic job preview.
realistic job preview.
Greg was thinking about how he just did on his economics test when his management professor talked about tomorrow's management quiz. This is an example of a(n) __________ barrier. A. encoding B. decoding C. medium D. feedback E. receiver
receiver
Power deriving from one's personal attraction is called __________ power. A. legitimate B. referent C. reward D. punishment E. expert
referent
In managing subordinates under an incentive pay plan, a manager should A. regularly communicate with subordinates about the plan. B. set goals with subordinates, but then leave them alone to pursue those goals. C. change the plan frequently to continue to motivate subordinates. D. set "stretch" goals that are very difficult (perhaps impossible) to achieve. E. design complex plans that cover all contingencies.
regularly communicate with subordinates about the plan.
During Lewin's "refreezing" stage, managers should A. make employees dissatisfied with the present way of doing things. B. give employees the tools for change. C. provide benchmarking results. D. reduce the barriers to change. E. reinforce the desired change in the employees.
reinforce the desired change in the employees.
The theory that attempts to explain behavior change by suggesting that behavior with positive consequences tends to be repeated while behavior with negative consequences tends not to be repeated, is called A. equity theory. B. expectancy theory. C. reinforcement theory. D. acquired needs theory. E. Maslow's hierarchy.
reinforcement theory.
Zoe must decide whether to sign an extension to her lease for her small coffee shop, but she decides to take no action because she believes there will be no great negative consequences. Zoe is practicing A. relaxed change. B. defensive avoidance. C. panic. D. relaxed avoidance. E. deciding to decide.
relaxed avoidance
Managers trying to understand other cultures need to understand basic cultural perceptions embodied in which of the following? A. child psychology B. anthropology C. religion D. infrastructure E. personal housing arrangements
religion
Latisha has interviewed 5 candidates for an open position she supervises. The position is open because Latisha fired the last jobholder due to excessive absenteeism. One of the candidates, William, is about to graduate from ABC University, the same college that the previous jobholder graduated from. Even though William seems to be the best candidate, Latisha feels reluctant to hire him. Latisha is feeling a __________ bias. A. anchoring B. adjustment C. availability D. representativeness E. escalation of commitment
representativeness
Sue hired a successful employee from ABC University. She is convinced that hiring from ABC University in the future will produce the same level of success. This is an example of a (n) A. heuristic bias. B. professional effect. C. recency effect. D. availability bias. E. representativeness bias.
representativeness bias.
MBO is consistent with a(n) __________ performance appraisal. A. subjective B. trait C. BARS D. results E. behavioral
results
Esteban, President of Acme Beverage Company, has just reviewed the dismal results of the company's new product, a chocolate cola beverage. Edith was the major force behind the idea and its market trial. It appears that Edith did the normal level and type of research on the product's acceptance by consumers prior to its introduction. Esteban should A. fire Edith as an example to others. B. demote Edith. C. send Edith to a marketing class. D. reward Edith. E. ignore the product failure.
reward Edith.
If a manager has subordinates that are low in self-efficacy, the manager should A. give them boring, tedious, easy jobs. B. leave them alone to learn new tasks. C. create extremely challenging goals for everyone. D. reward small successes. E. avoid giving positive reinforcement.
reward small successes.
How well a particular medium conveys information and promotes learning is called its A. encoding. B. richness. C. density. D. complexity. E. formality.
richness.
A __________ designates specific required action. A. policy B. rule C. procedure D. project E. program
rule
The tendency of a group to settle on a decision that is "good enough" is called A. goal displacement. B. satisficing. C. groupthink. D. heuristics. E. optimization.
satisficing
Which of the following is a disadvantage of group decision making? A. greater discomfort with the final decision B. satisficing C. goal placement D. shy individuals E. different perspectives
satisficing
Behavioral science relies on __________ for developing theories about human behavior that can help managers. A. intuition B. scientific research C. simulations D. anecdotes E. trial and error
scientific research
The tendency to filter out information that is discomforting, irrelevant, or contradictory to one's beliefs is called A. cognitive dissonance. B. the fundamental attribution error. C. selective perception. D. the halo effect. E. self-fulfilling prophecy.
selective perception.
The extent to which people like or dislike themselves is called their A. self-esteem. B. self-efficacy. C. self-monitoring. D. agreeableness. E. locus of control.
self-esteem.
The idea that if a manager expects a subordinate to act in a certain way, the worker may, in fact, very well act that way, thereby confirming the manager's expectations, is called A. self-esteem. B. self-fulfillment. C. self-fulfilling prophecy. D. the hierarchy of needs. E. the Hawthorne effect.
self-fulfilling prophecy
The phenomenon in which people's expectations of themselves or others leads them to behave in ways that make those expectations come true is called A. goal-achievement prophecy. B. locus prophecy. C. expectancy prophecy. D. self-fulfilling prophecy. E. self-achievement prophecy.
self-fulfilling prophecy.
A successful church minister could best be described as which type of leader? A. situational B. servant C. shared D. transactional E. leader-follower
servant
A leader who focuses on providing increased service to others is called a A. charismatic leader. B. transformational leader. C. transactional leader. D. servant leader. E. situational leader.
servant leader.
Planning is defined as A. coping with uncertainty by analyzing past actions. B. setting goals and deciding how to achieve them. C. correcting problems that have occurred. D. the same process as MBO. E. strategic management.
setting goals and deciding how to achieve them.
Which of the following is necessary in goal setting? A. allowing employees to set vague goals B. setting target dates for goals C. setting easily attainable goals D. setting stretch goals just outside of the employees' reach E. random reinforcement
setting target dates for goals
ABC Company has decided to move toward having a more organic structure. ABC should A. simplify and eliminate rules and procedures. B. centralize authority. C. clearly define job responsibilities. D. disband teams and task forces. E. add a layer of management.
simplify and eliminate rules and procedures.
XYZ Insurance Company is about to install a new computer system that will change the way claims adjusters settle claims. Adjusters will be able to do the adjustment and issue the check right at the scene of the accident! XYZ most likely needs to focus on changing employee A. performance. B. skills. C. attitudes. D. management. E. perceptions.
skills.
A project team whose members are separated from the normal operation of an organization and asked to produce a new, innovative product is called a A. program. B. skunkworks. C. SMART team. D. MBO. E. one-minute team.
skunkworks
In a(n) ___________ technology, goods are custom-made to customers' specifications. A. continuous batch B. large-batch C. small-batch D. mechanistic E. organic
small-batch
__________ capital is the economic or productive potential of strong, trusting, and cooperative relationships. A. Human B. Social C. Labor D. Physical E. Financial
social
Tony, the owner of Ciro di Pasta restaurant on Cape Cod is open during the "high season" from May until October. He has always hired college students on summer vacation. In recent years, the number of workers who quit mid-summer has risen significantly. When he asks, they say they are quitting because they "have enough money" or "want the time off". This is most likely an example of a(n) ________ change. A. market B. social or political C. economic D. technological E. random
social or political
Groups that make it through storming generally do so because A. they develop groupthink. B. someone wins the political battle and dominates the group. C. someone challenges the group to resolve its political battles. D. the work gets done. E. the focus generally is on social loafing.
someone challenges the group to resolve its political battles.
Which of the following is a "do" toward better nonverbal communication skills? A. close your eyes B. yawn excessively C. speak in an unpleasant voice D. speak at a moderate rate E. turn away from the speaker
speak at a moderate rate
A human rights organization is urging consumers to boycott products made by Outbound Clothing because Outbound exploits labor in less developed countries where its manufacturing facilities are located. Outbound is dealing with __________, part of its __________ environment. A. special-interest groups; general B. sociocultural forces; general C. mass media; task D. special-interest groups; task E. sociocultural forces; task
special-interest groups; task
Deming believed that quality stems from A. steady focus on the organization's mission. B. the Hawthorne effect. C. a self-fulfilling prophecy. D. Theory X management. E. operations research.
steady focus on the organization's mission
The stage of group development at which power politics are most likely to result in open rebellion is the __________ stage. A. storming B. norming C. performing D. forming E. adjourning
storming
Southwest Airlines employees all know about when CEO Herb Kelleher visited one of the airlines' hangars in the middle of the night in a dress with a purple boa - just to liven things up. In fact, this is part of Southwest's history. This is an example of a A. myth. B. story. C. ritual. D. rite. E. value.
story
Two drug companies agree to work together to pool their research and development funds to develop a new drug for arthritis. In doing so, these two organizations can best be described as A. a union. B. strategic allies. C. having analyzed their internal environment. D. having influenced the mass media. E. having empowered their employees.
strategic allies
Wal-Mart is guided by the following credo: "Find out what customers want, then provide it to them as cheaply and quickly as possible." This is Wal-Mart's A. mission. B. vision. C. strategy. D. forecast. E. central contingency plan.
strategy
A(n) __________ is a visual representation of the four perspectives of the balanced scorecard that enables managers to communicate their goals. A. positioning map B. strategy map C. multi-dimensional map D. customer map E. graphical interface
strategy map
In which cultural perspective do employees adhere to the organization's values because they believe in its purpose? A. strength perspective B. fit perspective C. strategic perspective D. conditional perspective E. adaptive perspective
strength perspective
A manager assessing the skills and capabilities of the organization is involved in analysis of A. strengths B. weaknesses C. opportunities D. threats E. strengths or weaknesses depending on the outcome of the assessment
strengths or weaknesses depending on the outcome of the assessment
Which of the following circumstances is likely to increase the success of OD? A. a single large intervention B. support of top managers C. unrealistic and very high expectations in place D. goals geared to the short term rather than the long term E. applying every OD intervention in the same way across the world
support of top managers
Indira supervises the customer service unit for XYZ Inc. This work unit receives stress-producing calls from unhappy customers, and is frustrated by the failure of many of their peers in other departments to help resolve problems. Turnover is high in the unit, though those in the unit are about equal. Indira should adopt a ________ style to make the workplace as pleasant as possible under these circumstances. A. participative B. directive C. supportive D. achievement-oriented E. value-based
supportive
Which of the following is a step in the control process? A. evaluate opportunities B. take corrective action, if necessary C. complete a SWOT analysis D. implement TQM E. compare work units on standards
take corrective action, if necessary
One effect of zero-based budgeting is that it A. tends to work better for large work units. B. takes more time for managers than incremental budgeting. C. works best in times of increasing resources. D. locks managers into stable spending patterns. E. has all of the above effects.
takes more time for managers than incremental budgeting.
Governments are part of the __________ environment of organizations. A. unplanned B. task C. general D. internal E. sociocultural
task
Of the following which is a core job characteristic? A. skill specificity B. task identity C. task uniformity D. teamwork E. task variety
task identity
The extent to which tasks are routine, unambiguous, and easily understood is called A. job design. B. task identity. C. task structure. D. position power. E. task maturity.
task structure.
Differentiation arises because of ____________ and ____________. A. culture; leadership B. stability; instability C. technical specialization; division of labor D. structure; uncertainty E. structure; culture
technical specialization; division of labor
The Convenient Pharmacy chain has received numerous complaints from home delivery customers in the Friendly Hills area that their prescriptions often arrive late. Almost all of the drivers say that they often get lost trying to find houses in this neighborhood, even when directions have previously been obtained from the customers. (Convenient Pharmacy does not give its drivers GPS technology.) Frequently, drivers have to take time to call the customer again for even more detailed directions. Convenient Pharmacy probably needs to change its A. structure. B. people. C. technology. D. culture. E. strategy.
technology.
Which of the following is a reason to enforce norms? A. to clarify role expectations B. to help the group survive C. to emphasize the group's important values D. to help individuals avoid embarrassing situations E. to do all of the above
to do all of the above
The extent to which a person has a high need for structure or control in h/her life is called A. a value orientation. B. a conceptual frame. C. a decision style. D. tolerance for ambiguity. E. representativeness bias.
tolerance for ambiguity.
Which of the following is a legal way to gain information about competitors so that the company can anticipate competitive moves and react appropriately? A. go through the competitor's trash on their property B. pose as an applicant for a job at the competitor C. use investor information D. call the competitor and ask directly E. All of the above are legal ways that a firm can gain information about competitors.
use investor information
XYZ, an American corporation, builds a manufacturing plant in Mexico, employs Mexican citizens and receives favorable tax treatment by the Mexican government. XYZ is A. using a maquiladora. B. countertrading. C. insourcing. D. franchising. E. licensing.
using a maquiladora
How much do I want the outcome? This question is asked for the ________ element of the expectancy theory. A. valence B. expectancy C. instrumentality D. outcomes E. performance
valence
Another term for the chain of command of an organization is A. span of control. B. horizontal specialization. C. vertical hierarchy. D. network structure. E. paradigm.
vertical hierarchy.
Thomas, an assembly line worker for SoftTools Company, observes that his graveyard shift (midnight - 8 a.m.) manager removes safety guards from some machines so that the work can be done faster. Thomas sends a letter to top management reporting this. Thomas is a: A. whistleblower B. disloyal employee C. victim D. activist E. gossip
whistleblower
Which value is the most important to workers according to the Society for Human Resource Management? A. compensation B. benefits C. work-life balance D. recognition E. status
work-life balance
Who are typical members of quality circles? A. workers and supervisors B. supervisors and managers C. managers only D. outside vendors only E. customers and vendors
workers and supervisors
The company's culture most directly affects A. a manager's happiness. B. the number of competitors a firm has. C. the number of products a company makes. D. the amount charged for the firm's products or services. E. the education of the workforce.
a manager's happiness
Robert has a picture in his mind of the whole process by which his company produces applesauce. This is an example of a ______________ skill. A. technical B. conceptual C. human D. physical E. intuitive
conceptual
The contemporary perspective includes which of the following perspectives? A. behavioral B. quantitative C. contingency D. classical E. All of the above are part of the contemporary perspective
contingency
Which of these viewpoints focuses on using mathematics to aid in problem solving and decision making? A. scientific management B. behavioral science approach C. management science D. operations management E. administrative management
management science
Which of the following is a good reason for studying theoretical perspectives? A. provides an understanding of the past B. correctly guides the writing of a mission statement C. provides clues to the meaning of outside events D. helps to nullify logic E. acts as a encyclopedia of solutions
provides clues to the meaning of outside events
Marie is deciding how much budget each of the departments she managers will receive next year. She is operating in the ___________ role. A. entrepreneur B. resource allocator C. disturbance handler D. negotiator E. liaison
resource allocator
Which of the following is an attribute that occurs among analytics competitors? A. going beyond simple descriptive statistics B. having only one application C. being part of a "side group" D. using illegal competitive intelligence E. making all decisions intuitively
going beyond simple descriptive statistics
When analyzing the "S" in a SWOT analysis, a manager might be assessing A. possible challenges in the market. B. competitors' actions. C. high turnover of employees. D. good financial resources of the firm. E. governmental actions.
good financial resources of the firm.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) administers environmental standards in the U.S. The EPA represents __________, part of an organizations' __________. A. local communities; task environment B. financial institutions; internal environment C. government regulators; task environment D. special interest groups; external environment E. political-legal forces; general environment
government regulators; task environment
__________ skills consist of the ability to work well in cooperation with other people to get things done. A. technical B. conceptual C. human D. physical E. intuitive
human
Which of the following is a way culture becomes embedded in an organization? A. formal market research B. laws C. rewards, titles, promotions, and bonuses D. competitive intelligence E. competitive analysis
rewards, titles, promotions, and bonuses
The amount of influence a leader has in his immediate work environment is called his A. leadership style. B. readiness. C. task structure. D. position power. E. situational control.
situational control.
A narrative based on true events which may be embellished to emphasize a particular value is called a A. symbol. B. story. C. hero. D. rite. E. ritual.
story
In the Ohio State studies, leadership style is identified as A. job-centered or employee-centered. B. initiating structure or consideration. C. country club, team, middle-of-the-road, impoverished, or task. D. task-oriented or relationship-oriented. E. telling, selling, participating, or delegating.
initiating structure or consideration.
"Can we continue to improve and create value" is the question to be answered by which of the following balanced scorecard perspectives? A. external perspective F. financial perspective G. customer perspective H. internal business perspective I. innovation & learning perspective
innovation & learning perspective
Which of the following is a cultural dimension in the GLOBE project? A. institutional collectivism B. power avoidance C. age orientation D. sustainable orientation E. lifestyle
institutional collectivism
Last year, Diana's boss promised her a big bonus if she met her goals. At the end of the year, after Diana had exceeded her goals, she found her bonus was very small. In the future, Diana's __________ will probably be __________. A. valence; low B. instrumentality; low C. expectancy; low D. expectancy; high E. instrumentality; high
instrumentality; low
What is the time frame of a strategic plan? A. 15 - 25 years B. 5 - 15 years C. 1 - 5 years D. 6 - 24 months E. 1 - 52 weeks
1-5 years
A feedback technique in which a manager is appraised by his boss, peers, subordinates, and possibly clients is called a A. MBO appraisal. B. trait appraisal. C. BARS appraisal. D. 360-degree appraisal. E. results appraisal.
360-degree appraisal.
__________ means that managers must report and justify work results to managers above them. A. Accountability B. Responsibility C. Delegation D. Hierarchical control E. Position power
Accountability
Which of the following is a reason why it is hard to bring the best evidence to bear on your decisions? A. The side effects outweigh the cure. B. There's too much evidence. C. Stories are more persuasive. D. You are trying to mislead you. E. All of the above are reasons why it is hard to bring the best evidence to bear on decisions.
All of the above
Factors that can help make participative management (PM) work include which of the following? A. top management is continually involved B. employees are properly trained C. employees don't work in interdependent jobs D. PM is implemented with TQM E. All of the above choices are factors that can help make participative management work.
All of the above choices are factors that can help make participative management work.
Which of the following is a characteristic of innovation? A. It is uncertain. B. It may be complex. C. It may be controversial. D. People closest to it know the most about it. E. All of the above statements are characteristics of innovation.
All of the above statements are characteristics of innovation.
The set of techniques used for implementing planned change to make people and organizations more effective is called A. organizational transformation. B. organizational development C. TQM. D. revitalization. E. incremental innovation.
B. organizational development
Which of the following statements about blogs is true? A. Blogs are expensive to use. B. Blogs are used to obtain feedback by organizational leaders. C. There are organizational guidelines about what can be posted online. D. Legal guidelines have been developed for organizational blogs. E. All of the above statements are true.
Blogs are used to obtain feedback by organizational leaders.
During the performing stage, the group answers the question A. Can we agree on roles and work as a team? B. Why are we here? C. Why are we fighting? D. Can we do the job properly? E. Who's in charge?
Can we do the job properly?
According to psychologist __________, we have a natural tendency to judge others' statements from our own point of view. A. Carl Rogers B. Daniel Tucker C. Timothy McCabe D. Bruce Wayne E. Scott Czapski
Carl Rogers
__________ is the activity of inferring causes for observed behavior. A. The halo effect F. Self-fulfilling prophecy G. The fundamental attribution error H. Causal attribution I. The selective perception error
Causal attribution
The religion with the most followers worldwide is A. Christianity B. Islam C. Hinduism D. Buddhism E. Judaism
Christianity
According to Mintzberg's work, which of the following is a type of role that managers play? A. Analytical B. Interrogatory C. Interdependent D. Decisional E. All of these are managerial roles according to Mintzberg.
Decisional
Which of the following is true of informal groups? A. Informal groups support the plans of formal groups. B. Informal groups have formal leaders. C. Informal groups are primarily made to solve an organization problem. D. A temporary task force is an example of an informal group. E. Members of an informal group are assigned to it by the skills they possess.
Informal groups support the plans of formal groups.
Sergio is Manager of Human Resources for XYZ Company. News has just been released that the company has violated financial reporting laws. Based on research on the effects of such publicity, Sergio should expect that A. job applications will increase. B. job applications will decrease in the short term, but recover within a month. C. job applications will stay about the same. D. job applications will decrease. E. Research has not addressed this issue so Sergio has no grounds for having any expectations whatsoever related to the number of job applications.
Job applications will decrease
Research suggests that job enlargement affects job performance in which way? A. Job enlargement has a strong positive effect on job performance B. Job enlargement has a strong negative effect on job performance C. Job enlargement has a weak positive effect on job performance D. Job enlargement has a weak negative effect on job performance E. Job enlargement does not have a significant, lasting effect on job performance
Job enlargement does not have a significant, lasting effect on job performance
A manager who literally wanders around her organization and talks with people across all lines of authority is doing A. MBWA. B. MBO. C. TQM. D. Kaizen. E. JIT.
MBWA
Which of the following statements about organizational culture is most true? A. It promotes social-system stability. B. It shapes behavior by helping employees make sense of their surroundings. C. It facilitates collective commitment. D. It can powerfully shape an organization's long-term success. E. Organizational culture can do all of the above.
Organizational culture can do all of the above.
_____________ is concerned with arranging tasks, people and other resources to accomplish the work. A. Organizing B. Producing C. Controlling D. Leading E. Planning
Organizing
Which of the following is a benefit of planning? A. Planning requires you to set aside the time to do it. B. You can make all decisions without consulting superiors. C. Planning helps you cope with uncertainty. D. Planning helps you compare your results to your competition. E. Planning helps the company remain spontaneous.
Planning helps you cope with uncertainty.
__________ means the economic value of separate, related businesses under one ownership and management is greater together than the businesses are worth separately. A. Structure B. Synergy C. Selectivity D. Cooperation E. Interaction
Synergy
Which of the following is a characteristic of transformational leaders? A. They are better in stable situations. B. They are inspirational. C. They clarify employees' roles. D. They set goals and monitor progress toward their achievement. E. They provide rewards in exchange for subordinates; doing the work.
They are inspirational.
Marilyn works for a small, private, mid-western university as a budget manager. She has just been to a leadership conference where she learned new tools that she thinks will benefit her staff. On the plane home Marilyn began planning how she would encourage employees to use this new knowledge to modify their behavior to help her department reach its goals. Based on this information, which of the following is the best description of the type of organization for which Marilyn works? A. a bureaucratic organization B. an organization that believes in Theory X C. an organization that practices Theory Z D. a purposeful organization E. a learning organization
a learning organization
Which of the following is a primary function of management? A. segmentation B. cooperation C. controlling D. globalizing E. positioning
controlling
A person who is oriented toward task and technical concerns and has a low tolerance for ambiguity is __________ in his decision-making style. A. analytical B. behavioral C. conceptual D. directive E. heuristic
directive
Strategies that simplify the process of decision making for managers are called A. relaxed change. B. heuristics. C. rubrics. D. rational models. E. brainwriting.
heuristics
A graph of decisions and their possible consequences is known as a A. decision tree B. Gantt chart C. decision chart D. decision matrix E. fishbone diagram
decision tree
During the next half-century, the percentage of whites in the population is expected to ____________, and the percentage of Hispanics is expected to ________. A. increase, increase B. increase, decrease C. decrease, increase D. increase, stay the same E. stay the same, increase
decrease, increase
How much people believe they control their own fate through their own actions is called their A. tolerance for ambiguity. B. locus of control. C. self-efficacy. D. self-monitoring. E. emotional stability.
locus of control.
A team that meets temporarily to solve a particular problem is called a A. quality circle B. self-managed team C. special-purpose team D. work group E. department
special-purpose team
MBO works by "cascading" objectives; that is, they become more __________ at lower levels of the organization. A. general B. challenging C. time-bound D. attainable E. specific
specific
Jason, a manager, has one subordinate, Teresa, who is both unable and unwilling to complete a new task. He has another subordinate, Jean, who is unable but willing to complete a new task. Jason should use a __________ style with Teresa, and a __________ style with Jean. A. telling; selling B. selling; telling C. participating; selling D. selling; participating E. Jason should use the delegating style with both subordinates.
telling; selling
Which of the following is a suggestion by Bryan Barry to keep a strategic plan on track? A. Engage people B. Stay focused C. Keep moving D. Keep it simple E. All of the above are Barry's suggestions to keep a strategic plan on track.
All of the above are Barry's suggestions to keep a strategic plan on track.
According to experts, innovation has which of the following characteristics? A. Innovating is an uncertain process. B. Innovation is knowledge-intensive. C. Innovation may be controversial. D. Innovation can be complex. E. All of the above are characteristics of innovation.
All of the above are characteristics of innovation.
Which of the following is a consideration in building a group into an effective team? A. norms B. groupthink C. performance goals and feedback D. size E. All of the above are considerations in building a group into an effective team.
All of the above are considerations in building a group into an effective team.
_________ strives to devise solutions that benefit both parties. A. Avoiding B. Collaborating C. Compromising D. Forcing E. Accommodating
Collaborating
The law that requires an extension of health insurance benefits after termination is the A. Wagner Act B. Social Security Act C. Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) D. Occupational Safety and Health Act E. Civil Rights Act
Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA)
Managers need to do a __________ as a starting point in developing a grand strategy. A. SWOT analysis B. forecasting model C. contingency plan D. trend analysis E. planning analysis
SWOT analysis
__________ refers to educating __________ employees in how to better do their current jobs. A. Training; technical and operational B. Training; managerial and professional C. Development; technical and operational D. Development; managerial and professional E. Orientation; seasoned
Training; technical and operational
Scott works for an organization that describes itself as a "learning organization." As a manager, which of the following actions is Scott most likely to take while working for this organization? A. When Scott needs a new member of his staff, he deliberately looks for someone with new talent and expertise. B. Scott likes to promote from within because those folks know how "it has always been done." C. Scott puts all of his time into running his part of the organization, so he never gets around to reading the trade journals that are piling up on his desk. D. Scott thinks of knowledge as power and uses it to obtain resources for himself and his department. E. Thankfully, Scott believes, his employees don't need training and development since they are already familiar with the ropes. He realizes this would be a large cost to the organization.
When Scott needs a new member of his staff, he deliberately looks for someone with new talent and expertise.
In which of the following situations would the use of OD techniques be the most helpful? A. helping employees from two similar organizations work better together in a strategic alliance B. increasing efficiency among employees in a firm C. assisting employees in dealing with stressful situations D. facilitating discussion of ethical issues in preparing a code of ethics for a company E. working with the CEO to determine how to increase profitability
assisting employees in dealing with stressful situations
In MBO, the structure of the objectives—organizational, divisional, departmental, and individual—is called the ________ of objectives. A. improvement B. personal development C. maintenance D. strategy E. cascading
cascading
Which of the following is a characteristic of a simple structure? A. a detailed employee handbook B. high work specialization C. extensive division of labor D. centralized authority E. tall hierarchy
centralized authority
An organization's _________ is a control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time. A. division of labor B. chain of command C. span of control D. decentralization of authority E. strategic plan
chain of command
The conclusion of a speech should A. take up 30-40% of the time. B. contain a call to action, a thought for the day, a little story, or a quotation. C. avoid raising expectations. D. contain a joke. E. consist mainly of details.
contain a call to action, a thought for the day, a little story, or a quotation.
Hygiene factors are connected with the job's ________, while motivating factors are connected to the job's _________. A. context; content B. context; supervision C. supervision; content D. working conditions; supervision E. content; context
context; content
The ________ viewpoint emphasizes that a manager's actions should vary according to the situation. A. contingency B. quality management C. operations management D. systems E. open loop
contigency
The process of fitting an organization to its environment is called A. environmental analysis. B. contingency design. C. contingency planning. D. diversification. E. integration.
contingency design.
ChemTech International is being picketed by a group of people who live by its biggest plant. The group is concerned about ChemTech's disposal of waste products into nearby waterways. In this instance, ChemTech is most likely dealing with __________ part of its __________ environment. A. special-interest groups; task B. local communities; task C. sociocultural; general D. sociocultural; task E. local communities; general
local communities; task
Which of the following is a disadvantage of larger groups? A. lower morale B. more division of labor C. more interaction D. fewer resources E. fewer cliques
lower morale
In managing virtual workers, a manager should A. give directions only by phone or in person. B. make sure the worker is keeping to a fixed schedule of hours. C. let employees work using their own expectations of how to do their jobs. D. meet regularly, face to face. E. initiate change quickly.
meet regularly, face to face.
Good control systems deliver good information to managers: A. immediately. B. every week. C. every month. D. every quarter. E. often enough to allow corrective action.
often enough to allow corrective action.
The concept of "bounded rationality" is related to the ________ model of decision making. A. coalitional B. garbage in-garbage out C. satisficing D. incremental E. intuitional
satisficing
Belief in one's personal ability to do a task is called A. self-esteem. B. self-efficacy. C. self-monitoring. D. openness to experience. E. locus of control.
self-efficacy.
In Hersey-Blanchard's situational leadership model, when a manager is explaining decisions and persuading others to follow a course of action, he is using the __________ style. A. telling B. selling C. participating D. delegating E. achievement-oriented
selling
A manager's duty to take actions that will benefit the interests of society as well as of the organization is known as A. philanthropy. B. ethics. C. moral rights. D. social responsibility. E. the profit motive.
social responsibility
A "SMART" goal is one that is A. specific, maintainable, attainable, realistic, and time-bound. B. specific, measurable, attainable, results-oriented, and has targeted dates. C. specific, maintainable, achievement-oriented, real-time, and targeted. D. specific, measurable, affordable, realistic, and targeted. E. specific, maintainable, aligned with other goals, realistic, and time-bound.
specific, measurable, attainable, results-oriented, and has targeted dates.
Which of the following is a possibility in an attempt to correct an action that is not working? A. change it dramatically B. drastically alter it C. decide immediately D. try the alternative one more time E. start over
start over
In Harvey's job, he takes random samples of production runs to ascertain quality. His job involves A. benchmarking. B. statistical process control. C. reduced cycle time. D. feedforward control. E. strategic control.
statistical process control.
The incremental model of decision-making suggests that managers make decisions by A. random choices. B. choosing something that is "good enough." C. taking small steps to alleviate a problem. D. joining with groups. E. quickly using past experience or practice.
taking small steps to alleviate a problem.
Managers often use ___________, which provides four indicators for progress to measure performance. A. the balanced scorecard B. a strategic map C. measurement management D. a strategic scorecard. E. evidence-based management
the balanced scorecard
The beginning of the global economy can be traced to A. the industrial revolution. B. the scientific revolution. C. the Renaissance. D. the fall of the Berlin Wall. E. the end of WWII.
the fall of the Berlin Wall
In an organic organization, A. authority is centralized. B. communication is formal. C. the span of control is wider. D. tasks are highly specialized. E. many rules and procedures exist.
the span of control is wider.
Communication is A. the transfer of information and understanding from one person to another. B. a process involving only the sender, message, and receiver C. a process involving only encoding and decoding D. completed with listening. E. interpreting the message.
the transfer of information and understanding from one person to another.
Lewin's Change Model consists of A. three stages: unfreezing, changing, and refreezing B. three types: adaptive, innovative, and radically innovative C. eight steps for leading organizational change D. three steps: diagnosis, intervention, and evaluation E. ten characteristics for change.
three stages: unfreezing, changing, and refreezing
Which of these viewpoints emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior and motivating and encouraging employees toward achievement? A. classical viewpoint B. behavioral viewpoint C. quantitative viewpoint D. management science viewpoint E. qualitative viewpoint
behavioral viewpoint
Which of the following is one of the phases in the development of the behavioral viewpoint? A. human resource management B. human relations C. operations management D. administrative theory E. operations research
human relations
A simple model of motivation includes which of the following? A. unfulfilled need B. motivation C. behaviors D. rewards E. A simple model of motivation includes all of the above.
A simple model of motivation includes all of the above.
Which of the following statements about group decision making is true? A. Individuals are always better than groups in decision making. B. Groups are always better than individuals in decision making. C. Involving groups in decision making always increases individual performance. D. Groups are faster at making decisions. E. Managers should utilize groups in decision making on a selective basis.
Managers should utilize groups in decision making on a selective basis.
McClelland's need for achievement corresponds most closely to A. Herzberg's hygiene factors. B. Maslow's esteem needs. C. Maslow's self-actualization needs. D. extrinsic rewards. E. Alderfer's relatedness needs.
Maslow's self-actualization needs.
The stable psychological traits and behavioral attributes that give a person his identity is known as his A. values. B. goals. C. attitudes. D. personality. E. attributions.
personality.
According to Lawrence and Lorsch, the ______________determine(s) the degree of differentiation or integration that is appropriate. A. amount of resources in the environment of an organization B. governmental pressures on an organization C. organization's culture D. stability of an organization's environment E. size of the organization
stability of an organization's environment
Which of the following permits suits against employers for punitive damages in cases of intentional discrimination? A. Civil Rights Act B. COBRA C. Immigration Reform & Control Act D. ERISA E. Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Civil Rights Act
Which of the following laws/regulations is related to equal employment opportunity? A. Civil Rights Act, Title VII B. Family and Medical Leave Act C. Privacy Act D. HIPPA E. ERISA
Civil Rights Act, Title VII
__________ emphasizes the scientific study of work methods to improve productivity of individual workers. A. Scientific management B. Behavioral science approach C. Management science D. Operations management E. Administrative management
scientific management
An organization must stay ahead of their competitors in all of the following areas except A. being responsive to customers. B. innovation. C. quality. D. white-collar organization. E. efficiency.
white-collar organization
How many steps are in the strategic-management process? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5
5
Which of the following is a chief skill companies seek in top managers? A. the ability to motivate and engage others B. the ability to communicate C. work experience outside the U.S. D. high energy levels to meet the demands of global travel and a 24/7 world E. All of the above are chief skills companies seek in top managers.
All of the above are chief skills companies seek in top managers
___________ describes how dependable and responsible a person is. A. Emotional stability B. Conscientiousness C. Extroversion D. Locus of control E. Self-efficacy
Conscientiousness
The statement, "My boss doesn't know how to do his job," reflects the __________ component of an attitude. A. behavioral B. decisional C. cognitive D. affective E. value
cognitive
Unemployment rates are examples of _____________ forces in an organization's general environment. A. economic B. technological C. political-legal D. sociocultural E. demographic
economic
Which of the following statements about strategy and strategic positioning is true? A. Strategic position emerges from three sources. B. Strategy requires trade-offs in competing. C. A company has to choose not only what strategy to follow but what strategy not to follow. D. Strategy involves creating a "fit" among activities. E. All of the above statements about strategy and strategic positioning are true.
All of the above statements about strategy and strategic positioning are true.
The CEO of __________ said "you lead today by building teams and placing others first." A. Bank of America B. Sony C. Wal-Mart D. Proctor and Gamble E. General Electric
General Electric
The model that identifies leadership styles as "job-centered" or "employee-centered" is the ___________ model. A. Blake and Mouton Leadership Grid B. path-goal leadership C. University of Michigan leadership D. University of Ohio leadership E. Hersey and Blanchard's
University of Michigan leadership
What cultural perspective assumes that the most effective cultures help organizations anticipate and adapt to environmental changes? A. strength perspective B. fit perspective C. strategic perspective D. conditional perspective E. adaptive perspective
adaptive perspective
The statement, "I don't like answering the phone when I'm trying to study," reflects the __________ component of an attitude. A. behavioral B. decisional C. cognitive D. affective E. value
affective
A(n) __________ is defined as a learned predisposition toward a given object. A. value B. attitude C. decision D. behavior E. cognate
attitude
Employees are part of the __________ environment of organizations. A. external B. task C. general D. internal E. sociocultural
internal
Small-batch organizations tend to be __________ formal and to be __________ flexible. A. more; more B. less; more C. less; less D. more; less E. There is no relationship between level of specialization and level of bureaucracy.
less; less
The idea that management should pay more attention to employees came out of A. Frederick Taylor's Scientific Management. B. Fayol's Administrative Management. C. the Hawthorne studies. D. operations research. E. Theory Y.
the Hawthorne studies
A manager at a department store is trying to figure out why an employee recruitment effort is not performing as expected. This is an example of A. planning. B. organizing. C. leading. D. controlling. E. leadership.
controlling
Of the following, which is one of the functions of management described by Fayol? A. coordinating B. arbitrating C. collaborating D. tasking E. All of the above were part of Fayol's system.
coordinating
__________ is a simultaneous, ongoing, mutual influence process in which people share responsibility for leading. A. Transformational leadership B. Shared leadership C. Transactional leadership D. Servant leadership E. Charismatic leadership
Shared leadership
__________ is the tendency of people to exert less effort when working in groups than when working alone. A. Gadflying B. Social loafing C. Procrastinating D. Social ignorance E. Social gadflying
Social loafing
In which stage in the rational decision-making model are alternative solutions thought up? A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 D. Stage 4 E. This is not part of the rational decision-making model.
Stage 2
The field that is dedicated to better understanding and managing people at work is called A. organizational behavior. B. organizational development. C. organizational culture. D. organizational strategy. E. organizational science.
organizational behavior.
Two years ago, Jersey Office Supply Company changed the maintenance schedule on its delivery trucks by increasing the number of miles between oil changes and other preventive maintenance activities. This allowed them to forego purchasing another truck to cover when vehicles were out of service for preventive maintenance. Last year, however, Jersey trucks broke down about 50% more than the prior year. This is an example of A. overemphasis on one instead of multiple approaches B. overemphasis on paperwork C. overemphasis on means instead of ends D. too much control E. too little participation
overemphasis on means instead of ends
After setting goals, managers should next A. ignore the subordinate. B. supervise the subordinate closely C. prepare an action plan for accomplishing the goals. D. ignore the performance of the team, focusing only on the worker. E. revise the goals whether they need it or not.
prepare an action plan for accomplishing the goals.
The idea that decision makers find the notion of an actual loss more painful than giving up the possibility of a gain is called A. a heuristic. B. availability bias. C. representativeness bias. D. prospect theory. E. satisficing.
prospect theory
Which of the following is a trait of emotional intelligence? A. self-sufficiency B. environmental awareness C. self-monitoring D. relationship management E. chameleon-like behavior
relationship management
Joe believes that he was not promoted to professor at State University because of the university's desire to promote minorities and women to achieve greater diversity at higher ranks. More than likely Joe believes he is suffering from A. reverse discrimination. B. ethnocentrism. C. an ethical dilemma. D. diversity. E. stereotyping.
reverse discrimination
Your Local Department (YLD) store is in the process of cross-training all of its employees to be able to assist customers, do inventory audits, and assess demand for new clothing fashions. The company is changing A. people. B. structure. C. skills. D. technology. E. attitudes.
skills.
Which type of organization is most likely to be organic? A. continuous batch B. large-batch C. small-batch D. centralized E. highly differentiated
small-batch
The economic or productive potential of strong, trusting, and cooperative relationships is called A. economic capital. B. social capital. C. potential capital. D. productive capital. E. human capital.
social capital.
A(n) __________ is a person or organization that provides raw materials, services, equipment, labor, or energy to other organizations. A. supplier B. distributor C. strategic ally D. special interest group E. ESOP
supplier
High-definition videoconference systems that simulate face-to-face meetings between users are called __________ technology. A. telepresence B. telecommuting C. televideo D. intranet E. netconference
telepresence
As follower readiness increases, leaders should move from _______ to _______ to ________ to _______ style. A. telling, participating, selling, delegating B. telling, selling, delegating, participating C. telling, selling, participating, delegating D. selling, telling, delegating, participating E. selling, telling, participating, delegating
telling, selling, participating, delegating
Pat and Dale are both managers at ABC Company. Pat wants to decorate the office in light blue, and Dale wants to decorate in tan. This issue is important to Pat, but not to Dale. Dale should adopt a(n) ________ conflict-handling style. A. avoiding B. collaborating C. compromising D. forcing E. accommodating
accommodating
The conflict-handling style in which one person allows another to have his or her own way is called A. avoiding. B. collaborating. C. compromising. D. forcing. E. accommodating.
accommodating.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a quality circle? A. advice team B. assigned membership C. emerged from self-managed teams D. high empowerment E. part of each organizational group
advice team
The concept of the glass ceiling would most likely be experienced by which of the following people? A. a white male with seniority B. a union worker C. a female waitress who is 65 D. an African American woman who is a senior vice president at a large multinational bank E. a Dutch national male who is an actor
an African American woman who is a senior vice president at a large multinational bank
Evidence-based decision making depends on A. knowledge management. B. a thirst for knowledge. C. an attitude of wisdom. D. a search for excellence. E. principle-based leadership.
an attitude of wisdom.
Whistleblowers are most likely presented with which of the following? A. an ethical dilemma B. an idealistic situation C. a professional behavior by their boss D. coworkers that enjoy their company E. sociocultural trends
an ethical dilemma
Bethany is writing a paper for her management class. She already has a strong 'A' in the class, and only needs to get a C on the paper to keep her A. As she prepares the final version of the paper, she takes special care that the paper is well-written, insightful, and error-free, something that she can be proud of. Bethany is experiencing A. an intrinsic reward. B. high equity. C. a belongingness need. D. a hygiene factor. E. a high need for affiliation.
an intrinsic reward.
Imelda is a careful decision maker who has a reputation for taking a long time to make decisions. She is very thorough in collecting information and evaluating more alternatives than other managers are. Imelda is most likely ___________ in her decision-making style. A. analytical B. behavioral C. conceptual D. directive E. relaxed
analytical
Bill is supportive of his employees and prefers to have verbal conversations rather than written memos. His style is most likely A. analytical. B. behavioral. C. conceptual. D. directive. E. heuristic.
behavioral
In general, organizations are more organic when in the _______ and _______ stages, and they are more mechanistic in the _______ and _______ stages. A. midlife, maturity; birth, youth B. midlife, youth; birth, maturity C. maturity, birth; midlife, youth D. birth, youth; midlife, maturity E. midlife, birth; youth, maturity
birth, youth; midlife, maturity
A __________ is defined as a fluid, highly adaptive organization whose members, linked by information technology, come together to collaborate on common tasks. A. technological organization B. wireless organization C. virtual organization D. boundaryless organization E. communication organization
boundaryless organization
Top executives at XYZ Company want to let lower level managers know that XYZ is going to be acquired by ABC, Inc. How should they communicate this? (Assume that all of the choices are possible.) A. send a memo to all managers B. send an e-mail to all managers C. call a meeting of managers D. post a notice on all bulletin boards E. schedule a conference phone call
call a meeting of managers
According to Frederick Smith, chairman and CEO of FedEx, "The primary task of leadership is to "__________." A. align people in an organization B. inspire trust within an organization C. communicate the vision and values of an organization D. oversee the success of an organization E. communicate the mission and vision of an organization
communicate the vision and values of an organization
Which of the following is a barrier to effective measurement? A. top executives agree on strategy B. the organizational culture emphasizes teamwork and allows risk taking C. communication is clear D. companies measure activities rather than results E. there is better focus and alignment
companies measure activities rather than results
The process of ongoing small, incremental improvements in all parts of an organization is called A. reengineering B. radical innovation C. continuous improvement D. MBO E. MBWA
continuous improvement
ABC, an American company, produces paper products. It arranges a trade with a Russian firm for metal fasteners that the Russian firm produces. ABC then resells the metal fasteners. ABC is involved in A. outsourcing. B. countertrading. C. importing. D. exporting. E. franchising.
countertrading
A team composed of people from different departments who are pursuing a common objective is called a A. quality circle. B. problem-solving team. C. cross-functional team. D. virtual team. E. work force.
cross-functional team.
Techno Tools is selling off land, buildings and some of its product inventory. It is pursuing which of these strategies? A. growth B. stability C. defensive D. reorganization E. prospector
defensive
Ling Lee procrastinates making a decision about the morale problem among assembly workers. After all, she thinks, maybe someone else will figure out what to do. Ling Lee is experiencing a ________ reaction. A. relaxed change B. relaxed avoidance C. defensive avoidance D. panic E. recency
defensive avoidance
Role-playing criticism to test whether a proposal is workable is called A. devil's advocacy. B. groupthink. C. dialectical inquiry. D. storming. E. nonprogrammed conflict.
devil's advocacy.
Sales have exceeded expectations at ABC Company this year, and Pete, the head of manufacturing, has hired temporary workers to supplement the existing work force. Pete is clearly operating with the use of a(n) ___________ budget. A. zero-based B. incremental C. flexible D. fixed E. cash
flexible
The benefit of the single-product company is A. diversification. B. focus. C. multi-channel. D. differentiation. E. no need for management.
focus
Which of the following dimensions is an example of a secondary dimension on the diversity wheel? A. race B. geographic location C. sexual orientation D. physical abilities E. age
geographic location
ABC Company has product divisions for hardware, electrical supplies, and plumbing supplies. Each has its own production facility and sales staff. ABC is A. highly differentiated. B. functionally organized. C. a matrix organization. D. closely integrated. E. team-based.
highly differentiated.
An announcement of the company-sponsored picnic travels from the employees' social committee to the other employees through email. This communication is __________ and __________. A. external; informal B. horizontal; informal C. vertical; informal D. vertical; formal E. external; formal
horizontal; informal
A number of years ago, the U.S. limited the amount of steel that was imported. This is an example of a(n) A. embargo. B. tariff. C. import quota. D. franchise. E. boycott.
import quota
"What must we excel at" is the question to be answered by which of the following balanced scorecard perspectives? A. external perspective B. financial perspective C. customer perspective D. internal business perspective E. innovation & learning perspective
internal business perspective
Joe, a human resources specialist for Jersey Office Supplies Co., rides along with the furniture delivery people to observe the problems they were encountering and what activities they were required to perform. Joe was performing a A. personality test. B. performance appraisal. C. BARS. D. job analysis. E. job rotation.
job analysis.
A(n) ___________ indicates how easily an organization's assets can be converted into cash. A. return ratio B. liquidity ratio C. debt management ratio D. asset management ratio E. activity ratio
liquidity ratio
Which of the following is a "don't" toward better nonverbal communication skills? A. maintain eye contact B. look away from the speaker C. lean toward the speaker D. speak in a quiet, reassuring tone E. smile and show animation
look away from the speaker
Effective strategic management involves A. only top management. B. only top and middle management. C. only middle and lower management levels. D. only lower management level. E. managers from all parts of the organization.
managers from all parts
According to Fiedler's model, _________ situation control favors a leader who is _________ oriented. A. moderate; task B. high; relationship C. moderate; relationship D. low; relationship E. difficult; charismatic
moderate; relationship
Which of the following is positively related to job satisfaction? A. job performance B. life satisfaction C. less absenteeism D. motivation E. greater stress
motivation
Placing information about job vacancies and qualifications in places in the organization where employees can see them such as bulletin boards is called A. job analysis. B. realistic job previewing. C. BARS. D. recruiting. E. job posting.
job posting.
The Lemon Automobile Company has combined the functional and product divisional chains of command in a grid so that there are two command structures—vertical and horizontal. This organization has a ___________ structure. A. matrix B. conglomerate C. team-based D. hybrid E. mechanistic
matrix
A person with a conceptual decision-making style is __________ in her value orientation and __________ in her tolerance for ambiguity. A. task/technical; high B. task/technical; low C. people/social; high D. people/social; low E. This cannot be determined from the information given.
people/social; high
Bonita, a manager, provides a bonus to Beverly, one of her subordinates, for effectively dealing with a difficult customer's complaint. This is an example of the use of __________ power. A. legitimate B. referent C. reward D. punishment E. expert
reward
Which of the following is a characteristic of a self-managed team? A. advice team B. voluntary membership C. team bonuses are used D. no empowerment E. outside the organizational structure
team bonuses are used
TQM is led by A. top managers. B. middle managers. C. lower-level managers. D. general managers. E. functional managers.
top managers
The belief that you control your own destiny is called A. internal locus of control. B. entrepreneurship. C. intrapreneurship. D. external locus of control. E. manifest destiny.
internal locus of control
Which of the following is a challenge facing managers? A. staying ahead of competitors through replication B. managing to achieve the manager's own happiness and life goals C. remembering what worked in the past D. dealing with accelerated decision making, conflict, and stress E. collaborating with competitors
managing to achieve the manager's own happiness & life goals
Which of the following countries is a member of APEC? A. Venezuela B. Brazil C. Bolivia D. China E. Latvia
China
__________ group activities around defined regional locations. A. Functional structures B. Product divisions C. Conglomerates D. Matrix organizations E. Geographic divisions
Geographic divisions
Which of the following refers to the "shrinking" of time and space as air travel and the electronic media have made it easier for people of the globe to communicate with one another? A. Pony Express B. Global Village C. The Internet D. World Wide Web E. Free Trade Agreements
Global Village
Which of the following is a process perspective on motivation? A. Two-factor theory B. ERG theory C. Goal-setting theory D. Acquired needs theory E. Hierarchy of needs theory
Goal-setting theory
__________ tests don't work, but ___________ tests do. A. Graphology; integrity B. Integrity; graphology C. Conscientiousness; integrity D. Integrity; conscientiousness E. Conscientiousness; graphology
Graphology; integrity
Which of the following would BEST describe MBO? A. It is a top-down system. B. It is a bottom-up system. C. Its purpose is to motivate employees. D. Its purpose is to control employees. E. It is used to benchmark against competitors.
Its purpose is to motivate employees.
The questionnaire used in Fiedler's model is called the A. Myers-Briggs Type Inventory. B. Least Preferred Coworker scale. C. Tolerance of Ambiguity questionnaire. D. Type A behavior scale. E. Path-goal survey.
Least Preferred Coworker scale.
Which of the following statements is good advice for choosing a mentor? A. Choose someone higher up the corporate ladder than you are. B. Choose your mentor carefully, you should only choose one. C. Wait for your mentor to reach out to you; it is bad form to choose your mentor first. D. Look for someone different from you. E. Adopt whatever ground rules your mentor suggests.
Look for someone different from you.
Which of the following statements about a code of ethics is most true? A. Most codes of ethics offer guidance on how to treat stakeholders. B. The purpose of a code of ethics is to keep top management out of jail. C. Most codes of ethics prohibit bribes unless it is the accepted way of doing business in a foreign country. D. Workforce diversity is never covered in a code of ethics; instead it is covered in its own diversity code. E. A code of ethics is almost always an informal understanding between people who work for a particular organization.
Most codes of ethics offer guidance on how to treat stakeholders.
In which stage in the rational decision-making model do you evaluate the chosen solution's ability to take advantage of an opportunity? A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 D. Stage 4 E. This is not part of the rational decision-making model.
This is not part of the rational decision-making model.
The process by which a company compares its performance with that of high-performing organizations is called A. benchmarking. B. statistical process control. C. continuous improvement. D. JIT analysis. E. outsourcing.
benchmarking.
A person's overall satisfaction with his job depends on how he feels about his A. life outside of work. B. locus of control. C. boss as a supervisor. D. industry. E. self-efficacy.
boss as a supervisor.
The four stages of a project are, in order: A. definition, execution, planning, closing. B. definition, planning, execution, closing. C. planning, definition, execution, closing. D. planning, execution, definition, closing. E. execution, definition, planning, closing.
definition, planning, execution, closing.
Which of the following is a force of change outside of an organization? A. demographic characteristics B. employee problems C. employee turnover D. a change in management E. managers' behavior
demographic characteristics
Rosa has been asked to observe a task force during its initial meetings and to give them feedback and suggestions about how to improve the way they function. Rosa is involved in A. survey feedback. B. diagnosis. C. intergroup development. D. technostructural activities. E. evaluation.
diagnosis.
The tendency of the parts of an organization to fragment is called A. dispersion. B. differentiation. C. integration. D. conglomeration. E. decentralization.
differentiation.
José, a manager, has an open door policy and encourages his staff to drop in whenever they have a question. José is exercising ______ skills. A. technical B. conceptual C. human D. intuitive E. liaison
human
Betty, a manager, is training new employees of the firm who will be working for her. Betty is performing the __________ role. A. leadership B. figurehead C. liaison D. technical E. entrepreneur
leadership
Arranging tasks, people, and other resources to accomplish the work is called A. planning. B. organizing. C. leading. D. controlling. E. managing.
organizing
Frederick W. Taylor is important to management history because he A. pioneered motion studies. B. developed therbligs. C. identified the major functions of management. D. developed ideas that would later lead to the field of industrial psychology. E. anticipated the concept of "self-managed teams."
pioneered motion studies
The measure of success of a nonprofit organization is A. ROI. B. the money that is earned. C. the effectiveness of the services delivered. D. the number of services delivered. E. the profit of the organization.
the effectiveness of the services delivered
Very large companies typically use which form of management structure? A. flat B. traditional management pyramid C. management square D. corporate triangle form E. linear
traditional management pyramid
__________ means taking risks to create a new enterprise. A. Entrepreneurship B. Sole proprietorship C. Partnership creation D. Joint venturing E. Acquisition
Entrepreneurship
__________ skills consist of the job-specific knowledge needed to perform well in a specialized field. A. Technical B. Conceptual C. Human D. Physical E. Evaluative
Technical
Which of the following is a reward for practicing management? A. You can build a catalog of successful products or services. B. You and your employees can experience a sense of accomplishment. C. You can stretch your abilities and magnify your range D. You can be rewarded money and status for your efforts E. All of the above are rewards of being a manager.
All of the above are rewards of being a manager
A & H Farm Cooperative advances its members' interests by providing a place for the members to sell their produce. A & H is which type of organization? A. for-profit B. nonprofit C. administrative D. mutual-benefit E. aid-based
mutual-benefit
___________ power results from one's specialized information. A. Legitimate B. Referent C. Reward D. Punishment E. Expert
Expert
___________ has been found to have a stronger positive correlation with job performance than agreeableness. A. Emotional stability B. Conscientiousness C. Extroversion D. Proactiveness E. Openness to experience
Extroversion
Which of the following was a positive feature of bureaucracy, according to Max Weber? A. managers and workers working side-by-side B. impersonality C. loosely-defined hierarchy of authority D. hiring and promotion based on social status E. informal rules and procedures
impersonality
A group of people who work together to achieve some specific purpose is/are called A. managers. B. employees. C. a team. D. an organization. E. a community.
an organization
The viewpoint that emphasizes ways to manage work more efficiently is the ____________ approach. A. behavioral B. quantitative C. TQM D. classical E. rational
classical
What you as a manager do to "get things done" is called A. the management process. B. efficiency. C. effectiveness. D. goal setting. E. strategy.
the management process
The most important problem with the classical approach is that it A. overemphasizes human needs. B. is too complicated. C. doesn't improve productivity. D. views humans as cogs in a machine. E. is rational.
views humans as cogs in a machine
Which of the following cultural perspectives leads to the highest long-term financial performance? A. strength perspective B. fit perspective C. strategic perspective D. conditional perspective E. adaptive perspective
adaptive perspective
The core values of an organization are known as its A. symbolic culture. B. stories. C. rites and rituals. D. heroic culture. E. basic assumptions.
basic assumptions
Compared to women, men tend to A. give more tactful feedback. B. praise more. C. be indirect when they don't know something. D. indicate a lack of certainty about something. E. make apologies.
be indirect when they don't know something.
Which of the following is an advantage of larger groups? A. higher morale B. more autocratic leadership is acceptable C. can take advantage of division of labor D. greater boldness E. less social loafing
can take advantage of division of labor
Ian is very creative and prefers to look at the long-term issues when making a decision. He considers a wide variety of possible actions based on an open mind about the possibilities. Sometimes his coworkers find him indecisive because of these tendencies. Ian is probably _________ in his decision-making style. A. analytical B. behavioral C. conceptual D. directive E. relaxed
conceptual
A drug test employed by an organization in its hiring process is an example of a(n) _______ resource control. A. physical B. human C. financial D. informational E. capital
human
Because people are uncomfortable with inconsistency, Festinger theorized, they will seek to reduce the dissonance of the inconsistency. How they deal with the discomfort, he suggested, depends on which of the following factors? A. importance B. judgment C. personality D. cognition E. aptitude
importance
A company that is buying goods outside the country and reselling them domestically is involved in A. outsourcing. B. countertrading. C. importing. D. exporting. E. franchising.
importing
Managers can increase overall productivity by A. increasing the efficiency of labor. B. decreasing the efficiency of labor. C. decreasing outputs. D. decreasing efficiency of capital. E. decreasing service output.
increasing the efficiency of labor.
Among the recommendations of Mary Parker Follett was A. integration should occur in organizations when conflicts arose. B. managers and workers should work competitively. C. managers should be order-givers, and employees should be order-takers. D. motion studies should be made of every job. E. supervisors should control the work process completely.
integration should occur in organizations when conflicts arose
When managers interact with suppliers in solving quality problems, they are operating in the _______ role. A. interpersonal B. informational C. decisional D. analytical E. visionary
interpersonal
Jay is a software engineer who works for Microsoft. He develops the software code that fixes bugs found in Microsoft products. Because of his great deal of technical skills, Jay is best referred to as a A. knowledge worker. B. blue-collar worker. C. self-managed worker. D. first-line worker. E. first line manager.
knowledge worker
A socially determined expectation of how an individual should behave in a specific position is called a A. role. B. norm. C. rule. D. job description. E. social fit
role
Which of the following is the best statement of a goal? A. Do your best. B. Increase sales by ten percent by the end of this month. C. Reduce customer response time. D. Be late to work less often. E. Complete some reports by 9/1.
Increase sales by ten percent by the end of this month.
__________ is designed to elicit different opinions without inciting people's personal feelings. A. Groupthink B. Programmed conflict C. Social loafing D. Storming E. Dysfunctional conflict
Programmed conflict
__________ was concerned with managing the total organization and was studied by Fayol and Weber. A. Administrative management B. Scientific management C. Contemporary management D. Custom management E. Management science
administrative management
The __________ component of an attitude consists of the feelings or emotions one has about a situation. A. behavioral B. decisional C. cognitive D. affective E. value
affective
Human skills are particularly important for ________ managers. A. top B. middle C. first-line D. independent E. all types of
all types of
The process of determining the basic elements of a job by observation and analysis is called job A. posting. B. specification. C. description. D. analysis. E. rotation.
analysis.
Which of the following is a rational model of decision-making? A. coalitional B. garbage in-garbage out C. incremental D. classical E. intuitional
classical
Which of the following is a psychological sign of stress? A. headaches B. insomnia C. hostility D. alcohol abuse E. heart attack
hostility
Raj is the nurse in charge of managing the supplies and other inventory for his wing of the hospital. He uses a(n) _________ program to be sure that the hospital can rely on always having the correct supplies and level of inventory on hand. This allows the hospital to be both efficient and effective. A. operations research B. contingency C. quality management D. operations management E. qualitative
operations management
When workers perceive they are being treated fairly on the job, they are most likely to A. support organizational change. B. feel less committed to the organization. C. be absent more often. D. quit their jobs. E. steal supplies and equipment.
support organizational change.
The more management levels through which a message passes A. the quicker the message gets to the top. B. the fewer people are involved. C. the more distorted the message may become. D. the more informal the organization. E. the more disorganized the organization.
the more distorted the message may become
The use of government regulations to limit the import of goods and services is called A. ethnocentrism. B. free trade. C. expropriation. D. embargo. E. trade protectionism.
trade protectionism
A(n) _________ budget allows resources to vary in proportion with various levels of activity. A. incremental B. variable C. zero-based D. fixed E. cash
variable
A "vision statement" is a statement of A. the organization's purpose. B. what the organization sees in its environment. C. what the organization wants to become. D. the organization's reason for being. E. the organization's ethics.
what the organization wants to become.
Under which of the following circumstances would cognitive dissonance be greatest? A. when the elements of the dissonance are not very important B. when the individual has little control C. when the emotional investment in the situation is large D. when the rewards at stake are small E. when there is little financial investment in the idea
when the emotional investment in the situation is large
The ability to think analytically is associated with _______________ skills. A. technical B. conceptual C. human D. physical E. intuitive
conceptual
When a company uses a supplier outside itself to provide goods and services, it is A. outsourcing. B. countertrading. C. franchising. D. licensing. E. privatizing.
outsourcing
Which of the following is one of the Big 5 personality dimensions? A. Tolerance for ambiguity B. Openness to change C. Ability to see the big picture D. Openness to extremes E. Emotional stability
Emotional stability
Which of the following is a step in the rational decision-making model? A. Evaluate alternatives and then continue finding additional alternatives. B. Evaluate the chosen solution's ability to take advantage of an opportunity. C. Get alternative solutions from doing secondary research. D. Identify the problem or opportunity. E. Consider the solution chosen for at least 24 hours.
Identify the problem or opportunity.
__________ is a trading status describes a condition in which a country grants other countries favorable trading treatment such as a reduction of import duties. A. Most favored nation B. MERCOSUR C. Free trading status D. The freedom status E. The Jamaican status
Most favored nation
Championing an innovation may require you to draw on your finest ___________ skills in order to be successful. A. organizational B. communication C. production D. financial E. pricing
communication
Which of the following is a stage in the life of an organization? A. introduction B. maturity stage C. adolescent stage D. growth E. middle stage
maturity stage
According to the job characteristics model, skill variety, task identity, and task significance combine to affect A. knowledge of results. B. meaningfulness of work. C. responsibility for results. D. autonomy. E. feedback.
meaningfulness of work.
The tendency to attribute another person's behavior to their personal characteristics rather than to the situation they are in is called A. the fundamental attribution bias. B. selective perception. C. the self-fulfilling prophecy. D. a self-serving bias. E. stereotyping.
the fundamental attribution bias.
The "motivating potential score" is calculated as part of using ___________. A. reinforcement theory B. McClelland's acquired needs theory C. the job characteristics model D. goal-setting theory E. equity theory
the job characteristics model
A year after changes were made in the employee incentive plan, Scott is comparing absenteeism and turnover data from the last three years to the current year. Scott is in the _________ stage of OD. A. intervention B. diagnosis C. evaluation D. technostructural E. adaptation
evaluation
According to a Business Week summary of management studies, men score higher than women do on A. strategic planning. B. producing high-quality work. C. analyzing issues. D. motivating others. E. exhibiting turf-consciousness.
exhibiting turf-consciousness.
Cynthia Barton Rabe, a former innovation strategist for Intel, suggests that too much knowledge and _______ can actually kill innovation. A. determination B. tolerance for ambiguity C. experience D. technical ability E. creativity
experience
If a manager knows his subordinates have low self-esteem, she should A. concentrate on their weaknesses. B. redesign the work so that jobs are routine and structured. C. avoid delegating work to subordinates. D. express confidence in employees' abilities to complete their tasks. E. avoid giving negative feedback.
express confidence in employees' abilities to complete their tasks.
On Mondays, Gloria always makes sure to check with all her subordinates on how their weekends went. Gloria is ________. A. expressing consideration B. "selling" C. being a "team" leader D. exercising her position power E. being an achievement-oriented leader
expressing consideration
Jason tells Giorgio his cell phone number, and Giorgio nods. Jason then asks Giorgio to repeat back to him the phone number he just gave him. Jason is trying to avoid a(n) __________ barrier. A. encoding B. decoding C. medium D. feedback E. receiver
feedback
Which of the following is a piece of advice to help reduce the amount of information coming your way? A. learn to read all messages faster B. find a way to filter out unwanted messages C. use your e-mail inbox for general storage D. use different sites for e-mails and voicemails E. have both work and personal e-mails delivered to the same account
find a way to filter out unwanted messages
Planning is the __________ step in the management process, and involves setting goals and deciding how to achieve them. A. first B. second C. third D. fourth E. fifth
first
Which level of management is more often engaged in operational planning? A. working-level employees B. first-line managers C. middle managers D. top managers E. consultants
first-line managers
Monica asks Tasha, in a job interview, "Tell me about a time when you were able to deal with conflict in your work." Monica is conducting a(n) A. realistic job preview. B. performance interview. C. situational interview. D. behavioral description interview. E. unstructured interview.
behavioral description interview.
Generic strategies include A. prospector, defender, analyzer, reactor. B. growth, stability, retrenchment. C. cost leadership, differentiation, cost focus, focused differentiation. D. SWOT. E. introduction, growth, maturity, decline.
cost leadership, differentiation, cost focus, focused differentiation.
Which of the following is a reason why companies expand internationally? A. fewer select suppliers B. greater access to capital C. more diverse employees D. avoiding the gray market E. products in the introduction stage of the product life cycle
greater access to capital
Which of the following is an advantage of group decision making? A. groupthink B. greater commitment to the decision C. less thought required D. similar perspectives E. better understanding of the group members
greater commitment to the decision
A chief scientist directing a team of researchers investigating the causes of different diseases should probably use the __________ style. A. group-oriented B. directive C. supportive D. achievement-oriented E. work facilitation
group-oriented
The tendency of group members to agree for the sake of unanimity is called A. goal displacement. B. satisficing. C. groupthink. D. heuristics. E. self-selection.
groupthink
Rocky Mountain Ski and Snowboard is a small shop that provides ski equipment for Rocky Mountain skiers. It has decided to increase advertising in the Denver Post and the Vail Voice as well as sponsor one of the mountain competitions. It is following which strategy? A. growth B. stability C. defensive D. reorganization E. reactor
growth
The stage of the product life cycle during which competitors enter the market is the _____________ stage. A. introduction B. growth C. maturity D. decline E. closure
growth
The __________ says that we form an impression of an individual based on a single trait. A. halo effect B. self-fulfilling prophecy C. fundamental attribution error D. self-serving bias effect E. selective perception error
halo effect
The creation of products, services, or technologies that replace those that already exist is called __________ innovation. A. product F. process G. incremental H. radical I. reactive
radical
On being hired, executives often negotiate generous severance packages that they receive if the company is bought. These are called: A. "Quid pro quo" B. "Golden parachutes" C. "Maquiladoras" D. BARS E. 360-dgreee paybacks
"Golden parachutes"
SWOT" analysis is also known as A. strategic control. B. situational analysis. C. trend analysis. D. contingency planning. E. forecasting.
situational analysis
Recently many older workers who had planned to retire soon decided to keep working longer. This is an example of a _________ change. A. social or political B. random C. demographic D. economic E. structural
social or political
A strategy that involves little or no significant change is the _________ strategy. A. growth B. stability C. defensive D. reorganization E. reactor
stability
The economic development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs is known as A. economic growth. B. strategic planning. C. philanthropic growth. D. sustainability. E. economic growth.
sustainability
A __________ is an object, act, quality, or event that conveys meaning to others. A. story B. hero C. rite of passage D. symbol E. ritual
symbol
The extent to which a job requires the worker to perform all the tasks needed to complete a job from beginning to end is called A. horizontal loading. B. vertical loading. C. task identity. D. task significance. E. autonomy.
task identity.
A "directive" decision-making style reflects a person who is __________ in his value orientation and __________ in his tolerance for ambiguity. A. task/technical; high B. task/technical; low C. people/social; high D. people/social; low E. This cannot be determined from the information given.
task/technical; low
Which of the following should a manager delegate? A. emergencies B. special tasks your boss has asked you to do C. personnel matters D. tasks that match the skills and motivation of subordinates E. confidential matters
tasks that match the skills and motivation of subordinates
In the insurance industry, claims files previously maintained as paper documents are now stored on computers. This is an example of __________ forces in an organization's _________ environment. A. economic; general B. technological; general C. sociocultural; general D. economic; task E. technological; task
technological; general
The Lemon Car Company recently instituted cross-functional teams to develop new products. People on the teams may be located in different parts of the country. It is expensive and time-consuming for people to travel from their different locations to headquarters to meet. The company would benefit most from a change in _________ involving A. technology; teams meeting "virtually" through electronic media. B. structure; disbanding the teams and relying on individuals to develop new products. C. culture; sending team members to conflict management courses. D. people; hiring new people in the organization at the headquarters location. E. strategy; dropping the strategy of developing new products.
technology; teams meeting "virtually" through electronic media.
Which of the following characteristics of group members may lead to "groupthink?" A. the amount of information available to the group B. errors in the information available to the group C. They may be too confident. D. interactions among the members E. diversity in the group
they may be too confident
Nordstrom's department store chain emphasizes the great lengths to which it goes in customer service. Which of the following reasons to enforce norms is an example of this? A. to clarify role expectations B. to help the group survive C. to emphasize the group's important values D. to create cohesiveness E. to help individuals avoid embarrassing situations
to emphasize the group's important values
The theory that focuses on employee perceptions as to how fairly they think they are being treated by the organization is A. Expectancy theory. B. Equity theory. C. Reinforcement theory. D. Goal-setting theory. E. Acquired needs theory.
Equity theory.
__________ values are the explicitly stated values and norms preferred by an organization. A. Implicit B. Espoused C. Enacted D. Encumbered E. Evolutionary
Espoused
___________ has been associated with success for managers and salespeople. A. Emotional stability B. Conscientiousness C. Extroversion D. Agreeableness E. Openness to experience
Extroversion
Which of the following is a contingency approach to leadership? A. Michigan model B. Fiedler's model C. Kouzes & Posner's model D. Ohio State model E. Greenleaf's model
Fiedler's model
The model that suggests that an effective leader clarifies how subordinates can achieve personal and organizational objectives is A. Fiedler's contingency model. B. House's path-goal model. C. Blake and Mouton's managerial grid. D. Hersey and Blanchard's situational leadership model. E. Charismatic leadership theory.
House's path-goal model.
__________ is the economic or productive potential of employee knowledge, experience, and actions. A. Human capital B. Social capital C. Financial capital D. Economic capital E. Knowledge capital
Human capital
The principal organization that was designed to assist in smoothing the flow of money between nations is called the A. World Bank. B. WTO. C. IMF. D. GATT. E. EU.
IMF
Which of the following would be considered a reason for adopting strategic management and strategic planning? A. to keep corporate taxes at a minimum B. to be efficient in implementation of the ways the corporation has historically behaved C. to develop independent work from the staff D. to encourage new ideas E. to increase market dominance using promotion
to encourage new ideas
Organizational culture can be described as A. a system of shared beliefs and values. B. "social glue." C. an organization's personality. D. something that guides the behavior of organizational members. E. all of the above.
all of the above
Which of the following approaches is the best example of a manager using the contingency viewpoint? A. simplifying the steps of the work process B. using motivational techniques to boost worker productivity C. assessing the particular situation and deciding what to do D. performing a motion study E. purchasing new technology to improve efficiency
assessing the particular situation and deciding what to do
As Janine prepares to perform Ryan's performance review, she carefully reviews notes she made during the year. Janine is attempting to avoid the ________ bias. A. availability B. anchoring C. adjustment D. representativeness E. escalation of commitment
availability
Managers tend to give more weight to more recent behavior. This is largely due to the A. heuristic bias. B. halo effect. C. activity effect. D. availability bias. E. representativeness bias.
availability bias
The need for status, reputation, and recognition are part of A. self-actualization. B. esteem. C. love. D. safety. E. physiological.
esteem.
Salvador speaks English as a second language, and sometimes has difficulty coming up with the exact word to express an idea. Salvador is facing a(n) __________ barrier. A. encoding B. decoding C. medium D. feedback E. receiver
encoding
Having just spent $1500 for a new engine for his old car, Raimundo now learns his transmission needs to be replaced. Raimundo decides to junk the car. Raimundo has avoided continuing the __________ bias. A. anchoring B. adjustment C. availability D. representativeness E. escalation of commitment
escalation of commitment
Former President Lyndon B. Johnson's pressing on with the Vietnam War despite mounting casualties abroad and political upheavals at home was most likely due to a(n) A. heuristic bias. B. escalation of commitment bias. C. recency effect. D. availability bias. E. representativeness bias.
escalation of commitment bias.
The belief that one's' own culture is better than another culture is called A. reverse discrimination. B. stereotyping. C. ethnocentrism. D. an ethical dilemma. E. diversity.
ethnocentrism
Which of the following protects employees who raise accusations of fraud to a federal agency? 1. Civil Rights Act 2. COBRA 3. Immigration Reform & Control Act 4. ERISA 5. Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
The term "learning organization" was coined by A. Deming. B. Juran. C. Maslow. D. Senge. E. Mayo.
Senge
Which of the following is a hindrance to perfectly rational decision making? A. information overload B. different priorities C. conflicting goals D. imperfect information E. All of the above hinder perfectly rational decision making.
All of the above
__________ is defined as the stable physical and mental characteristics responsible for a person's identity. A. Philosophy B. Personality C. Psychometrics D. Philanthropy E. Psychology
Personality
Time Warner runs different divisions specializing in television, music, and publishing. Time Warner is using a(n) __________ strategy. A. introductory B. unrelated diversification C. diversification D. differentiation E. infiltration
diversification
The ability of an organization to produce goods or services better than its competitors is called its A. customer responsiveness. B. core competency. C. competitive advantage. D. efficiency. E. effectiveness.
competitive advantage
Why did Peter Drucker compare knowledge workers to concert musicians? A. He loved classical music and enjoyed making these comparisons. B. He felt the workplace of the future may resemble a symphony orchestra with employees the musicians and managers as conductors. C. He believed music in the workplace would eventually help workers to achieve their very best work. D. He believed both concert musicians and knowledge workers need to be creative to succeed. E. All of the above are reasons Peter Drucker compared knowledge workers to concert musicians.
He felt the workplace of the future may resemble a symphony orchestra with employees the musicians and managers as conductors.
The idea that organizations should be managed as communities with managers and subordinates working together in harmony was developed by A. Frederick Taylor. B. the Gilbreths. C. Max Weber. D. Henry Fayol. E. Mary Parker Follet.
Mary Parker Follet
The classical viewpoint is part of the ________ perspective. A. behavioral B. historical C. administrative D. quality E. contingency
historical
The approach that is concerned with managing the total organization is called A. scientific management. B. human relations. C. administrative management. D. contingency theory. E. systems approach.
administrative management
A manager is using information to understand the cause of a problem and determine the best corrective action. This is an example of a(n): A. informational role. B. interpersonal role. C. decisional role. D. analytical role. E. visionary role.
decisional role
Finding ways to deliver goods or services as quickly as possible using as few resources as possible is called A. innovation. B. efficiency. C. effectiveness. D. organizing. E. quality improvement.
efficiency
Which of the following is an example of an informational role? A. Disturbance handler B. Leader C. Spokesperson D. Liaison E. Resource allocator
Spokesperson
Which of the following is a function of management? A. Planning B. Following C. Scheduling D. Destiny control E. Statistical quality control
Planning
Which of the following is a payoff of studying management as a discipline? A. You will understand how to choose target markets. B. You will understand how to relate to your family much better. C. You will understand how to market the organization. D. You will understand how to advance your career quickly. E. You will understand how to manage yourself in the workplace.
You will understand how to manage yourself in the workplace
The pursuit of organizational goals efficiently and effectively by integrating the work of people through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the organization's resources is called A. employment. B. management. C. career planning. D. competitive advantage. E. strategic planning.
management
A team manager is inspiring her team to think of ideas that will put them first in sales among all departments in the retail store in which her team works. This is an example of A. planning. B. organizing. C. leading. D. controlling. E. leadership.
leading
Which of the following is a stage of the project life cycle? A. definition B. elaboration C. deadlines D. selection E. controlling
definition
The statement, "I am never going to eat at this restaurant again," reflects the ___________ component of an attitude. A. behavioral B. decisional C. cognitive D. affective E. value
behavioral
Which of the following is a practice in creating a flexible workplace? A. job sharing B. telecommuting C. part-time work D. compressed workweeks E. All of the above can be used to create a flexible workplace.
All of the above can be used to create a flexible workplace.
Which of the following is something a manager should do during the interview process? A. Ignore the resume; that way, the manager is not biased for or against a candidate. B. Ask questions spontaneously to get the most straightforward answers from the candidate. C. Ask about the candidate's family to show interest. D. After the interview write a short report making a quantitative score of the candidate's qualifications. E. If the first interview is successful, there will be no need to check the candidate's references before the second interview.
After the interview write a short report making a quantitative score of the candidate's qualifications.
Which of the following is part of PM (participative management)? A. process of involving employees B. setting goals C. making decisions D. solving problems E. All of the above choices are part of PM.
All of the above
Which of the following is a distortion in perception? A. stereotyping B. halo effect C. selective perception D. causal attribution E. All of the above are distortions in perception.
All of the above are distortions in perception.
Which of the following statements about background information is true? A. The most prevalent distortion in a resume is lying about education. B. People sometimes attempt to cover gaps in employment history. C. People lie about their ages in their application information. D. Many employers don't give honest assessments of former employees. E. All of the above statements are true.
All of the above statements are true.
The group responsible for setting the organization's overall strategic goals and for approving decisions and salaries of top management is known as the A. Board of stockholders. B. Board of shareholders. C. Board of Investors. D. Board of Directors. E. Board of intrapreneurs.
Board of Directors
__________ is a technique used to help groups generate multiple ideas and alternatives for solving problems. A. PM B. TQM C. Brainstorming D. Mind mapping E. CADM
Brainstorming
Which of the following countries is a member of Mercosur? A. China B. Brazil C. Dominican Republic D. Jamaica E. Bermuda
Brazil
__________ is a state of emotional, mental, and even physical exhaustion, expressed as listlessness, indifference, or frustration. A. Eustress B. Distress C. Stress D. Burnout E. Breakdown
Burnout
__________ refers to educating __________ employees in skills needed to do their jobs in the future. A. Training; technical and operational B. Training; managerial and professional C. Development; technical and operational D. Development; managerial and professional E. Orientation; seasoned
Development; managerial and professional
__________ is the heightened emotional connection that an employee feels for his or her organization, which influences him or her to exert greater discretionary effort in his or her work. A. Job enrichment B. Job equity C. Employee engagement D. Employee satisfaction E. Job satisfaction
Employee engagement
Which of the following is a factor that can help make participative management work? A. Front-line management is continually involved. B. Employees trust managers. C. PM is not implemented with TQM. D. Employees have just been hired. E. Employees need more training.
Employees trust managers.
Which of the following is a question that should be answered by a company's vision statement? A. What is our commitment to economic objectives? B. Who are our customers? C. What are our major products or services? D. What are our basic beliefs, values, aspirations, and philosophical priorities? E. Is it ambitious?
Is it ambitious?
Which of the following is a way to become a world citizen? A. Because America is a world power, show that by being assertive and loud. B. Think globally but be local. C. Speak English at all times since it is the world's language. D. Learn rituals of respect. E. Use slang especially that derived from sports.
Learn rituals of respect
Which of the following moral principles for managers deals with promises, contracts, and commitments? A. Autonomy B. Fairness C. Humaneness D. Loyalty E. Honesty
Loyalty
Which of the following is the best way to manage virtual teams? A. When beginning with a virtual team, set the final deadline and reprimand any virtual team members who don't make the deadline. B. Because you don't have face-to-face contact, it is best to relay instructions via phone. C. Require each team member to keep their own personal record of the work that's been done as a team. D. Because someone on a global team is likely working around the clock, it's acceptable to call any team member at any time on a work issue. E. Meet in person regularly.
Meet in person regularly.
Which of the following is an implementation principle described by Pfeffer and Sutton? A. No brag, just facts B. If all else fails, slow the spread of good practices. C. Evidence-based management is only for front-line executives. D. Treat your organization as a trophy. E. Like everything else, you still need to buy it.
No brag, just facts
Which of the following statements about the mass media is true? A. Exxon had an excellent media strategy in dealing with the Valdez incident. B. The mass media has very little power. C. No manager can afford to ignore the power of the mass media. D. Only rare companies have public-relations people to communicate with the press. E. Thankfully, it is not necessary for top-level executives to deal with the media.
No manager can afford to ignore the power of the mass media.
Which of the following laws/regulations is related to labor relations? A. Privacy Act B. ERISA C. HIPPA D. COBRA E. ADEA
Privacy Act
An example of a firm that pursues a focused-differentiation strategy is A. Rolls Royce. B. Toyota. C. Volkswagen. D. Honda. E. Subaru.
Rolls Royce
Which of the following statements about productivity is most true? A. Productivity is a matter of survival. B. The more goods and services that are produced the lower our standard of living. C. Recent productivity growth is likely a result of more efficient production methods. D. Labor productivity in services decreased from 1995 to 2001. E. Productivity is sharpened by monopoly.
Productivity is a matter of survival.
Which of the following statements about sexual harassment is true? A. A hostile work environment also brings with it tangible economic injury. B. Quid pro quo suggests that the person to whom the unwanted sexual attention is directed is put in the position of jeopardizing being hired for a job unless he or she implicitly or explicitly acquiesces. C. Uninvited touching, hugging or patting someone is not considered sexual harassment. D. Sexual harassment is only considered such if done by a member of the opposite sex. E. The organization can never be sued for sexual harassment.
Quid pro quo suggests that the person to whom the unwanted sexual attention is directed is put in the position of jeopardizing being hired for a job unless he or she implicitly or explicitly acquiesces.
Another term for the return ratio is the A. ROI. B. liquidity ratio. C. cash ratio. D. asset management ratio. E. debt management ratio.
ROI
Which of the following are examples of Kelley's "star strategies"? A. Reflectiveness B. Self-control C. Focus D. Show and tell E. Cooperation
Show and tell
A diagnosis is used during __________ of the rational decision-making model in order to analyze underlying causes. A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 D. Stage 4 E. This is not used in the rational decision-making model.
Stage 1
Determining what is actually happening versus what is desirable is associated with which stage of the rational decision-making model? A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 D. Stage 4 E. This does not occur in the rational decision-making model.
Stage 1
Which stage in the rational decision-making model answers what is desirable? A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 D. Stage 4 E. This is not answered in the rational decision-making model.
Stage 1
Which of the following statements about strategic planning and strategic management is true? A. Strategic management is a process that involves managers from all parts of the organization. B. Managers at the top dictate ideas to be followed by people lower down. C. Middle managers need not understand the strategies; they simply need to follow them. D. Strategic planning is used to accomplish tactical goals. E. Strategic planning is not useful because it puts the organization into a straitjacket and does not allow for flexibility.
Strategic management is a process that involves managers from all parts of the organization.
The __________ Act allows the President of the United States to prevent or end a strike that threatens national security. A. Wagner B. Social Security C. Taft-Hartley D. Occupational Safety and Health E. Civil Rights
Taft-Hartley
Which of the following is an example of a mutual-benefit organization? A. University of California at Berkeley B. U.S. Postal Service C. United Mineworkers Union D. New York Fire Department E. Public Broadcasting System
United Mineworkers Union
__________ are the relatively permanent and deeply held underlying beliefs and attitudes that help determine a person's behavior. A. Ethics B. Ethical behaviors C. Morals D. Value systems E. Values
Values
Legislation passed in 1935, the __________ Act, resulted in the National Labor Relations Board. A. Wagner B. Social Security C. Taft-Hartley D. Occupational Safety and Health E. Civil Rights
Wagner
Which of the following is a question that should be answered by a company's mission statement? A. Does it inspire enthusiasm and encourage commitment? B. Does it set standards of excellence? C. Is it appropriate for the organization? D. Is it well articulated? E. What is our basic technology?
What is our basic technology?
The question the group is asking during the forming stage of group development is A. Why are we here? B. What's next? C. Can we do the job properly? D. Who's in charge? E. Can we agree on roles and work as a team?
Why are we here?
The desire to excel is part of the need for A. affiliation. B. power. C. achievement. D. self-actualization. E. belongingness.
achievement.
Digital Globe is a technology company that provides the most up-to-date satellite pictures of the globe, digitalized for electronic use. As the military, governments, and others demand clear pictures of certain areas of the world, Digital Globe provides them immediately. Digital Globe has a research department that creates innovative software products by being adaptable and quick to respond to changes in the market. Digital Globe is most likely an example of a __________ culture. A. clan B. adhocracy C. market D. hierarchy E. espoused
adhocracy
Aleha is very social and likes being around others. She is very supportive of her subordinates and receptive to their ideas. She is constantly out of her office interacting with other people. Everyone knows that she can always be counted on to pitch in when help is asked. Aleha is most likely __________ in her decision-making style. A. analytical B. behavioral C. conceptual D. directive E. relaxed
behavioral
The leadership approach that attempts to determine the distinctive styles used by effective leaders is the _________ approach. A. behavioral B. trait C. contingency D. servant E. charismatic
behavioral
Which of the following is a challenge a manager will deal with in the 21st century? A. cultural rationalization B. economic instability C. leadership vacuum D. competitive advantage E. religious issues
competitive advantage
ArcCo Electric is a mid-sized company that prides itself on offering the best salaries and benefits, and treating everyone who works there with equal respect. The caring attitude everyone displays is truly part of its organizational culture and because of it everyone in the organization is truly involved. ArcCo is most likely an example of a __________ culture. A. clan B. adhocracy C. market D. hierarchy E. espoused
clan
Which of the following is a form of off-the-job training? A. planned work activities B. classroom instruction C. training positions D. job rotation E. coaching
classroom instruction
A(n) ______________ has little interaction with its environment. A. closed system F. open system G. neutral system H. porous system I. subsystem
closed system
A person with high tolerance for ambiguity has A. a high need for structure or control. B. comfort with chaotic situations. C. a strong people orientation. D. an analytical mind. E. defensive avoidance.
comfort with chaotic situations.
Which of the following is one of the traits of a credible leader identified by Kouzes and Posner? A. competent B. relationship-oriented C. competitive D. extroverted E. driven
competent
The process of interpreting and trying to make sense of what someone has said is called A. mediating. B. encoding. C. decoding. D. feeding back. E. enriching.
decoding.
XYZ Company scans its environment regularly. However, it does not tend to seek opportunities outside its present markets. This company would most likely be a (n) A. reactor. B. prospector. C. analyzer. D. defender. E. executor.
defender
ABC Company phased out its line of typewriters last year. ABC is engaged in a _________ strategy. A. growth B. stability C. defensive D. reorganization E. reactor
defensive
The _________ an organization, the more ___________ it is. A. smaller; mechanistic B. smaller; formal C. smaller; decentralized D. larger; mechanistic E. larger; informal
larger; mechanistic
According to McClelland's theory, a well-balanced person should have A. needs for achievement, power, and affiliation that are about the same. B. higher need for power than for achievement and affiliation. C. higher need for affiliation than for power and achievement. D. higher need for achievement than for power and affiliation. E. higher needs for achievement and power than for affiliation.
needs for achievement, power, and affiliation that are about the same.
At Friendly Insurance, claims adjusters are required to take their coffee breaks at specific times. If an adjuster is on the phone with a claimant at the time the break is scheduled, the employee risks losing part of his break time. This is an example of A. overemphasis on one instead of multiple approaches B. overemphasis on paperwork C. overemphasis on means instead of ends D. too much control E. too much flexibility
too much control
Which of the following is the best stated standard? A. high employee morale B. turnover less than 5% per quarter C. fewer sick days D. more workers volunteering for overtime E. more job applicants
turnover less than 5% per quarter
Drug companies are often criticized for selling their drugs at exorbitant prices. When asked, they will often say that the pricing is fair given the amount of research and development that has gone into the drug. Without this high price, they argue that other new drugs that will help millions of people around the world could not be developed. Yet, those who cannot afford the high price and may die without the drug feel unjustly discriminated against. The drug companies are practicing which approach to this ethical dilemma? A. utilitarian B. justice C. fairness D. moral idealism E. moral rights
utilitarian
Martina has prepared a report that details how her organization's customer service function fails to handle customer complaints effectively. Her report would be an input into the __________ part of a SWOT analysis. A. strengths B. weaknesses C. opportunities D. threats E. structure
weaknesses
Which of the following is a practical guideline in determining whether to use group decision-making? A. when it can include satisficing B. when it can increase quantity C. when it can increase groupthink D. when it can increase development E. when a decision occurs infrequently
when it can increase development
Which of the following is an example of an interpersonal role? A. Negotiator B. Spokesperson C. Entrepreneur D. Figurehead E. Monitor
Figurehead
Managers who are responsible for the people who directly make a product rather than managing others are called A. top managers. B. middle managers. C. first-line managers. D. general managers. E. functional managers.
first-line managers
Motivating and directing people to work hard to achieve the organization's goals is called A. planning. B. organizing. C. leading. D. controlling. E. managing.
leading
Managers who make strategic and long-term decisions about the overall direction of the organization are most likely to be A. first-line managers. B. middle managers. C. top managers. D. functional managers. E. general managers.
top managers
A __________ outlines the general responses to a designated problem or situation. A. policy B. rule C. procedure D. project E. program
policy
Which of the following is a type of compensation? A. wages B. incentives C. benefits D. salaries E. All of the above are types of compensation.
All of the above are types of compensation.
_____________ is defined as monitoring performance, comparing it with goals, and taking corrective action as needed. A. Organizing B. Producing C. Controlling D. Leading E. Planning
controlling
Which of these is a situation in which you have to decide whether to pursue a course of action that may benefit you or your organization but that is unethical or even illegal? A. ethics B. ethical behavior C. moral decision D. ethical dilemma E. idealistic situation
ethical dilemma
Standards of right and wrong that influence behavior are known as A. ethics. B. ethical behavior. C. morals. D. a value system. E. values.
ethics
Wayne, the American head of a mid-sized multinational corporation has sent his best U.S. managers to an African subsidiary because he wants to be sure that the "job gets done right" to use his words. Wayne is most likely a(n) __________ manager. A. global B. ethnocentric C. polycentric D. monocentric E. geocentric
ethnocentric
The withholding or withdrawal of positive rewards for a particular behavior, so that the behavior is less likely to occur in the future, is called A. positive reinforcement. B. negative reinforcement. C. extinction. D. intrinsic motivation. E. punishment.
extinction.
Radically innovative change involves ________ change in complexity, cost, and uncertainty. A. no B. somewhat low C. minimum D. moderate E. extreme
extreme
The removal of unpleasant consequences following a desired behavior is called A. positive reinforcement. B. negative reinforcement. C. extinction. D. intrinsic motivation. E. punishment.
negative reinforcement.
A __________ outlines the responses to particular problems or circumstances. A. policy F. rule G. procedure H. project I. program
procedure
Which of the following is a step in the perceptual process? A. selective attribution B. selective recall C. selecting a memory D. retrieving from memory to make judgments and decisions E. selective perception
retrieving from memory to make judgments and decisions
__________ organizations are voluntary collections of members whose purpose is to advance members' interests. A. for-profit B. nonprofit C. administrative D. mutual-benefit E. aid-based
mutual-benefit
Raj is assigned to hold a press conference that discusses the company's plans to build a new plant. Raj is performing the _________ role. A. disseminator B. monitor C. liaison D. spokesperson E. figurehead
spokesperson
To be ______________ means to make the right decisions and successfully carry them out to achieve goals. A. efficient B. effective C. multiplied D. ethical E. innovative
effective
A ______ manager is responsible for just one organizational activity. A. first-line B. functional C. top-level D. CEO as a E. general
functional
