MIE Exam 3
interruption
a serious barrier to effective communication
product development teams
a specific type of project team formed to devise, design, and implement a new product
job enlargement
adds more tasks to a job instead of treating each task as separate
pay for performance
an incentive program that rewards employees for meeting specific, individual goals
reinforcement theory is
associated with behavior modification theory
boycott
attempt to keep ppl from buying products of a company
extrinsic reward
benefits and/or recognition received from someone else
Three tasks associated with human resources
compensating workers training workers hiring workers
Every organization regardless of size, type, profit, or product has
corporate culture
crisis management
deals with potential disasters such as product tampering, oil spills, fire, - many businesses dont have updated plans -
If Pete was tasked with developing an organizational structure for his company, he would
define the various positions in the company and their relationship to one another
leadership
defined as the ability to influence employees to work towards organizational goals
goal setting theory
describes the impact that setting goals has on performance goals are motivators goals can help employees direct efforts towards outcomes
managers
do things right
temas internal rewards
enhanced sense of accomplishment as the team reaches its goals.
narrow span of management
exists when a manager directly supervises only a few subordinates
Interpersonal Managerial Roles
figure- attending awards banquet ,leader- conducting performance appraisal for subordinates liaison- coordinating production schedule with supply manager
Which type of manager is responsible for obtaining the money needed for the successful operation of the organization?
financial manager
Wages are defined as
financial rewards based on the number of hours the employee works or the level of output achieved
Departments are commonly organized by
function, product, customer, geographic location
delegation of authority
giving employees not only tasks, but also the power to make commitments, use resources, and take whatever actions are necessary to carry out those tasks
Teams - advantages
higher quality decisions increased diversity of views increased commitment to solutions and changes lower levels of stress and destructive internal competition improved flexibility and responsiveness
soft benefits
include perks that help balance life and work such as child care and spas
Managerial roles
interpersonal, informational, decisional
Participate decision making
involves both manager and employee, supports employee empowerment within an organization
Picketing
is a public protest against management practices and involves union members marching at the employer's site.
hygeine factors
job security, company policies supervision working conditions relationships w peers, subordinates, and supervisors salary
labor tactics
picketing, strikes, boycott
Hawthorne Studies
productivity increased regardless of physical conditions - begining of concern for HR
The best way a company can encourage participative decision making is by ______.
providing employee and managerial training
Planning
requires statement of MISSION objectives are measurable statements
teams external rewards
rewards in the form of praise and certain perks.
A company that needs to fill several positions is in the process of collecting information about applicants and using that information to make hiring decisions. What process is the company in?
selection
theory z managers
stresses employee participation in all company decisions managers and workers share responsibility longterm employment -japan particpative responsivility
Leaders do
the right thing
equity theory
theory states that employees look for fairness in the workplace as compared to others before deciding to perform.
committee
usually a permanent, formal group that does some specific task
Expectancy Theory
victor vroom motivation depends on not only how much someone wants something but how likely they are to get it
Effective organizational structure
- divide responsibilities -distribute authority -coordinate and control work -promote accountability
how managers empower employees
- potency -meaningfulness -autonomy -impact
Steps in decison making process
- recognize and define - develop options - analyze options - select best option - implement decision - monitor consequences
essential management skills
-technical, conceptual, analytical, human relations (interpersonal)
labor unions
An organization formed by workers to strive for better wages and working conditions union workers make about 200 more per week than nonunion memebers
job analysis
Determines, through observation and study, pertinent information about a job including specific tasks and necessary abilities, knowledge and skills
recruitment
Developing a pool of qualified applicants from which management can select employees
job sharing
To share the responsibilities and duties of a single full time job with one or more other employees.
Kotter's 8 step change model
-create a sense of urgency - build a guiding coalition -form a strategic vision & inititatives -enlist a volunteer army -enable action by removing barriers -generate short term wins -sustain acceleration -institute change
line structure
-the simplest organizational structure, -structure has a clear chain of command, which enables managers to make decisions quickly. A mid-level manager facing a decision must consult only one person, his or her immediate supervisor. - managers must know a lot at this structure - most common in small business
5 rules of successful diversity recruiting
1. Involve employees 2. Communicate diversity 3. Support diversity initiatives and activities 4. Delegate resources 5. Promote your diversity initiatives
2 positives of product departmentalization
1. helps coordinate all the activities related to a product or product group 2. simplifies decision making
Decision Making Process
1. recognizing and define decision situation 2. develop options to resolve problem 3. analyzing options 4. selecting the best option 5. implementing the decision 6. monitoring the consequences of the decision
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, minorities will be the majority in the United States by:
2044.
compressed work week
A four-day (or shorter) period in which an employee works 40 hours.
Management by Objectives (MBO)
A process in which objectives set by a subordinate and a supervisor must be reached within a given time period.
Groupthink
A situation in which group members seek unanimous agreement despite their individual doubts
line and staff structure
A structure having a traditional line relationship between superiors and subordinates and also specialized managers - called staff managers - who are available to assist line managers
flex time
A system of working that allows an employee to choose, within limits, the hours for starting and leaving work each day.
centralized organization
An organization structure in which decision-making authority is maintained at the top level of management
organizational culture
An organization's values, beliefs, traditions, rules, and role models for behavior that are shared by all are an organization's
Requirements for Successful Leadership
Communicate objectives and expectations. Gain the respect and trust of stakeholders. Develop shared values. Acquire and share knowledge. Empower employees to make decisions. Be a role model for appropriate behavior. Provide rewards and take corrective action to achieve goals.
employees are motivated by
Employees are motivated by the nature of the relationships they have with their supervisors, by the nature of their jobs, and by the characteristics of the organization.
What federal agency was created as part of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
2 benefits of teams to a company
Have the ability to create more solutions Can pool members' knowledge
intrinsic reward
Having a sense of personal satisfaction after completing a big project at work
three benefits teams can provide to a company
Help cut costs Boost productivity Foster innovation
What are three benefits of fostering and valuing workforce diversity? Multiple select question.
Increased innovation and creativity Reduced conflict among employees from different backgrounds Ability to better serve a diverse customer base more productive use of human resources more productive working relationships
analytical skills
Knowing how to sort large amounts of information in order to find relevant facts to resolve a problem or issue
free rein leaders/ laissez- faire
Let employees work without much interference; set performance standards and let employees find own way to meet them
What are three examples of benefits that provide additional compensation to employees beyond wages?
Life insurance Sick days Paid vacation
organizational structures
Line structure Line-and-staff structure Multidivisional structure Matrix structure
In his classical theory of motivation, Frederick Taylor proposed two things that he thought would improve worker productivity. What were they?
Linking pay to output Job specialization
expectancy theory / victor vroom
Motivation depends on how much we want something and how likely we think we are to get it
knowledge based pay
Pay tied to an employee's acquisition of knowledge or skills; also called competency-based pay or skill-based pay
Managers engage in
Planning Organizing Directing Controlling They are interrelated and can be performed more than one at a time
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act prohibits job discrimination based on what four conditions?
Religion Race or color Sex National origin
U.S. Department of Labor
The agency that deals with complaints filed by employees who feel that their rights protected by fair labor laws have been violated
the organizational structure
The arrangement or relationship of positions within an organization
Management
The process of accomplishing the goals of an organization through the effective use of people and other resources.
controlling
The process of evaluating and correcting activities to keep the organization on course is known as
organizational chart
The visual representation of an organization's structure
reason for the decline in union growth
There has been a shift to a service economy. There are fewer manufacturing jobs. The need for union protection is decreasing. Most blue-collar workers are already union members.
four activities that are most often part of an orientation to a company
Tour of the building Distribution of manuals Introduction to fellow workers Socializing
arbitration
a 3rd party is brought in to settle the dispute arbitartors solution is legally binding and enforceable
EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission)
a federal agency that administers and enforces civil rights laws against workplace discrimination - eliminating discrimination based on race, religion, color, sex, national orgin
gig economy
a labor market characterized by the prevalence of short-term contracts or freelance work as opposed to permanent jobs.
Picketing
a public protest against management practices that involves union members marching and carrying anti-management signs at the employer's plant or work site
multidivisional structure
a structure that organizes departments into larger groups called divisions -can be formed based on product, customer, geography, - more innovative -con= makes duplication
coworking
a style of work that involves a shared working environment (such as an office) and independent activity among individuals who are usually not employed by the same organization
Task force
a temporary group of employees responsible for bringing about a particular change
task force
a temporary group of employees responsible for bringing about a particular change
motivational factors
achievement, recognition, work itself, responsibility, advancement, growth
matrix structure
also called a project management structure, sets up teams from different departments, thereby creating two or more intersecting lines of authority. - beneifits; flexibility, enhanced cooperation, creativity - cons; expensive and complex whose authority has power?
if you find yourself in a managers role..
always provide feedback and be proactive
the right people doing the right thing at the right time are
an organizations most important asset
Xander
analyzes employees responses to surveys to find emotion behind responses - can predict workplace behavior -
selection process
application, interview testing, refernece checking
self directed work teams
are a group of employees responsible for an entire work process or segment that delivers a product to an internal or external customer
strikes
are employee walkouts and are one of the most effective weapons
theory x managers
assume that employees are basically lazy and extrinsically motivated. - dont like work have to be forced. -china -managerial responsibility
conciliation
bring in neutral 3rd party to keep labor and management talking
mediation
bringing in a neutral third party to help others resolve their conflicts peacefully
Conciliation
brings in a neutral third party for no other reason than to keep labor and management talking.
strikebreakers
called "scabs" by striking union members, are people hired by management to replace striking employees
characteristics of effective teams
clear sense of purpose open and honest communication creative thinking manage conflict constructively accountability focus decision by consensus
labor unions and management reach agreements through the process of
collective bargaining
Performance appraisals are used for
compensation provide employee feedback rewards
pay and benefits make up a worker's
compensation plan
Outside Resolution
conciliation, mediation, arbitration
Human Resource Management
consists of the activities managers perform to plan for, attract, develop, and retain an effective workforce
job specification
describes the minimum qualifications a person must have to perform the job successfully
Actions you should and shouldn't take when you are terminated:
do not criticize your boss who terminated you do not take files or property that is not yours do try to get a reference letter do not criticize former employer in job interview do look to the future and be pos about new job opportunities.
Organizing/departmentalization by products...
duplicates functions and resources and emphasizes the product rather than the achievement of the organizations overall goals
top 10 resume lies
education, emploment dates, technical skills, previous work history, language fluency, gpa, job descriptions, gradutaion year, promotions, salary
secondary characteristics of diversity
education, work background, income, marital status, parental status, military experience, religious beliefs, geographic location
work specialization advantages
efficiency, productivity, ease of training, activities too numerous for one person
Work Specialization con
employees become bored job disatisfaction turnover - poor quality of work increased injuries
Managers make decisions about
employees financials and supplies
improving effective communication
encourage employees to provide feedback avoid interruptions develop strong and effective communication channels through training
For a team to maximize its contribution to the firm it must ______.
engage in a a harmonious, synchronized work effort that remains flexible to changing conditions
primary characteristics of diversity
ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, gender, age, abilities
controlling
evaluating and correcting activities to keep the organization on course.
Union growth has slowed in recent years because
factories have become more automated.
Tuckmans stages of team development
forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning
organizing
function of management when they review plans and determine what activities are necessary to implement them; then, divide the work into small units and assign it to specific individuals, groups, or departments. - helps create synergy -improves communication -helps avoid duplication of resources - speeds up decision making
project teams
groups similar to task forces that normally run their operation and have total control of a specific work project
a person using conceptual skills..
has the ability to think in abstract terms and see how parts fit together to form the whole.
Kouzes and Posner leadership
honest competent inspirining forward looking
Theory Y
humanistic view of management where it assumed that workers like to work - employees seek out responsibility in order to help their self esteem - more democratic in decision making - united states -collaborative responsibilities
profit sharing
incentive pay in which payments are a percentage of the organization's profits and do not become part of the employees' base salary
fringe benefits
include sick-leave pay, vacation pay, pension plans, and health plans that provide additional compensation to employees beyond base wages
Teams - disadvantages
inefficiency groupthink diminished individual motivation structural disruption excessive workloads
job description
is a formal written explanation of a specific job
management
is a process designed to achieve an organizations objectives by using its resources efficiently and effectively
leadership in teams
is becoming the norm
staffing
is the hiring of ppl to carry out the work of the organization
democratic leaders
leaders who encourage group discussion and decision making through consensus building
Autocratic leaders
leaders who hoard decision-making power for themselves and typically issue orders without consulting their followers
Managers who have the ability to influence employees to work toward organizational goals have the skill of
leadership
Management Tactics
lockout, strikebreakers
autocratic leaders
make all the decisions and tell employees what must be done and how to do it
lockout
management's version of a strike, wherein a work site is closed so that employees cannot go to work
Free-Reign Leadership Style
managers adopt a "hands-off" approach and provide relatively little direction to subordinates. They may advise employees but usually give them considerable freedom to solve problems and make decisions on their own.
grapevine
most informal channel of communication - managers use it as a sounding device for possible new policies and info that can improve decision making - can use it to float ideas and solicit feedback to act accordingly
Directing
motivating and leading employees to achieve organizational objectives
directing
motivating and leading employees to achieve organizational objectives.
One tool managers can use to foster employee loyalty and boost productivity is
motivation
the classical theory
motivation theory suggests that money is the sole motivator for workers
soft skills
nontechnical skills needed by most workers for success on the job - communicate
Assessing an employee's performance is
one of the most difficult tasks for managers.
In some companies, human resources management is referred to as
personnel management
strategic plans
plans that establish the long-range objectives and overall strategy or course of action by which a firm fulfills its mission
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
prohibits discrimination in employment and created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory
proposed that work satisfaction and dissatisfaction arise from two different factors hygeine factors and motivational factors
cafeteria benefit plans
provide a financial amount to employees so that they can select the specific benefits that fit their needs
employee life cycle
recruitment, onboarding, development, retention, separation, engagement
analytical skills
refer to the ability to identify relevant issues and recognize their importance, understand the relationships between them, and perceive the underlying cause of the situation.
morale booster
respect, involvement, appreciation, adequate compensation, promotions, positive work environment
tactical plans
short-range plans designed to implement the activities and objectives specified in the strategic plan - 1 year of less time range -deals w changing environment
quality assurance teams or quality circles
small groups of workers brought together from throughout the organization to solve specific quality, productivity, or service problems
4 components of the selection process of HRM
testing, the application, interviewing , reference checking
the difference between unsatisfied needs and satisfied needs is
that unsatisfied needs continue to motivate.
Departmentalization
the dividing of organizational functions into separate units
specialization
the division of labor into small, specific tasks and the assignment of employees to do a single task
job enrichment
the incorporation of motivational factors, such as opportunity for achievement, recognition, responsibility, and advancement, into a job
organizational layers
the levels of management in an organization
span of management
the number of subordinates who report to a particular manager
planning
the process of determining the organization's objectives and deciding how to accomplish them; the first function of management
physiological needs
those relating to the basic biological necessities of life: food, drink, rest, and shelter
the objective of negotiations with unions is
to reach a agrement about a labor contract
Lost productivity in the vacated job and an increase in the costs and time to find a new employee are side effects of
turnover
When employees quit or are fired from an organization and must be replaced by new employees it is referred to as
turnover
group
two or more individuals who communicate with one another, share a common identity, and have a common goal. Multiple choice question.
The Hawthorne studies were originally designed to study the relationship between
workplace conditions and productivity