Module 3 quiz 3

The MOST significant complication associated with facial injuries is:

Airway compromise

A young female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She complains of pain to her left eye, which appears to have a piece of glass impaled in it. Further assessment reveals a large laceration to her left forearm with active venous bleeding. As your partner manually stabilizes the patient's head, you should:

Apply direct pressure to her arm wound

Which of the following structures is regulated by smooth muscle?

Blood vessels

Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of a head injury?

Briskly constricting pupils when exposed to light

Femoral shaft fractures can result in up to _____ mL of internal blood loss.

1,000

What is the approximate blood volume of an 80-kg adult male?

5.60 L

The cervical spine is composed of _________ vertebrae

7

In contrast to Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever:

Can cause paralysis and cardio respiratory collapse

When a warm hand is immersed in water that is 70°F (21°C), heat is transferred from the hand to the water through a process called:

Conduction

A 33-year-old male sustained an abdominal evisceration to the left lower quadrant of his abdomen after he was cut with a large knife. After appropriately managing his ABCs and assessing him for other life-threatening injuries, how you should care for his wound?

Cover it with moist, sterile gauze and secure with an occlusive dressing.

Which of the following would MOST likely occur as the direct result of the second collision in a motor vehicle crash?

Deformed steering wheel

Which of the following areas of the body has the thinnest skin?

Ears

Following a stab wound to the left anterior chest, a 25-year-old male presents with a decreased level of consciousness and signs of shock. Which of the following additional assessment findings should increase your index of suspicion for a cardiac tamponade?

Engorged jugular veins

A(n) __________ fracture occurs in the growth section of a child's bone and may lead to bone growth abnormalities.

Epiphyseal

The eyeball itself is referred to as the

Globe

Common signs and symptoms of a chest injury include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Hematemesis

A sign of kidney damage following blunt trauma is

Hematuria

A 70-year-old man presents with a severe nosebleed. His medical history includes COPD, depression, and a hemorrhagic stroke 3 years ago. His BP is 190/110 mm Hg, his pulse is 100 beats/min, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min. His medications include albuterol, sertraline (Zoloft), and multivitamins. Which of the following is MOST likely causing his nosebleed today?

High blood pressure

Which of the following statements regarding the first collision that occurs during a motor vehicle crash is correct?

It is the most dramatic part of the collision and may make extrication difficult.

When opening the airway of a patient with a suspected spinal injury, you should use the:

Jaw-thrust maneuver

Following direct trauma to the upper part of the anterior neck, a young male presents with labored breathing, loss of voice, and subcutaneous emphysema in the soft tissues around his neck. You should suspect a(n):

Laryngeal fracture

Which of the following statements regarding drowning is correct?

Laryngospasm following submersion in water makes rescue breathing difficult.

All of the following body structures are lined with mucous membranes, EXCEPT for the:

Lips

Which of the following is an early sign of pit viper envenomation?

Local swelling and ecchymosis

If a person's tidal volume decreases, but his or her respiratory rate remains unchanged:

Minute volume will decrease

You and your partner are standing by at a large social event at a river resort when a frantic woman tells you that she found a young male floating face-down in the water. Nobody claims to have witnessed the event. After you and your partner enter the water and reach the patient, you should:

Move him as a unit to a supine position

While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you that a 6-year-old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states that the child was only wearing a lap belt and that the air bag deployed. On the basis of this information, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced:

Neck and facial injuries

In which of the following situations would the EMT be the LEAST likely to immobilize a patient's spine?

No distracting injuries or evidence of intoxication

Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would pose the greatest threat to a patient's life?

Pelvic fracture with hypotension

After applying a pressure dressing to a laceration on a patient's arm, you notice that blood is slowly beginning to saturate it. You should:

Place additional dressings over the wound

A patient with a chest injury has a blood pressure of 100/60 mm Hg and a pulse rate of 120 beats/min. Which of the following additional findings should make you suspect a pericardial tamponade?

Repeat BP of 90/68 mm Hg

Hypoperfusion is another name for

Shock

What part of the nervous system controls the body's voluntary activities?

Somatic

Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be MOST suspicious of injury to the:

Spleen

A ____________ is a musculoskeletal injury in which there is partial or temporary separation of the bone ends as well as partial stretching or tearing of the supporting ligaments.

Sprain

You and your partner are preparing to apply a traction splint to a patient's deformed thigh. As you apply manual traction, the patient resists your efforts and states that the pain is getting worse. You should:

Stop and splint the leg in the deformed position

Deformity caused by a fracture would MOST likely be masked by:

Swelling

Which of the following would be the LEAST likely to occur in a patient with a core body temperature of between 89°F (32°C) and 92°F (33°C)?

Tachycardia

Which of the following MOST accurately describes hyperthermia?

The body is exposed to more heat than it can lose.

Which of the following processes occurs during the inflammation phase of the healing process?

The immune system releases histamines, which cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, resulting in local redness and swelling.

Which of the following findings would be the MOST significant when assessing a patient with possible internal bleeding?

The patient takes rivaroxaban (Xeralto).

The Adam's apple is

The upper part of the larynx that is formed by the thyroid cartilage

Which of the following organs is at MOST risk for injury as the result of a pelvic fracture?

Urinary bladder

When caring for a patient with an open facial injury, the EMT's immediate priority should be to:

Wear gloves and facial protection

During your assessment of a patient who experienced a blast injury, you note that he has a depressed area to the front of his skull. This injury MOST likely occurred:

When the patient was hurled against a stationary object

Compression injuries to the abdomen that occur during a motor vehicle crash are typically the result of:

a poorly placed lap belt.

While jogging, a 19-year-old male experienced an acute onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Your assessment reveals that he has diminished breath sounds over the left side of the chest. You should:

administer oxygen and transport to the hospital.

A 48-year-old male has a suspected open-book pelvic fracture. He is conscious, but restless, and his skin is pale and diaphoretic. His respirations are 22 breaths/min and his pulse rate is 120 beats/min. There is no external bleeding noted. The EMT should:

apply a compression device around his pelvis.

You are dispatched to a convenience store, where the clerk sustained a laceration to the side of his neck during a robbery attempt. During your assessment, you note bright red blood spurting from the laceration. You should:

apply direct pressure above and below the wound.

Following direct trauma to the left upper back, a 44-year-old male presents with diaphoresis and restlessness. His blood pressure is 100/50 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 120 beats/min and weak, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min and labored. Your assessment reveals abrasions and contusions over the left scapula. You should:

apply high-flow oxygen, consider spinal precautions, and transport without delay.

When evaluating the mechanism of injury of a car versus pedestrian collision, you should first:

approximate the speed of the vehicle that struck the pedestrian.

With regard to musculoskeletal injuries, the zone of injury is defined as the:

area of soft-tissue damage surrounding the injury.

A 30-year-old male was rescued after being lost in the woods for approximately 18 hours. The outside temperature is 30°F (−1°C). He is immediately placed in the warmed ambulance, where you perform a primary assessment. He is unresponsive, pale, and apneic. You should:

assess for a carotid pulse for up to 60 seconds.

You have applied a zippered air splint to a patient's left arm. During transport, the patient complains of increased numbness and tingling in his left hand. You reassess distal circulation and note that it remains present. Your MOST appropriate action should be to:

assess the amount of air in the splint and let air out as necessary.

A young female experienced a laceration to her left eyeball from flying glass when her boyfriend broke a soda bottle against a wall. There is moderate bleeding and the patient states that she cannot see out of the injured eye. You should:

avoid applying pressure to the globe when you are covering the eye.

When treating a partial-thickness burn, you should:

avoid the use of creams, lotions, or antiseptics.

A football player was struck by another player in the right flank area just below the posterior rib cage. He complains of severe pain and point tenderness to the area. Your assessment reveals that there is a small amount of blood in his underwear. You should be MOST suspicious for:

blunt injury to the kidney.

When caring for a patient with a possible fracture of the scapula, the EMT should:

carefully assess the patient for breathing problems.

In contrast to animal bites, the bite of a human

carries with it a wide variety of virulent bacteria and viruses.

Common signs and symptoms of an airway burn include all of the following, EXCEPT:

chest pressure

A 39-year-old female experienced a severe closed head injury. She is unresponsive with her eyes slightly open; her pupils are bilaterally dilated and slow to react. In addition to managing problems with airway, breathing, and circulation, you should:

close her eyes and cover them with a moist dressing.

Your presence is requested by law enforcement to assess a 33-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious and obviously upset. As you are talking to her, you note an impressive amount of blood on her clothes in the groin area. Her blood pressure is 98/58 mm Hg, her pulse is 130 beats/min, and her respirations are 24 breaths/min. You should:

control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once.

A 39-year-old male accidentally cut his wrist while sharpening his hunting knife. He is conscious and alert with adequate breathing, but is bleeding significantly from the wound. You should:

control the bleeding with direct pressure.

All of the following snakes are pit vipers, EXCEPT for the:

coral snake

The tough, fibrous outer meningeal layer is called the

dura mater

What layer of the skin forms a watertight, protective seal for the body?

epidermis

The MOST important immediate treatment for patients with a head injury, regardless of severity, is to:

establish an adequate airway.

In which of the following situations would external bleeding be the MOST difficult to control?

femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg

The cervical spine is MOST protected from whiplash-type injuries when the:

headrest is appropriately positioned.

Peritonitis usually occurs when

hollow abdominal organs are damaged and spill their contents into the peritoneal cavity.

Common signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include all of the following, EXCEPT:

hot, dry skin

In addition to external bleeding, the MOST significant risk that an open soft-tissue injury exposes a patient to is:

infection

During your primary assessment of a semiconscious 30-year-old female with closed head trauma, you note that she has slow, irregular breathing and a slow, bounding pulse. As your partner maintains manual in-line stabilization of her head, you should:

instruct him to assist her ventilations while you perform a rapid assessment.

A simple pneumothorax:

is commonly caused by blunt chest trauma.

A driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will MOST likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she:

is ejected or partially ejected.

A tight-fitting motorcycle helmet should be left in place unless:

it interferes with your assessment of the airway.

A 17-year-old female dislocated her patella while playing soccer. Her knee is flexed and she complains of severe pain. You should:

keep her knee flexed and secure it with padded board splints.

When splinting a possible fracture of the foot, it is MOST important for the EMT to:

leave the toes exposed.

While assessing a 21-year-old female who struck a tree head-on with her small passenger car, you note that her air bag deployed. You should:

lift the air bag and look for deformity to the steering wheel.

You receive a call to a residence for a sick patient. Upon your arrival, you find the patient, a 53-year-old diabetic male, lying down on his front porch. His wife tells you that he had been mowing the lawn in the heat for the past 3 hours. The patient is confused and has hot, moist skin. His pulse is weak and thready, and his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. You should:

load him into the ambulance and begin rapid cooling interventions.

When a person is lying supine at the end of exhalation, the diaphragm:

may rise as high as the nipple line.

A frostbitten foot can be identified by the presence of:

mottling and blisters.

Atrophy is a condition that occurs when:

muscle decreases in size and function because of disease or trauma

The venom of a black widow spider is toxic to the:

nervous system

When a person is exposed to a cold environment:

peripheral vessels constrict and divert blood away from the skin.

When immobilizing a child on a long backboard, you should:

place padding under the child's shoulders as needed.

Following blunt trauma to the chest, an 18-year-old female presents with respiratory distress, shallow breathing, and cyanosis. Her blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and her pulse is 130 beats/min and thready. You should:

provide ventilation assistance with a BVM.

A man called EMS 12 hours after injuring his chest. Your assessment reveals a flail segment to the right side of the chest. The patient is experiencing respiratory distress and his oxygen saturation is 78%. His breath sounds are equal bilaterally and his jugular veins are normal. You should suspect:

pulmonary contusion

When activated, the sympathetic nervous system produces all of the following effects, EXCEPT:

pupillary constriction

When caring for an occupant inside a motor vehicle equipped with an air bag that did not deploy upon impact, you should:

remember that it could still deploy and seriously injure you.

A patient who presents with profound cyanosis following a chest injury:

requires prompt ventilation and oxygenation.

The presence of tachycardia following a significant abdominal injury:

should be assumed to be a sign of shock.

A burn that is characterized by redness and pain is classified as a:

superficial burn

If one or more occupants in the same vehicle are killed in a crash, the EMT should:

suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma.

Internal injuries caused by gunshot wounds are difficult to predict because:

the bullet may tumble or ricochet within the body.

Factors that should be considered when assessing a patient who has fallen include all of the following, EXCEPT:

the speed of the fall.

According to the Association of Air Medical Services, you should consider air medical transport of a trauma patient if:

traffic conditions hamper the ability to get the patient to a trauma center by ground within the ideal time frame for the best clinical outcome.

The driver of a sport utility vehicle lost control and struck a utility pole head-on. The driver was killed instantly. The passenger, a young female, is conscious and alert and has several small abrasions and lacerations to her left forearm. Treatment for the passenger should include:

transport to a trauma center.

You are transporting an immobilized patient with severe facial trauma. As you are preparing to give your radio report to the hospital, the patient begins vomiting large amounts of blood. You should:

turn the backboard onto its side.

A teenage boy who was involved in a bicycle accident has a puncture wound where the bicycle kickstand impaled his leg. The MOST appropriate method for treating this injury is to:

unbolt the kickstand from the bike frame and stabilize it with bulky dressings.