nasm chapter 5

Anatomic Position

Anatomic Position - Position with the body erect, arms at side, palms forward. Anatomic position is important in anatomy because it is the position reference for anatomic nomenclature. Anterior, posterior, medial, lateral apply to the body when it is in the anatomic position.

Anterior (or Ventral)

Anterior (or Ventral) - On the front of the body On or forward, front of the body, quads are anterior on the thigh.

Biomechanics

Biomechanics - Science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces.

Contralateral

Contralateral - Positioned on the opposite side of the body. Right foot is contralateral to the left hand.

Distal

Distal - Positioned farthest from the center of the body, or point of reference Ankle more distal to the hip than knee.

Extension

Extension - A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases.

Flexion

Flexion - Bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases.

Frontal Plane

Frontal Plane NOT front to back movements Side to side movements Exercises involving abduction and/or adduction of the limbs Example: side lunge, lateral dumbbell raise, ice skater Imagine a wall in front and in back of you. The ONLY movement this would allow is along that plane-sideways movements.

Hyperextension -

Hyperextension - Extension of joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion.

vInferior

Inferior - Positioned below a point of reference

Ipsilateral

Ipsilateral - Positioned on the same side of the body. Right food is ipsilateral to right foot.

Lateral

Lateral - Positioned on the outside of the body. Ears are on the lateral side of the head.

Medial

Medial - Positioned near the middle of the body. Close to midline of the body. Adductors are medial side of thigh, side closest to midline of the body. Sternum more medial than shoulder.

Posterior (or Dorsal)

Posterior (or Dorsal) - Ont he back of the body. Hamstring complex is posterior.

Proximal

Proximal - Positioned nearest the center of the body, or point of reference. - Knee more proximal to the hip th an ankle.

Sagittal Plane

Sagittal Plane Forward and backwards movements Movements involving pushing and/or pulling Movements involving flexion and/or extension at joints Example: bicep curl, front lunge, bench press, and rows Imagine a wall on your right and left side. The ONLY movement this would allow is along that plane-or front and back movements.

Sagittal Plane

Sagittal Plane - Bisects the body into left and right halves. Movements in sagittal plane include flexion and extension.

Scapular Retraction

Scapular Retraction - Adduction of scapula; shoulder blades move toward midline

Superior

Superior - Positioned above a point of reference

he Frontal Plane

he Frontal Plane Frontal Plane - Bisects the body into front and back halves. Abduction - Movement in frontal plane away from the midline of the body. Similar to extension, increase in the angle between two adjoining segments in the frontal plane. Side lat raises. Adduction - Movement in frontal plane back toward midline of the body.