(Non)Infectious Diseases
Top 4 NCDs
Cardiovascular disease Cancer Chronic Respiratory Disease Diabetes
plague
3 forms: bubonic, septicaemic, pneumonic -Insect bite -bacteria found in small animals (for example, rats or guinea pigs) and their fleas -spread by bite of infected fleas, direct contact with infected animals, or breathing in the bacteria from infected animals. -Direct person to person spread can occur through: ----breathing in small droplets in the air containing the plague bacteria which are coughed or ---breathed out by someone with pneumonic (lung) plague or pharyngeal (throat) plague ----Direct contact with pus from buboes, although this is rare.
noninfectious disease
A noncommunicable disease that cannot be spread from person to person. This is also known as a chronic disease. A combination of genetic, physiological, lifestyle, and environmental factors can cause these diseases. Kill around 40 million people each year. This is about 70 percent of all deaths worldwide. Affect people belonging to all age groups, religions, and countries. The main types of NCDs are cardiovascular diseases (like heart attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma) and diabetes.
noninfectious risk factors
A person's background; lifestyle, and, environment are known to increase the likelihood of certain non-communicable diseases. Include age, gender, genetics, exposure to air pollution, and behaviors such as smoking, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity which can lead to hypertension and obesity. Often considered preventable.
infectious diseases causes
Bacteria. These one-cell organisms are responsible for illnesses such as strep throat, urinary tract infections and tuberculosis. Viruses. Even smaller than bacteria, viruses cause a multitude of diseases — ranging from the common cold to AIDS. Fungi. Many skin diseases, such as ringworm and athlete's foot, are caused by fungi. Other types of fungi can infect your lungs or nervous system. Parasites. Malaria is caused by a tiny parasite that is transmitted by a mosquito bite. Other parasites may be transmitted to humans from animal feces
Cholera
Bacterial Contaminated food/water Indirect contact with feces Vomiting & Diarrhea
Diphtheria
Bacterial Direct contact Thick gray mucus Bacteria produces toxin which harms organs
Diabetes
Diesease that occurs when the body cannot produce enough insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar (glucose). can also occur when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Some effects: include heart disease, vision loss, and kidney injury. If blood sugar levels are not controlled, it can seriously damage other organs and systems in the body over time. There are two main types of diabetes: Type 1 diabetes is often diagnosed during childhood or young adulthood. It's the result of an immune system dysfunction. Type 2 diabetes is often acquired during later adulthood. It's typically the result of poor diet, inactivity, obesity, and other lifestyle and environmental factors. Management concentrates on keeping blood sugar levels as close to normal ("euglycemia") as possible without presenting undue patient danger. This can usually be with close dietary management, exercise, and use of appropriate medications (insulin only in the case of type 1 diabetes mellitus) Oral medications may be used in the case of type 2 diabetes, as well as insulin). Patient education, understanding, and participation is vital since the complications of diabetes are far less common and less severe in people who have well-managed blood sugar levels. Wider health problems may accelerate the deleterious effects of diabetes. smoking, elevated cholesterol levels, obesity, high blood pressure, and lack of regular exercise
infectious diseases contraction
Direct Contact Indirect Contact Insect Bites Food Contamination
infectious disease symptoms
Fever Diarrhea Fatigue Muscle aches Coughing
diseases of affluence
Industrial nations are thought to have more affluence, hence the name. These people can prevent themselves from getting the diseases., these are non-infectious diseases with environmental/lifestyle causes. Examples include: Many types of cardiovascular disease (CVD) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) caused by smoking tobacco Diabetes mellitus type 2 Lower back pain caused by too little exercise Malnutrition caused by too little food, or eating the wrong kinds of food (e.g. scurvy from lack of Vitamin C) Skin cancer caused by radiation from the sun Obesity
cardiovascular disease
NCD that is the leading cause of death Poor diet and physical inactivity can cause increased: blood pressure blood glucose blood lipids obesity Some common diseases include: heart attack Stroke coronary artery disease cerebrovascular disease congenital heart disease deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism Treatments include: Medication Surgery replacement
Cancer
NCD that is the second most-common cause of noncommunicable disease death globally. World Health Organization estimates that 30 to 50 percent of cancers are preventable with adoption of healthy lifestyle choices. Key steps in preventing disease include: avoiding tobacco limiting alcohol getting immunized against cancer-causing infections The most common cancer deaths in men worldwide include: Lung Liver Stomach Colorectal prostate The most common cancer deaths in women worldwide include: Breast Lung Colorectal Cervical Stomach For the vast majority of cancers, risk factors are environmental or lifestyle-related, thus cancers are mostly preventable NCD. Treatments include Chemotherapy - put in something awful in hopes it'll kill something worse Radiation Experimental
Rabies
Viral Direct Contact General early symptoms Later symptoms "rabid" Deadly if not treated
Smallpox
Viral Direct contact Eradication is considered greatest achievement in international public health Eradicated 1980 Small fluid filled blisters are diagnostic 30-50% mortality rate
Chronic Respiratory Disease
are ailments affecting the airways and lung structures. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) hundreds of millions of people suffer daily from CRDs. Some of these diseases have a genetic basis. However, other causes include lifestyle choices such as smoking and environmental conditions like exposure to air pollution, poor air quality, and poor ventilation. The main risk factors for developing CRDs are: tobacco smoking, indoor and outdoor air pollution, allergens, and occupational risks. While these diseases are incurable, they can be managed with medical treatment. The most common diseases include: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Asthma occupational lung diseases, such as black lung pulmonary hypertension cystic fibrosis Most treatments involve dilating major airways to improve shortness of breath among other symptoms.
Poliomyelitis
inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, commonly resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis
infectious diseases
diseases caused by organisms — such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. Many organisms live in and on our bodies. normally harmless or even helpful, but under certain conditions, some organisms may cause disease. Signs and symptoms vary depending on the organism causing the infection often include fever and fatigue. Mild infections may respond to rest and home remedies, while some life-threatening infections may require hospitalization. Many infectious diseases, such as measles and chickenpox, can be prevented by vaccines. Frequent and thorough hand-washing also helps protect you from most infectious diseases.
genetic disorders
disorders caused by errors in genetic information that produce diseases in the affected people. The origin of these genetic errors can be: Spontaneous errors or mutations to the genome: ----A change in chromosome numbers, such as Down syndrome. ----A defect in a gene caused by mutation, such as Cystic fibrosis. ----An increase in the amount of genetic information, such as Chimerism (when absorb cells of miscarried sibling and absorbing DNA of ghost twin)