NTRI Chapter 5: Lipids
essential fatty acids
Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid are both...
bile acids
___ act to emulsify fats in the small intestine, suspending them in digestive juices to enhance the action of digestive enzymes
trans
___ fatty acids, which are a byproduct of hydrogenation of vegetable oils, are similar to saturated fatty acids in structure and physiological effects
plaque
___ is a cholesterol-rich substance deposited in the blood vessels
fatty acid
chain of carbons flanked by hydrogens
higher in saturated fat and cholesterol
compared to margarine, butter is...
monoglyceride
formed from the breakdown of triglycerides, a ___ consists of one fatty acid bound to a glycerol backbone
phospholipid
glycerol backbone with fatty acids and at least one phosphorus-containing group
triglyceride
glycerol backbone with three fatty acids
transports cholesterol from the bloodstream to the liver for excretion
high levels of HDL in the blood tend to slow the development of cardiovascular disease because HDL...
fatty acids or monoglycerides
identify one product of triglyceride digestion that can be absorbed into the cells lining the small intestine
oxidized
in a chemical reaction, when a compound loses an electron, that compound has been...
essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins
just because a food is high in fat does not mean it is unhealthy. some high-fat foods, such as plant oils and nuts should be included in the diet because they are sources of...
6, 3
linoleic acid is an omega-___ fatty acid; alpha-linolenic acid is an omega-___ fatty acid
systolic blood pressure
pressure in the arterial blood vessels associated with pumping of the blood from the heart
diastolic blood pressure
pressure in the arterial blood vessels when the heart is between beats
as part of lipoproteins
primarily, fatty acids are transported through the bloodstream...
eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid
regular consumption of fatty fish provides ___ and ___, which can be slowly synthesized in the body as long as the essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid is present in adequate quantities
energy storage, insulation, transport of fat-soluble vitamins
what are the major functions of fatty acids and triglycerides in the body?
lipoprotein lipase
what enzyme breaks down triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol in the bloodstream
20-35% of total calories
what is the acceptable macronutrient distribution range for lipids according to the food and nutrition board?
neutralize free radicals
what is the main function of antioxidants?
false
True or false: phospholipids are essential parts of only a few types of cells, like adipose and liver cells
sterol
a compound containing a multi-ring structure and a hydroxyl group in a(n) ___
sterol
a compound containing a multi-ring structure and a hydroxyl group is a ___
unsaturated
an omega-3 fatty acid is... (unsaturated/saturated)
sterol
multi-ringed compound with a hydroxyl group
lipase
the enzyme ___ plays an important role in fat digestion
5
the food and nutrition board recommends that at least __% of total calories come from essential fatty acids
cardiovascular disease
the leading cause of death among North American adults is...
animal fats
the main source of saturated fat in American diets is...
trans fatty acids, saturated fatty acids
to protect cardiovascular health, the Food and Nutrition Board specifically recommends limiting intake of ___ and ___
true
true or false: HDL removes cholesterol from cells and returns them to the liver for excretion
true
true or false: monounsaturated, saturated, and polyunsaturated fats all provide the same number of calories
false
true or false: there is no way high-fat foods can be included in a well-balanced healthy diet
