nutrition (exam 2)

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what is the leading risk factor for death of under-5 children globally

childhood underweight

many low- and middle-income countries are facing a "________ burden" of disease

double

t/f: there is not enough food in the world to meet the nutritional needs of all

false, there is

lack of iron is associated with iron deficiency anemia, associated with ______ & ______

fatigue, weakness

_____ _____: the state of being without RELIABLE ACCESS to a SUFFICIENT QUANTITY of AFFORDABLE NUTRITIOUS FOOD

food insecurity

what 2 factors are important to consider when studying being overweight/obese

genetic & cultural factors

iodine deficiency is associated with a growth on the thyroid called a ______ and the failure to develop full ______ potential

goiter, intellectual

vitamin A is important to ______ and proper functioning of ______ system (ex: severity of illness and chance of survival of pneumonia, diarrhea, and measles)

growth, immune

the most immediate cause of being overweight/obese is an ______ in total energy intake coupled with a ______ in energy expenditure

increase, decrease

"double burden" of disease: 1. problems of ______ diseases and under-nutrition 2. rapid increase in risk factors of ______ such as obesity and overweight, particularly in urban settings

infectious, NCDs

which vitamin is found in some types of seafood and in plants that are grown in soil that naturally contains iodine

iodine

which vitamin is found most easily in fish, meat, poultry; also in fruits, grains, vegetables, nuts, and dried beans

iron

the effects of stunting are ______

irreversible

the rising global rate of obesity is being driven by global financial and trade ______, increased ______ and socioeconomic status, and _____

liberalization, income, urbanization

50% of children worldwide ages 6 months to 5 years suffer from one or more _____ _____ and globally more than 2 billion people are affected.

micronutrient deficiency

iodine deficiency often occurs in people who live in _______ regions where less seafood is consumed and the soil is deficient in iodine

mountainous

About 45% of all deaths (3 million) in children under five years are associated with _____ ______, undernutrition (this is 8,000/day)

nutritional deficits

63% of all mortality (36 of the 57 million deaths annually) is due to non-communicable disease; of these, 29 million are directly related to ________

over-nutrition

what are the 2 forms of malnutrition

overnutrition & undernutrition

iron-deficient pregnant women have an increased risk of giving birth to a _______ or low birthweight baby, or _______ and dying in child birth

premature, hemorrhaging

in LMIC's, under-nutrition and obesity exist ______-_____-______ within the same country, the same community, even within same household

side-by-side

________:low height for age

stunting

food security exists when all people at all times have access to _______, ________, _______ food to maintain a healthy and active life

sufficient, safe, nutritious

_________ is an important risk factor for death from other causes including diarrhea, pneumonia, measles, and other communicable diseases

undernutrition

Low-cost, highly effective interventions are available to improve nutrition status among those suffering from ________. However, prevention of _______/ ______ is complex.

underweight, overweight/obesity

about 100 million children globally suffer from moderate or severe _______, about 165 million are stunted, and more than 50 million are ______

underweight, wasted

which vitamin is found mostly in green leafy vegetables, yellow and orange fruits that are not citrus, and carrots

vitamin A

______:low weight for height

wasting

what 2 regions have the highest rate of wasting

1. Africa 2. South Asia

name 3 ways that the nutritional interventions can be achieved

1. Community-based growth monitoring and promotion 2. Supplementation with vitamin A and iron 3. Zinc to manage diarrhea 4. Implement food supplementation through programs like WIC and SNAP 5. Fortify locally appropriate food 6. Increase & improve the education of women 7. Use technologies to improve the nutritional content of food

what are 3 effects of stunting

1. Delayed motor development 2. Impaired cognitive function 3. Poor school performance

name 3 nutritional interventions

1. Focus on SOUTH ASIA and SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 2. Ensure pregnant women are well-nourished (calories and micronutrients) 3. Promote exclusive breastfeeding for all infants under 6 months 4. Provide appropriate foods for infants starting at 6 months 5. Support supplementation and fortification 6. Fight infection and illness through hygiene, water and sanitation

what are the 3 forms of undernutrition

1. Stunting 2. Wasting 3. Micronutrient deficiencies

what 2 things causes wasting

1. acute significant food shortage 2. disease

what 3 regions have the highest prevalence of stunting in children under 5

1. africa 2. south-east asia 3. eastern mediterranean

what four things are required to have food security

1. availability 2. access 3. stability 4. health

what 2 things causes stunting

1. long-term insufficient nutrient intake 2. frequent infections

the "double burden" of disease is caused by: 1. Inadequate pre-natal, infant and child ________ 2. Followed by exposure to high-fat, _____-dense, micronutrient-poor foods and a lack of _______ activity

1. nutrition 2. energy, physical

what are the 2 forms of overnutrition

1. overweight 2. obesity

what are the tope 3 vitamins that are prevalent in micronutrient deficiency

1. vitamin A 2. iodine 3. iron

the rate of underweight in children younger than 5 years of age in low- and middle-income countries fell from about 28% in 1990 to about _____% in 2011

17

stunting generally occurs before age _____

2

there are ______ developing countries with wasting rates of 10% or more

24

about ___ million under-5 child deaths a year can be attributed to nutrition-related causes

3

nearly 1/3 of children under ____ in the developing world are stunted

5

vitamin A deficiency is associated with xeropthalmia, which eventually can lead to permanent ______

blindness


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