Organelles (location/features/function)

What is the cell membrane made up of?

A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

Each organelle carries out what?

A specific task with in the cell

What are the Golgi bodies?

A stack of folded membranes that look like a stack of pancakes

The organelles work together to carry out what?

An overall cell function or process

Where is the nuclear membrane (and pores) located?

Between the cytoplasm and the nucleus

What is the cell wall made up of?

Cellulose fibres

Which organelles would be present in high numbers in the cells of a green leaf?

Chloroplast because it contains chlorophyll. Chlorophyll changes light energy into chemical energy to make glucose for the plant.

Which organelle would be present in high numbers in muscle cells and why?

Mitochondria because muscle cells are very active, require high amounts of energy which is provided by mitochondria during respiration.

Where is the centriole located?

Outside the nucleus in animal cells

What are the features of Chloroplast?

Oval-shaped organelle containing chlorophyll stored in discs which are arranged in stacks called grand. Contains a jelly-like liquid called stroma.

What is the function of Mitochondria?

Respiration takes place in the mitochondria to release energy for the cell. Mitochondria contain enzymes that speed up these chemical reactions. The energy stored in glucose molecules (from food) is released as ATP for cellular activities. Cells that need large amounts of energy contain very large numbers of mitochondria.

What are the two types of ER?

Rough ER which is covered in ribosomes and smooth ER which is not.

What are Mitochondria?

Sausage-shaped organelles with a folded inner membrane. The folds are call cristae, and the gaps between are called the matrix

What are Lysosomes?

Small membrane sacs containing digestive enzymes

What is the function of vacuoles?

They are a storage place for chemicals needed by the cell. When full of liquid, it helps to support the plant cell. Some cells contain several vacuoles.

What are some features of a centriole?

They come in pairs. Look like two cylinders. They are NOT found in plant cells.

Where is the cytoplasm located?

Throughout the cell.

What is the function of the Golgi bodies?

To modify and package proteins ready to be exported out of the cell. It 'tags' proteins so they get to their correct destination. It packages the proteins into small membrane sacs called vesicles. The vesicles will move to the cell membrane where the secretions are released to the outside of the cell.

What is the function of the Lysosomes?

To release the digestive enzymes that are needed to break down worn-out parts of the cell

What is the function of the cellulose fibres?

To strengthen the cell wall.

What is the function of the cell wall?

Together, the cell walls support the entire plant

What is chromatin?

Uncoiled DNA and protein

Where is the nucleus located?

Usually central in animal cells; often to the side in plant cells

What are the features of the nuclear membrane?

it is double-layered with many holes or pores in it

Cells are made up of what?

Different specialised organelles

Enzymes are made of protein. Name two organelles that would be involved in making as enzyme that is to be secreted out of the cell.

ER bound ribosomes. Nucleus. Golgi body. Vesicles. cell membrane.

In the salivary glands cells which produce an enzyme called amylase which organelles would be present in high numbers and why?

ER, ribosomes, golgi body, lots of vesicles. These are involved in protein synthesis (making proteins).

Where are ribosomes located?

Either free floating in the cytoplasm or bound to the ER.

Name two organelles that have highly folded membranes.

Endoplasmic Recticulum. Golgi Body.

What is the function of ribosomes?

Free ribosomes help make proteins to be used in the cell. The ER bound ribosomes make proteins to be exported (secreted) out of the cell.

Where is the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) located?

From the nucleus, throughout the cytoplasm.

Where is Chloroplast located?

In cytoplasm in plant cells.

What are the features of the vacuoles?

In plant cells it is often a single, enormous fluid-filled sac, occupying most of the centre of the cell. It contains cell sap, which is mainly water with various other chemicals dissolved in it, and is surrounded by a membrane. Animal cells sometimes contain vacuoles but they are much smaller than plant cell vacuoles.

Where is the nucleolus located?

In some nuclei (nuclei is the plural term for nucleus)

Where are the vacuoles located?

In the centre of the cell.

What is the location of the Lysosomes?

In the cytoplasm

Where are the Golgi bodies?

In the cytoplasm

Where is the Mitochondria located?

In the cytoplasm

What is the function of the centriole?

Involved in cell division. Form spindle fibres which helps chromosomes divide.

What is the function of the nucleus?

It controls the cells and carries the genetic code (DNA). DNA in the nucleus is collectively called chromatin or the genetic code. Chromosomes form from the uncoiled DNA.

What is the function of the cell membrane?

It controls the entry and exit of substances. It is also involved in communication.

What is the function of the nucleolus?

It helps to assemble ribosomes

What is the function of cytoplasm?

It holds dissolved foods and gases and helps circulate substances throughout the cell.

What are the features of Endoplasmic Reticulum?

It is a system of membranes that run parallel to one another. The membrane enclose a system of flattened cavities that connect with each other. There are two types of ER.

Describe the nucleus.

It is round in shape. The nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane. It contains chromatin and the nucleolus.

Where is the cell wall located?

It is the outer NON-LIVING layer of a plant cell

What is the function of the nuclear membrane?

It keeps the nucleus separate from the cytoplasm. The pores allow materials to pass in and out of the nucleus.

What is the function of Endoplasmic reticulum?

It provides a transport system to move substances around the cell. Because it is linked to the nucleus it moves the code needed to make substances from the nucleus out to ribosomes.

Where is the cell membrane located?

It surrounds the cell (outer layer in animal cells and inside wall in plants)

What is a feature of cytoplasm?

Jelly-like substance found.

What is the function of Chloroplast?

The Chlorophyll changes light energy into chemical energy to make the glucose (a food) for the plant. This process is called photosynthesis.

What is a feature of a cell wall?

The cell wall has tiny holes (pores) so material can move from cell to cell.

What is the nucleolus?

The darker patch within the nucleus

Each cell process is part of what?

The essential life processes a living organism carries out.