Organizational Behavior Chapter 9-12 Quiz Questions
According to the Leadership Grid, a manager who is not concerned about production but exhibits high concern for people would be a ____ manager on the grid. a. 5,5 b. 1,1 c. 9,9 d. 9,1 e. 1,9
1,9
For effective communication to take place, both parties must
Attach the same meaning to symbols used in the message
Which conflict resolution strategy entails ignoring the conflict or denying that it exists? a. competing b. accommodating c. compromising d. avoiding e. collaborating
Avoiding
The medium used to send information is called the
Channel
________ conflict occurs due to personality differences. a. values b. information c. process d. task e. relationship
Relationship
Which type of conflict arises due to interpersonal issues? a. process conflict b. values conflict c. information conflict d. relationship conflict e. task conflict
Relationship conflict
According to Project GLOBE, which type of leadership includes behaviors intending to ensure the safety and security of the leader and the group? a. Participative b. Humane-oriented c. Team-oriented d. Autonomous e. Self-protective
Self-protective
Which leadership style of the Hersey and Blanchard model entails offering direction and role definition accompanied by explanation and information? a. Delegating b. Telling c. Situational d. Participating e. Selling
Selling
The __________ refers to an individual, group, or organization that is interested in conveying a particular message to another party. a. receiver b. channel c. decoder d. noise generator e. sender
Sender
All of the following are examples of body language EXCEPT a. smiling b. sitting back with arms folded c. shouting d. making eye contact
Shouting
A leader who achieves a superior alignment between the organization and the environment is known as a a. strategic leader b. structural leader c. charismatic leader d. virtual leader
Strategic leader
Which type of leadership entails the ability to understand the complexities of both the organization and its environment so as to maintain a superior alignment between them? a. Virtual leadership b. Transactional leadership c. Transformational leadership d. Strategic leadership e. Charismatic leadership
Strategic leadership
________ conflict occurs as a result of process features of the organization. a. structural b. information c. values d. task e. relationship
Structural
A group of managers cannot agree on what next month's sales goals should be. The group is experiencing a. relationship conflict b. task conflict c. values conflict d. process conflict
Task conflict
A group of managers cannot agree on what next month's sales goals should be. The group is experiencing a. values conflict b. process conflict c. information conflict d. task conflict e. relationship conflict
Task conflict
According to Project GLOBE, which style of leadership emphasizes creating a sense of common purpose and includes being collaborative, diplomatic, and administratively competent? a. Self-protective b. Team-oriented c. Autonomous d. Humane-oriented e. Participative
Team-oriented
Task characteristics that may substitute for leader behavior include all of the following EXCEPT a. tediousness b. frequent feedback c. routine d. intrinsic satisfaction
Tediousness
The definition of leadership includes all of the following EXCEPT a. the ability to affect the perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes of others. b. a set of characteristics attributed to certain people. c. that it is both a process and a property. d. the use of noncoercive influence. e. the effective use of force and/or coercion
The effective use of force and/or coercion
In LMX theory, what ultimately determines whether the follower becomes a member of an in-group or an out-group? a. The leader's competence b. The leader's perception of the follower c. The follower's perception of the leader d. The follower's competence e. The size of the work group
The leader's perception of the follower
According to the Leadership Grid, who would be the most effective leader?
The manager who always chats with employees and constantly strives to improve worker production
The feedback phase of the communication begins when the __________ the message a. sender encodes b. receiver decodes c. the receiver responds to d. the initial sender translates e. the receiver understands
The receiver responds to
Which of the following is NOT a part of initiating-structure behavior, as identified in the Ohio State leadership studies? a. The leader clearly defines leader-subordinate roles. b. There is mutual trust and respect between the leader and subordinate. c. Subordinates are aware of what is expected of them in their positions. d. Channels of communication are established. e. Methods for accomplishing the task are determined.
There is mutual trust and respect between the leader and subordinate
What type of leadership is focused on routine, regimented activities? a. Transactional leadership b. Charismatic leadership c. Transformational leadership d. Virtual leadership e. Strategic leadership
Transactional leadership
What type of leadership is focused on recognizing the need for change, creating a vision to guide that change, and executing the change effectively? a. Strategic leadership b. Charismatic leadership c. Transactional leadership d. Virtual leadership e. Transformational leadership
Transformational leadership
When dysfunctional conflict occurs,
Typically no one is satisfied with the outcome
The difference between leadership substitutes and leadership neutralizers is that substitutes make leadership _________, whereas neutralizers make leadership impossible. a. harder b. unnecessary c. challenging d. easier e. ineffective
Unnecessary
According to the LPC theory, tasks that are complex, non routine, and ambiguous are categorized as a. ideal for decision making b. unstructured c. favorable d. easily understood
Unstructured
________ conflict occurs due to perceived or actual incompatibilities in beliefs about what is right or wrong. a. relationship b. information c. process d. values e. task
Values
Which concept explores how managers lead through various distance technologies? a. transformational leadership b. virtual leadership c. charismatic leadership d. strategic leadership
Virtual leadership
In __________, the sender communicates a message without expecting or getting any feedback from the receiver. a. verbal communication b. nonverbal communication c. one-way communication d. body language e. two-way communication
one-way communication
In the leader-member exchange model (LMX), each superior-subordinate pair is referred to as a. a vertical dyad b. a linking mechanism c. an in-group d. a matched set
A vertical dyad
Which conflict resolution strategy entails giving the other party what it wants? a. competing b. compromising c. collaborating d. accommodating e. avoiding
Accommodating
Substitutes for leadership can come from which of the following? a. None of these are correct. b. All of these are correct. c. The task d. Subordinates e. The organization
All of these are correct
Leadership can be viewed as a. neither a process nor a property b. a property only c. a process only d. a universally understood characteristic e. both a process and a property
Both a process and a property
Which conflict resolution strategy reflects a desire to give both parties what they want? a. collaborating b. compromising c. avoiding d. competing
Collaborating
Which conflict resolution strategy entails pursuing one's interests without any regard for the other party's? a. collaborating b. avoiding c. competing d. compromising e. accommodating
Competing
Which conflict resolution strategy requires both sides to sacrifice something in order to end the conflict? a. accommodating b. competing c. compromising d. avoiding e. collaborating
Compromising
One conclusion of the Ohio State studies was that a leader who focuses on subordinates' feelings and ideas is exhibiting a. employee-centered leader behavior b. initiating-structure behavior c. consideration behavior d. job-centered leader behavior e. task-oriented leader behavior
Consideration behavior
________ conflict balances the interests of both parties to maximize mutual gains and the attainment of mutual goals. a. information b. values c. constructive d. dysfunctional e. structural
Constructive
__________ is the process by which the receiver of a message interprets its meaning. a. language b. communication c. feedback d. decoding e. encoding
Decoding
Which leadership style of the Hersey and Blanchard model entails allowing followers to work independently with little or no overseeing? a. Selling b. Telling c. Situational d. Participating e. Delegating
Delegating
The goal in studying the behavioral approach of leadership is to a. define a standard list of leader characteristics. b. categorize a set of behaviors as effective or ineffective in terms of making decisions. c. determine what behaviors are associated with effective leadership. d. study the behavior patterns of several well-known historical leaders. e. match a set of behaviors with corresponding situations.
Determine what behaviors are associated with effective leadership
Which of the following applies more to a function of leadership rather than a function of management? a. producing a degree of predictability and order leading to expected results by various stakeholders b. establishing detailed steps and timetables for achieving results c. developing a vision of the future d. monitoring results and identifying deviations e. establishing some structure for accomplishing plan requirements
Developing a vision of the future
__________ communication typically consists of messages about how to do a job, performance goals, the firm's policies, and how the company is performing. a. slow b. horizontal c. upward d. downward e. quick
Downward
________ conflict is destructive, and focused on emotions and differences between two parties. a. information b. constructive c. structural d. dysfunctional e. values
Dysfunctional
__________ leadership refers to the demonstration of morally upright conduct through personal actions and interpersonal relationships, and the promotion of such conduct to followers. a. Strategic b. Ethical c. Transformational d. Transactional e. Charismatic
Ethical
All of the following are associated with transactional leaders EXCEPT a. evaluating performance b. executing change c. making decisions d. assigning work
Executing change
__________ is the portion of communication that enables a receiver to indicate receipt and understanding of a message. a. decoding b. encoding c. symbolism d. feeback e. noise
Feedback
According to Hersey and Blanchard, what does appropriate leader behavior depend on? a. Follower loyalty b. Follower personality c. Follower readiness d. Organizational budgets e. Intragroup conflict
Follower readiness
The LPC theory of leadership was developed by a. Victor Vroom b. Charles Greene c. Fred Fiedler d. Arthur Jago
Fred Fiedler
The Michigan studies on leadership sought to determine the pattern of leadership behaviors that are likely to result in effective a. leader performance. b. individual performance. c. group performance. d. supervisor behavior. e. time management.
Group performance
According to the LMX model, the leader's _________ is a small group of trusted subordinates given more autonomy and responsibility than others. a. vertical dyad b. task force c. out-group d. in-group e. elite group
In-group
__________ is the ability to affect the perceptions, beliefs, attitudes, motivation, and/or behaviors of others. a. force b. power c. coercion d. authority e. influence
Influence
________ conflict occurs when people are misinformed or interpret things differently. a. relationship b. process c. values d. information e. task
Information
Which of the following occurs when the amount of information available exceeds our ability to process it? a. misperception b. information overload c. selective perception d. filtering
Information overload
Which of the following does NOT describe a behavior of charismatic leaders? a. initiating structured tasks and making assignments b. envisioning future trends and patterns c. setting high expectations for themselves and for others d. modeling behaviors consistent with meeting expectations
Initiating structured tasks and making assignments
According to the continuum of leadership behavior proposed by Tannenbaum and Schmidt, managerial characteristics include all of the following EXCEPT a. confidence in subordinates b. personal inclinations c. interest in the problem d. the manager's value system e. feelings of security
Interest in the problem
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of constructive conflict? a. it can stimulate new ideas b. it can promote healthy competition c. it can energize behavior d. it can result in higher-quality decisions e. it works best when people focus on emotions
It works best when people focus on emotions
One conclusion of the University of Michigan studies was that a leader who focuses on work procedures and performance is exhibiting a. consideration behavior b. employee-centered leader behavior c. job-centered leader behavior d. task-oriented leader behavior e. initiating-structure behavior
Job-centered leader behavior
The earliest studies of leadership focused on the traits, or personal characteristics, of leaders, but later research shifted to focus more on a. focus behavior b. leader behavior c. member behavior d. follower behavior e. charismatic behavior
Leader behavior
The in-group/out-group dichotomy is central to which model of leadership? a. Hersey and Blanchard b. Least-preferred coworker c. Leader-member exchange d. Vroom's decision tree e. Attribution theory Hide Feedback
Leader-member exchange
According to the LPC theory, what factor is presumed to have the biggest effect on the favorableness of a situation? a. leader-member relations b. leader position power c. leader personality d. organizational structure
Leader-member relations
Distinctions between management and leadership include all of the following EXCEPT a. management is more important in regard to creating and directing change. b. leadership is more concerned with establishing direction. c. management is more concerned with planning and budgeting. d. leadership is more involved in motivating and inspiring individuals. e. management more often focuses on controlling and problem solving.
Management is more important in regard to creating and directing change
The Leadership Grid, also called the ________ grid, is associated with the behavioral approach to leadership. a. contemporary b. trait c. interactive d. managerial e. contingency
Managerial
Upward communication usually provides feedback to
Managers
Each of the following is associated with transformational leaders EXCEPT a. managing routine work b. recognizing a need for change c. creating a vision to guide change d. executing change
Managing routine work
Ivan is trying to understand the concern of an angry customer, but several employees keep interrupting the conversion. These interruptions are an example of a. feeback b. miscommunication c. static d. channel deficiency e. noise
Noise
__________ refers to difficulties in the communication process that might arise due to some type of interference or distortion that occurs during transmission of a message, resulting in disruption of the communication process. a. decoding b. noise c. encoding d. feeback e. channel
Noise
Physical movements and body language are forms of a. communication medium b. personal communication c. visual communication d. physical communication e. nonverbal communication
Nonverbal communication
According to Project GLOBE, which category of leadership behavior refers to the extent to which leaders are nonautocratic and involve others in making decisions? a. Autonomous b. Humane-oriented c. Participative d. Team-oriented e. Self-protective
Participative
________ conflict is a disagreement about how to accomplish something. a. process b. information c. relationship d. task e. values
Process
Communication is defined as
a social process that involves information exchange.
All of the following are examples of oral communication in organizations EXCEPT a. a telephone call b. a conversation on cell phones c. sending a memo to colleagues d. reading a manual out loud to coworkers e. discussing a task
sending a memo to colleagues
Once a receiver provides feedback to a sender, the sender and receiver have engaged in a. one-way communication b. verbal communication c. nonverbal communication d. two-way communication e. body language
two-way communication