PAD4084 Final
Amnesty International said that ______ young men and boys had died in military detention in Nigeria since 2011. Many without any kind of trial
7,000
Around ____% of people in Northern Nigeria live in poverty, whereas around ___% of people in the South are stuck in poverty.
70% Northern, 27% Southern
Omar the Chechen
Was a top military commander in ISIS. Actually a Georgian national. But he fought with the Chechen rebels.
Leader of 969
Ashin Wirathu "The Face of Buddhist Terror"
Kadyrov quote on insurgents
"If a rebel kills a policeman or another person, his family will be immediately expelled from Chechnya with no right to return, and their house will be razed to the ground."
Boko Haram means
"Western education is forbidden"
What is the Caucasus Emirate?
(Also known as Imirat Kavkaz) IK Created to build together the handful of disparate Islamic fronts operating across the Caucasus region together under one umbrella. Al Qaeda linked. Though, many of the remaining fighters look like they have pledged allegiance to ISIS
American officials said that the S Wing of the Pakistani ISI provided direct support to three major groups carrying out attacks in Afghanistan:
1.) The Afghan Taliban based in Pakistan, commanded by Mullah Muhammad Omar 2.) The militant network run by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar* (he's a former Afghan PM - influenced by Qtub and MB) and the CIA funded his group which was part of the mujahedeen He fled to Iran and then Pakistan after the Taliban took over 3.) And Jalaluddin Haqqani leader of the Haqqani Network
When did Burma gain independence from Britain?
1948
When and who created Boko Haram?
2002 Muhammad Yusuf
About ___% of Nigerians live on less than a $__ a day
61%, $1
How many terrorist prisoners are waiting for rehabilitation? (according to the Saudis)
3700
What happened during the Moscow Theater Siege?
40 Chechen rebels took control of a theater in Moscow, taking 921 hostages. 130 hostages were killed
What does each number in 969 mean?
9 Attributes of Buddha 6 Attributes of his teachings 9 Attributes of the Sangha
Exit-Deutschland
A program targeted at neo-Nazis and right-wing extremists. Works to de-radicalize and bring them back into German society. Similar to a witness protection program - many people who make the decision to leave extremism live in fear of being attacked by the people they're trying to leave behind.
Who is currently the leader of Boko Haram?
Abubakar Shekau
FSB Anti-terrorism task force team
Alpha Group
The Three Drivers to Radicalization
An extreme level of frustration A sense of powerlessness Exposure to an ideology that not only resonates emotionally, but also offers a solution to the frustration.
Myanmar claims the Rohingya are illegal immigrants from where?
Bangladesh
The Exit Program focuses more on _____________ rather than changing the ______________ of the extremist.
Behavior, worldview
969 Movement
Burma Buddhists Anti Islam Blame the Rohingya for everything
Where is Chechnya located?
Caucasus region
CJTF
Civilian Joint Task Force Vigilante group, formed by local residents to combat the threat of Boko Haram. Made up of both Muslims and Christians.
What has the CJTF and Nigerian Military been accused of?
Committing war crimes and of killing civilians
What did Burma do to Rohingya?
Denied them recognition as one of 135 different ethnic groups in the country Led to 70 years of Discrimination Marginalization
Who established Caucasus Emirate?
Dokku Umarov, who called himself "the Emir"
Why does Nigeria hate western education system?
Education system is viewed as corrupt Distrust in government Hate civil servants
In Nigeria, many see __________ as just a tool to move up in a corrupt system rather than a method of ___________
Education, enlightenment
FSB stands for
Federal Security Service
FATA
Federally Administered Tribal Areas
Operation Lentil
Following conclusion of WWII Stalin forced all the Chechens to move into Siberia Tens of thousands of Chechens died The surviving Chechens were only allowed to return home after Stalin had died.
Boko Haram's goals?
Get rid of western education and create a Islamic State in Nigeria
Heartland Democracy
Minneapolis group that created a counseling program for young men (Deradicalization)
Largest Somali population in the U.S
Minnesota 15,000-20,000 Target for terrorism recruiters
Haqqani Network's goal
Islamization of Afghanistan
Pakistan's environment (Very Pro Sunni)
It encourages dislike of Indian Hindus It's intolerant of Suffis It hates Shia Iran Doesn't care for Afghan Pashtun Is a hotbed of tribal disputes High levels of corruption
Operation Marquetalia
May of 1964 Colombian government targeted 48 peasant guerrillas in a small town by the same name.
In 2004 the European Parliament labeled this operation a genocide.
Operation Lentil
When was the Moscow Theater Siege?
October 2002
Kadyrovtsy
Presidential Security Services (SB) Kadyrov's private army and anti-terrorism squad Accused of torture, kidnapping, and disappearances
Chechnya
Republic within the Russian Federation Chechens- Largely muslim ethnic group About 1 million people
Russia-Syria Relationship
Russia has significant economic and military interests in Syria (including a military base, Tartus). The Syrian War was a good opportunity to show that Russia was still a force to be reckoned with Also wanted to fight ISIS and sell arms
What happened in February of 2000?
Russia recaptured the Chechen capital of Grozny, destroying a good part of the city center in the process, reasserting direct control over Chechnya.
Dagestan
Russian republic with a population of about 3 million people. Located in the Caucasus region. Fundamentalist Islam has been on the rise here since the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Jan. 2, 2016
Saudi Arabia conducted a mass execution of 47 individuals convicted on terrorism charges
STL
Special Tribunal for Lebanon
These three groups are considered a ____________________ asset to Pakistan in contrast to the TTP
Strategic
The Rohingya practice a _________ variation of _________ Islam
Sufi, Sunni
Saudi Arabia is predominately _________ while nearby Iran is predominately___________
Sunni, Shia/Shiite
Deradicalization Critiques
That it focuses too much on the individual while ignoring the social context.
Second Chechen War is also known as
The War in the North Caucasus
In 1999 what did Chechen militants do?
They went into the neighboring Russian republic of Dagestan, joining their separatist groups in an attempt to make an Islamic state In September 1999, a series of attacks on a mall and apartment buildings — including one housing families of Russian soldiers — led to hundreds of deaths.
Why was STL created?
To place terrorists under an international criminal law. Viable framework established; Legal model of blend between int'l and domestic law, ensures int'l standards of fairness and ownership of court by nation affected
What is the Haqanni Network?
a Sunni Islamist militant organization operating in the southeastern region of Afghanistan and the northwestern Federally Administered Tribal Areas in Pakistan. HN was founded by Mujahideen commander Jalaluddin Haqqani in the late 1970s, and rose to prominence in the anti-Soviet war in the 1980s. The core structure of HN is largely familial and hierarchical
Wahhabism
a strict form of Islam that insists on a literal interpretation of the Koran Government sponsored in Saudi Arabia
Deradicalization
aims to have individuals abandon violence and return to society. pertains to the elimination of RADICAL THOUGHTS, not just radical behavior. Deradicalization can happen spontaneously
2011 Boko Haram attack
attacked a UN administrative building in Abuja Nigeria killing 23, and injuring 80
Rehabilitation in Saudi
criticism of the Shiite and Iranian "expansionist" perspective Refer to Shiites as "rafideen," an Arabic slur for "rejectionists"
Exit Germany's Strategy
focuses primarily on DISENGAGEMENT from the extremist group. It targets those who have decided to leave.
FSB's mission:
is to counter terrorism, conduct surveillance against spies, fight organized crime and investigate serious crimes
2010 Rand report on Saudi Rehabilitation program is heavy on the ________ and light on the ___________
ideology, re-education
Why was STL unsuccessful?
in absentia trials, whirlwind politics of Lebanon, and failure of int'l community to have one singular definition for terrorism
Ramzan A. Kadyrov
leader of Chechnya Staunch ally of Putin Kadyrov has been implicated in a number of high profile murders: Including investigative journalist Anna Politkovskaya and human rights activist Natalia Estimirova
Wahhabism's rigidity has led it to
misinterpret and distort Islam, pointing to extremists such as Osama bin Laden and the Taliban
In Chechnya, Kadrov is known as __________________ meaning "__________"
pachchakh, king
Haqanni seeks to re-establish ___________________________________
sharia law and institute an Islamic social and political system of control within Afghanistan
Rohingya
world's most persecuted minority Ethnic Muslim group living in Rakhine (1.1 Million) Since 1982, have been denied citizenship