Patho
buffer
...
caton
...
cugative necrosis
...
hydrostatic pressure
...
hypotonic solution
...
repulsion
...
metabolic absorption
..., all cells consume nutrients from their surroundings to increase energy, ALL cells produce and use energy
monosomy
..., chromosomal abnormality consisting of the absence of one chromosome from the normal diploid number
genotyope
..., genetic makeup of an organism
hypertrophy
..., increase in cell size
metabolic acidosis
..., ⇓ pH ⇓ HCO3-
downsydrome
1 in 800, to 1 in 1000, trisomy of 21
The function of the histone in a eukaryotic cell is best described as: A) cell division. B) cell movement. C) adenosine triphosphate (ATP) formation. D) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) supercoiling.
D deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) supercoiling
The term "diffusion" is best described as: A) movement of a solute molecule from high to low concentration. B) movement of water down a concentration gradient. C) transference of both water and a solute down a concentration gradient. D) mechanical pressure of water pushing against the cellular membrane.
a movement of a solute molecule from highh to low concentration
melanoma deficiency
albinism
excretion
all cells can rid themselves of waste products resulting from the metabolic breakdown of nutrients. membrane-bound sacs (lysosomes) within the cells contian enzymes that breakdown, or digest, large molecules, turning them into waste products that are released from the cell.
metabolic absorption
all cells can take in and use nutrients and other substances from their surroundings
Which of the following are in the category of prokaryotes? Select all that apply. A) Fungi B) Bacteria C) Rickettsiae D) Cyanobacteria E) Protozoa
bacteria, rickettsiae, cyanobacteria
women live longer than men why?
because estrogen
anion
chloride, bicorbonate, phosphate
leading cause of metal retardation and spontaneous abortion?
chromosomal abortion
gastirc gangrene
clostirdium,
The extracellular matrix is composed of: Select all that apply. A) collagen. B) elastin. C) fibronectin. D) desmosomes. E) polypeptides.
collagen, elastin, fibronectin
aldersterone
comes from kidney (renal)
communication
communication is vital for cells to survive as a society of cells. appropriate communication allows the maintenace of a dynamic steady state.
conductivity
conduction as a response to stimulus is manifested by a wave of excitation, an electrical potential that passes along the surface of the cell to reach its other parts. conductivity is the chief function of nerve cells
pathogenic response
congestive heart failure
interstitial hydrostatic pressure
inward movement of water from interstial spaces
sarcopenia
loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging
protein
made up from chains of amnio acids known as polypeptides
diffusion
movement from higher solute concentration to lowe solute concentration
osmosis
movement of water from a higher to lower concentration
movement
muscle cells can generate forces that produce motion. muscles that are attached to bone produce limb movements, whereas those muscles that enclose hollow tubes or cavities move or empty contents when they contract.
rigermortis
muscle stiffness
anaploidy
not 23 pairs
albumin
nutrion statis
Plasma proteins exert a force called: A) filtration pressure. B) hydrostatic pressure. C) oncotic pressure. D) hyperbaric pressure.
oncotic pressure
metaplasia
one cell replaces another,
interstial oncotic pressure
osmotic attraction to pull fluids back out
hypoxia
oxygen levels are low
caveolae
serves as a storage site for many receptors and provide a route for transport into the cell
abrasion
surface wound
edema
swelling from excessive accumulation of serous fluid in tissue
The simultaneous movement of two molecules in one direction is best described as: A) symport. B) antiport. C) uniport. D) passive transport.
symport
cytosol
the semifluid portion of the cytoplasm
ampipathic
which means one part is hydrophobic and another part os hydrophilic
nucleus
which surrounds by the cytoplam ad generally is located in the center of the cell, is the larges membrane bound organnele.
PKU
x-linked inheritance
ishcemia
decrease in blood supply, reversible (arterial scerosis)
algor mortis
decrease in body temp
atrophy
decrease in cell size
pitting edema
edema in which firm finger pressure on the skin produces an indentation (pit) that remains for several seconds
The time period of the cell cycle during which RNA and protein synthesis occur is referred to as the: A) G1 phase. B) G2 phase. C) M phase. D) S phase.
g2
urine uric acid build up
gout
filtration
greater pushing force of water through the membrane
Eukaryotes
-Complex cellular organization -Higher animals, plants, fungi, protozoa, and algae -Membrane-bound organelles -Well-defined nucleus
Prokaryotes
-Cyanobacteria, bacteria, and rickettsiae -Nucleus (single, circular chromosome) -Lack histones
sodium levels in kidney
136-145units per liter
extracellular fluid
17%
1L of water
2.2lbs
intrcellular fluid
2/3 of body water
bicarbonate to carbonic acid
20:1 must be maintained for life
ph
7.35-7.45
cytoplasm
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended.
Histones
Form a protein complex by binding with DNA that strengthens the DNA chain. Causes DNA to fold into chromosomes. Decreases the risk of breakage of the DNA chain and is essential for cell division.
discussion regarding a solution would include mention that: A) a hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration (more dilute) than body solution. B) a hypertonic solution has a lower solute concentration (more dilute) than body solution. C) osmolality is a measure of the concentration of molecules per volume of solution. D) osmolarity is a measure of the concentration of molecules per weight in a water solution.
a A) a hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration (more dilute) than body solution.
The process that involves neurotransmitters diffusing across the synaptic cleft is defined as: A) chemical synapsing. B) paracrine signaling. C) autocrine signaling. D) autostimulation.
a chemical synapsing
Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding a eukaryotic cell? They: A) are smaller than prokaryotes. B) contain organelles. C) lack a nucleus. D) are deficient in histones.
b CONTAIN ORGANELLES
The appropriate term for an "energy-releasing process" is: A) anabolism. B) catabolism. C) substrate. D) second messenger.
b catabolism
The appropriate term for the organelle that is responsible for oxidative phosphorylation is the: A) Golgi complex. B) mitochondria. C) endoplasmic reticulum. D) nucleolus.
b mitochondria
The outer membrane of the eukaryotic cell is also referred to as the: A) nucleolus. B) plasmalemma. C) cytoplasm. D) cytosol.
b plasmalemma
liver mortis
blood settles at lowest point
It is true that a "cellular receptor": A) is found only in the nucleus. B) can bind with only large molecules. C) delivers protein to the cell's surface. D) can bind with molecules called ligands
d can bind with molecules called ligands
The nature of an amphipathic lipid molecule is best described as: A) hydrophobic. B) hydrophilic. C) both hydrophobic and hydrophilic. D) nonpolar
c both hydrophobic and hydrophilic
The process by which nerve and muscle cells become more positive than negative is referred to as: A) repolarization. B) hyperpolarization. C) depolarization. D) action potentialization.
c depolarization
When discussing cellular energy, it is correct to state that: A) glycolysis is the building of sugar molecules. B) oxidative cellular metabolism is a single reaction making ATP. C) oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria. D) anaerobic glycolysis occurs in the presence of oxygen.
c oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondira
hemaglobin
can bind o oxygen but does not change the pH of blood
dysplasia
cancer, Change in cell size, shape,
billirubin
cause jaundance, green
necrosis
cell death
pinocytosis
cell drinking
endocytosis
cell eating
respiration
cells absorb oxygen, which is use to transform nutrients into energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). cellular respiration, or oxidation, occurs in organelles called mitochondria
secretion
certain cells, such as mucous glands cells can synthesized new substances from substances they absorb and then secrete the new substances to serve as needed elsewhere
hyperplasia
increase in cell number and cell size (normal) BABIES!
phagocytosis
in vagination, cell eating
laceration
jagged edges
nuclear envelope
layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell
The process by which cells "drink" is referred to as: A) pinocytosis. B) phagocytosis. C) exocytosis. D) potocytosis.
pinocytosis
most abundant buffer?
protein buffer
ribosomes synthesis?
proteins
Capillary oncotic pressure
pulling water into cappillary frominterstial space
capillAry hydrostatic pressure
pushing pressure out to interstial space, BP
nucleolus
structure inside the nucleus, where ribosomes are made
A desmosome is described as a: Select all that apply. A) barrier to diffusion. B) system of braces. C) communicating tunnel. D) band of epithelial sheets. E) joining protein.
system of braces, band of epithelial sheets
reproduction
tissue growth occurs as cells enlarge and reproduce themselves. even without growth, tissue maintenance requires that new cells be produced to replace cells that are lost normally through cellular death. Not all cells are capable of continuous division
anoxia
total block of oxygen, total block of artery
A function of signaling cascades includes message: Select all that apply. A) transfer. B) distribution. C) deletion. D) amplification. E) modulation.
transfer, distribution, amplification, modulation
Proteins have the ability to function as: Select all that apply. A) Transport channels B) Enzymes that drive pumps C) Cell surface markers D) Cellular synapses E) Cell adhesion molecules
transport channels, enzymes that drive pumps, cell surface markers, cell adhesion molecules
frality
weakened functioning of organs and body systemsl interferes with everyday competence; leaves person vulnerable in face of infection, hot/cold temperature, injury
