PEDS FINAL

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In providing nourishment for a child with cystic fibrosis (CF), what factors should the nurse keep in mind? a. Fats and proteins must be greatly curtailed. b. Most fruits and vegetables are not well tolerated. c. Diet should be high in calories, proteins, and unrestricted fats. d. Diet should be low fat but high in calories and proteins.

Nursing care of the child with myelosuppression from leukemia or chemotherapeutic agents should include which therapeutic intervention? a. Restrict oral fluids. b. Institute strict isolation. c. Use good hand-washing technique. d. Give immunizations appropriate for age.

Parents bring a 7-year-old child to the clinic for evaluation of an injured wrist after a bicycle accident. The parents and child are upset, and the child will not allow an examination of the injured arm. What priority nursing intervention should occur at this time? a. Send the child to radiology so radiography can be performed. b. Initiate an intravenous line and administer morphine for the pain. c. Calmly ask the child to point to where the pain is worst and to wiggle fingers. d. Have the parents hold the child so that the nurse can examine the arm thoroughly.

Parents of a hospitalized toddler ask the nurse, "What is meant by family-centered care?" The nurse should respond with which statement? a. Family-centered care reduces the effect of cultural diversity on the family. b. Family-centered care encourages family dependence on the health care system. c. Family-centered care recognizes that the family is the constant in a child's life. d. Family-centered care avoids expecting families to be part of the decision-making

Spastic cerebral palsy (CP) is characterized by which clinical manifestations? a. Athetosis, dystonic movements b. Tremors, lack of active movement c. Hypertonicity; poor control of posture, balance, and coordinated motion d. Wide-based gait; poor performance of rapid, repetitive movements

The clinical manifestations of sickle cell anemia (SCA) are primarily the result of which physiologic alteration? a. Decreased blood viscosity b. Deficiency in coagulation c. Increased red blood cell (RBC) destruction d. Greater affinity for oxygen

The nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child with cerebral palsy (CP). The child, developmentally, is at an infant stage. Appropriate developmental stimulation for this child should be what? a. Playing "pat-a-cake" with the child b. None so the child does not become overstimulated c. Putting a colorful mobile with music on the bed d. Giving the child a coloring book and crayons

The nurse is caring for a hospitalized adolescent whose femur was fractured 18 hours ago. The adolescent suddenly develops chest pain and dyspnea. The nurse should suspect what complication? a. Sepsis b. Osteomyelitis c. Pulmonary embolism d. Acute respiratory tract infection

The nurse is teaching the family of a child, age 8 years, with moderate hemophilia about home care. What should the nurse tell the family to do to minimize joint injury? a. Administer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). b. Administer DDAVP (synthetic vasopressin). c. Provide intravenous (IV) infusion of factor VIII concentrates. d. Encourage elevation and application of ice to the involved joint.

The nurse suspects fluid overload in an infant receiving intravenous fluids. What clinical manifestation is suggestive of water intoxication? a. Oliguria b. Weight loss c. Irritability and seizures d. Muscle weakness and cardiac dysrhythmias

The parents of a child with sickle cell anemia (SCA) are concerned about subsequent children having the disease. What statement most accurately reflects inheritance of SCA? a. SCA is not inherited. b. All siblings will have SCA. c. Each sibling has a 25% chance of having SCA. d. There is a 50% chance of siblings having SCA.

The parents of an infant with cerebral palsy (CP) ask the nurse if their child will have cognitive impairment. The nurse's response should be based on which knowledge? a. Affected children have some degree of cognitive impairment. b. Around 20% of affected children have normal intelligence. c. About 45% of affected children have normal intelligence. d. Cognitive impairment is expected if motor and sensory deficits are severe.

The practitioner has ordered a liquid oral antibiotic for a toddler with otitis media. The prescription reads 1 1/2 tsp four times per day. What should the nurse consider in teaching the mother how to give the medicine? a. A measuring spoon should be used, and the medication must be given every 6 hours. b. The mother is not able to handle this regimen. Long-acting intramuscular antibiotics should be administered. c. A hollow-handled medication spoon is advisable, and the medication should be equally spaced while the child is awake. d. A household teaspoon should be used and the medicine given when the child wakes up, around lunch time, at dinner time, and before bed.

What condition is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children? a. Pyelonephritis b. Tubular destruction c. Severe dehydration d. Upper tract obstruction

What description identifies the pathophysiology of leukemia? a. Increased blood viscosity b. Abnormal stimulation of the first stage of coagulation process c. Unrestricted proliferation of immature white blood cells (WBCs) d. Thrombocytopenia from an excessive destruction of platelets

What factor predisposes an infant to fluid imbalances? a. Decreased surface area b. Lower metabolic rate c. Immature kidney functioning d. Decreased daily exchange of extracellular fluid

What goal is most important when caring for a child with anorexia nervosa (AN)? a. Limit fluid intake. b. Prevent depression. c. Correct malnutrition. d. Encourage weight gain.

What intervention is most appropriate for fostering the development of a school-age child with disabilities associated with cerebral palsy? a. Provide sensory experiences. b. Help develop abstract thinking. c. Encourage socialization with peers. d. Give choices to allow for feeling of control.

What is a significant common side effect that occurs with opioid administration? a. Euphoria b. Diuresis c. Constipation d. Allergic reactions

What is an important nursing consideration when a child is hospitalized for chelation therapy to treat lead poisoning? a. Maintain bed rest. b. Maintain isolation precautions. c. Keep an accurate record of intake and output. d. Institute measures to prevent skeletal fracture.

What is an important priority in dealing with the child suspected of having Wilms tumor? a. Intervening to minimize bleeding b. Monitoring temperature for infection c. Ensuring the abdomen is protected from palpation d. Teaching parents how to manage the parenteral nutrition

What is the primary method of treating osteomyelitis? a. Joint replacement b. Bracing and casting c. Intravenous antibiotic therapy d. Long-term corticosteroid therapy

What most accurately describes bowel function in children born with a myelomeningocele? a. Incontinence cannot be prevented. b. Enemas and laxatives are contraindicated. c. Some degree of fecal continence can usually be achieved. d. Colostomy is usually required by the time the child reaches adolescence.

What nursing intervention is most appropriate when caring for the child with osteomyelitis? a. Encourage frequent ambulation. b. Administer antibiotics with meals. c. Move and turn the child carefully and gently to minimize pain. d. Provide active range of motion exercises for the affected extremity.

What term is used to describe an abnormally increased convex angulation in the curvature of the thoracic spine? a. Scoliosis b. Lordosis c. Kyphosis d. Ankylosis

What term refers to seizures that involve both hemispheres of the brain? a. Absence b. Acquired c. Generalized d. Complex partial

When caring for a neonate in a radiant warmer, what should the nurse be alert to? a. Exposure to prolonged cold stress b. Need for Plexiglas shields to protect the infant c. Transepidermal water loss leading to dehydration d. Increased risk of infection from the open environment

When does idiopathic scoliosis become most noticeable? a. In the newborn period b. When the child starts to walk c. During the preadolescent growth spurt d. During adolescence

When doing a nutritional assessment on a Hispanic family, the nurse learns that their diet consists mainly of vegetables, legumes, and starches. The nurse should recognize that this diet is which? a. Lacking in protein b. Indicating they live in poverty c. Providing sufficient amino acids d. Needing enrichment with meat and milk

The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to parents of a 6-month-old on preventing an accidental poisoning injury. Which should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) a. Place plants on the floor. b. Place medications in a cupboard. c. Discard used containers of poisonous substances. d. Keep cosmetic and personal products out of the child's reach. e. Make sure that paint for furniture or toys does not contain lead.

C, D, E

The nurse is teaching a parent of an 18-month-old about developmental milestones associated with feeding. What should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) a. The child will begin to use a fork. b. The child will be able use a straw and cup. c. The child will be able to hold a cup with both hands. d. The child will be able to drink from a cup with a lid. e. The child will begin to use a spoon but may turn it before reaching the mouth.

C, D, E

The nurse is teaching parents about high-fiber foods that can prevent constipation. What foods should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) a. Oranges b. Bananas c. Lima beans d. Baked beans e. Raisin bran cereal

C, D, E

A 12-year-old boy is in the final phase of dying from leukemia. He tells the nurse who is giving him opiates for pain that his grandfather is waiting for him. How should the nurse interpret this situation? a. The boy is experiencing side effects of the opiates. b. The boy is making an attempt to comfort his parents. c. He is experiencing hallucinations resulting from brain anoxia. d. He is demonstrating readiness and acceptance that death is near.

A 23-month-old child is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of meningitis. She is lethargic and very irritable with a temperature of 102° F. What should the nurse's care plan include? a. Observing the child's voluntary movement b. Checking the Babinski reflex every 4 hours c. Checking the Brudzinski reflex every 1 hour d. Assessing the level of consciousness (LOC) and vital signs every 2 hours

A 4-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department. She has a "froglike" croaking sound on inspiration, is agitated, and is drooling. She insists on sitting upright. The nurse should intervene in which manner? a. Make her lie down and rest quietly. b. Examine her oral pharynx and report to the physician. c. Auscultate her lungs and prepare for placement in a mist tent. d. Notify the physician immediately and be prepared to assist with a tracheostomy or intubation.

A 6-year-old child is in the hospital for status asthmaticus. Nursing care during this acute period includes which prescribed interventions? a. Prednisolone (Pediapred) PO every day, IV fluids, cromolyn (Intal) inhaler bid b. Salmeterol (Serevent) PO bid, vital signs every 4 hours, spot check pulse oximetry c. Triamcinolone (Azmacort) inhaler bid, continuous pulse oximetry, vital signs once a shift d. Methylprednisolone (Solumedrol) IV every 12 hours, continuous pulse oximetry, albuterol nebulizer treatments every 4 hours and prn

A child with acetaminophen (Tylenol) poisoning has been admitted to the emergency department. What antidote does the nurse anticipate being prescribed? a. Carnitine (Carnitor) b. Fomepizole (Antizol) c. Deferoxamine (Desferal) d. N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

A child with acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) poisoning is being admitted to the emergency department. What early clinical manifestation does the nurse expect to assess on this child? a. Hematemesis b. Hematochezia c. Hyperglycemia d. Hyperventilation

A child with hemophilia A will have which abnormal laboratory result? a. PT (ProTime) b. Platelet count c. Fibrinogen level d. PTT (partial thromboplastin time)

A child with pyloric stenosis is having excessive vomiting. The nurse should assess forwhat potential complication? a. Hyperkalemia b. Hyperchloremia c. Metabolic acidosis d. Metabolic alkalosis

A family requires home care teaching with regard to preventative measures to use at home to avoid an asthmatic episode. What strategy should the nurse teach? a. Use a humidifier in the child's room. b. Launder bedding daily in cold water. c. Replace wood flooring with carpet. d. Use an indoor air purifier with HEPA filter.

A mother tells the nurse that she doesn't want her infant immunized because of the discomfort associated with injections. What should the nurse explain? a. This cannot be prevented. b. Infants do not feel pain as adults do. c. This is not a good reason for refusing immunizations. d. A topical anesthetic can be applied before injections are given.

A preschool child has asthma, and a goal is to extend expiratory time and increase expiratory effectiveness. What action should the nurse implement to meet this goal? a. Encourage increased fluid intake. b. Recommend increased use of a budesonide (Pulmicort) inhaler. c. Administer an antitussive to suppress coughing. d. Encourage the child to blow a pinwheel every 6 hours while awake.

A quantitative sweat chloride test has been done on an 8-month-old child. What value should be indicative of cystic fibrosis (CF)? a. Less than 18 mEq/L b. 18 to 40 mEq/L c. 40 to 60 mEq/L d. Greater than 60 mEq/L

A school-age child with cystic fibrosis takes four enzyme capsules with meals. The child is having four or five bowel movements per day. The nurse's action in regard to the pancreatic enzymes is based on the knowledge that the dosage is what? a. Adequate b. Adequate but should be taken between meals c. Needs to be increased to increase the number of bowel movements per day d. Needs to be increased to decrease the number of bowel movements per day

A woman who is 6 weeks pregnant tells the nurse that she is worried that, even though she is taking folic acid supplements, the baby might have spina bifida because of a family history. The nurse's response should be based on what? a. Prenatal detection is not possible yet. b. There is no genetic basis for the defect. c. Chromosome studies done on amniotic fluid can diagnose the defect prenatally. d. Open neural tube defects (NTDs) result in elevated concentrations of a-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid.

A young boy is found squirting lighter fluid into his mouth. His father calls the emergency department. The nurse taking the call should know that the primary danger is what? a. Hepatic dysfunction b. Dehydration secondary to vomiting c. Esophageal stricture and shock d. Bronchitis and chemical pneumonia

An 8-year-old girl with moderate cerebral palsy (CP) recently began joining a regular classroom for part of the day. Her mother asks the school nurse about joining the after-school Girl Scout troop. The nurse's response should be based on which knowledge? a. Most activities such as Girl Scouts cannot be adapted for children with CP. b. After-school activities usually result in extreme fatigue for children with CP. c. Trying to participate in activities such as Girl Scouts leads to lowered self-esteem in children with CP. d. Recreational activities often provide children with CP with opportunities for socialization and recreation.

An infant has been diagnosed with bladder obstruction. What do symptoms of this disorder include? a. Renal colic b. Strong urinary stream c. Urinary tract infections d. Posturination dribbling

Bacterial infective endocarditis (IE) should be treated with which protocol? a. Oral antibiotics for 6 months b. Oral antibiotics (penicillin) for 10 full days c. IV antibiotics, diuretics, and digoxin d. IV antibiotics (penicillin type) for 2 to 8 weeks

Cystic fibrosis (CF) may affect single or multiple systems of the body. What is the primary factor responsible for possible multiple clinical manifestations in CF? a. Hyperactivity of sweat glands b. Hypoactivity of autonomic nervous system c. Atrophic changes in mucosal wall of intestines d. Mechanical obstruction caused by increased viscosity of mucous gland secretions

For minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), prednisone is effective when what occurs? a. Appetite increases and blood pressure is normal b. Urinary tract infection is gone and edema subsides c. Generalized edema subsides and blood pressure is normal d. Diuresis occurs as urinary protein excretion diminishes

It is important that a child with acute streptococcal pharyngitis be treated with antibiotics to prevent which condition? a. Otitis media b. Diabetes insipidus (DI) c. Nephrotic syndrome d. Acute rheumatic fever

It is important that a child with acute streptococcal pharyngitis be treated with antibiotics to prevent which condition?a. Otitis mediab. Diabetes insipidus (DI)c. Nephrotic syndromed. Acute rheumatic fever

Neuropathic bladder disorders are common among children with which disorder? a. Plagiocephaly b. Meningocele c. Craniosynostosis d. Myelomeningocele

Pancreatic enzymes are administered to the child with cystic fibrosis. What nursing consideration should be included in the plan of care? a. Give pancreatic enzymes between meals if at all possible. b. Do not administer pancreatic enzymes if the child is receiving antibiotics. c. Decrease the dose of pancreatic enzymes if the child is having frequent, bulky stools. d. Pancreatic enzymes can be swallowed whole or sprinkled on a small amount of food taken at the beginning of a meal.

Parents ask the nurse if there was something that should have been done during the pregnancy to prevent their child's cleft lip. Which statement should the nurse give as a response? a. "This is a type of deformation and can sometimes be prevented." b. "Studies show that taking folic acid during pregnancy can prevent this defect." c. "This is a genetic disorder and has a 25% chance of happening with each pregnancy." d. "The malformation occurs at approximately 5 weeks of gestation; there is no known way to prevent this."

Postoperative positioning for a child who has had a medulloblastoma brain tumor (infratentorial) removed should be which? a. Trendelenburg b. Head of bed elevated above heart level c. Flat on operative side with pillows behind the head d. Flat, on either side with pillows behind the back

The mother of a 1-month-old infant tells the nurse she worries that her baby will get meningitis like the child's younger brother had when he was an infant. The nurse should base a response on which information? a. Meningitis rarely occurs during infancy. b. Often a genetic predisposition to meningitis is found. c. Vaccination to prevent all types of meningitis is now available. d. Vaccinations to prevent pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae type B meningitis are available.

The nurse is caring for a child with hemophilia A. The child's activity is as tolerated. What activity is contraindicated for this child? a. Ambulating to the cafeteria b. Active range of motion c. Ambulating to the playroom d. Passive range of motion exercises

The nurse is helping parents achieve a more nutritionally adequate vegetarian diet for their children. Which is most likely lacking in their particular diet? a. Fat b. Protein c. Vitamins C and A d. Iron and calcium

The nurse is preparing a community outreach program about the prevention of iron-deficiency anemia in infants. What statement should the nurse include in the program? a. Whole milk can be introduced into the infant's diet in small amounts at 6 months. b. Iron supplements cannot be given until the infant is older than 1 year of age. c. Iron-fortified cereal should be introduced to the infant at 2 months of age. d. Breast milk or iron-fortified formula should be used for the first 12 months.

The nurse should instruct parents to administer a daily proton pump inhibitor to their child with gastroesophageal reflux at which time? a. Bedtime b. With a meal c. Midmorning d. 30 minutes before breakfast

What drug is usually given first in the emergency treatment of an acute, severe asthma episode in a young child? a. Ephedrine b. Theophylline c. Aminophylline d. Short-acting b2-agonists

What finding is the most reliable guide to the adequacy of fluid replacement for a small child with burns? a. Absence of thirst b. Falling hematocrit c. Increased seepage from burn wound d. Urinary output of 1 to 2 ml/kg of body weight/hr

What is a characteristic of most neonatal seizures? a. Clonic b. Generalized c. Well organized d. Subtle and barely discernible

What is a major goal of therapy for children with cerebral palsy (CP)? a. Cure the underlying defect causing the disorder. b. Reverse the degenerative processes that have occurred. c. Prevent the spread to individuals in close contact with the child. d. Recognize the disorder early and promote optimum development.

What is probably the most important criterion on which to base the decision to report suspected child abuse? a. Inappropriate response of child b. Inappropriate parental concern for the degree of injury c. Absence of parents for questioning about child's injuries d. Incompatibility between the history and injury observed

What is the most common cause of cerebral palsy (CP)? a. Central nervous system (CNS) diseases b. Birth asphyxia c. Cerebral trauma d. Neonatal encephalopathy

What nutritional component should be altered in the infant with heart failure (HF)? a. Decrease in fats b. Increase in fluids c. Decrease in protein d. Increase in calories

What physiologic state(s) produces the clinical manifestations of nervous system stimulation and excitement, such as overexcitability, nervousness, and tetany? a. Metabolic acidosis b. Respiratory alkalosis c. Metabolic and respiratory acidosis d. Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis

What recommendation should the nurse make to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in young girls? a. Avoid public toilet facilities. b. Limit long baths as much as possible. c. Cleanse the perineum with water after voiding. d. Ensure clear liquid intake of 2 L/day.

What refers to a hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst of meninges, spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord with its nerves through a defect in the vertebral column? a. Rachischisis b. Meningocele c. Encephalocele d. Myelomeningocele

What term describes invagination of one segment of bowel within another? a. Atresia b. Stenosis c. Herniation d. Intussusception

What type of shock is characterized by a hypersensitivity reaction causing massive vasodilation and capillary leaks, which may occur with drug or latex allergy? a. Neurogenic shock b. Cardiogenic shock c. Hypovolemic shock d. Anaphylactic shock

When caring for the child with Kawasaki disease, what should the nurse know to provide safe and effective care? a. Aspirin is contraindicated. b. The principal area of involvement is the joints. c. The child's fever is usually responsive to antibiotics within 48 hours. d. Therapeutic management includes administration of gamma globulin and salicylates.

When only one child is abused in a family, the abuse is usually a result of what? a. The child is the firstborn. b. The child is the same gender as the abusing parent. c. The parent abuses the child to avoid showing favoritism. d. The parent is unable to deal with the child's behavioral style.

The nurse is preparing a staff education program about pediatric asthma. What concepts should the nurse include when discussing the asthma severity classification system? (Select all that apply.) a. Children with mild persistent asthma have nighttime signs or symptoms less than two times a month. b.Children with moderate persistent asthma use a short-acting b-agonist more than two times per week. c. Children with severe persistent asthma have a peak expiratory flow (PEF) of 60% to 80% of predicted value. d. Children with mild persistent asthma have signs or symptoms more than two times per week. e. Children with moderate persistent asthma have some limitations with normal activity. f. Children with severe persistent asthma have frequent nighttime signs or symptoms.

D, E, F

A health care provider prescribes acetaminophen (Tylenol) gtt, 10 mg/kg/dose PO every 4 to 6 hours as needed for fever for a child with rheumatic fever. The child weighs 8 kg. The medication label states: "Acetaminophen 80 mg/0.8 ml." The nurse prepares to administer one dose. How many milliliters will the nurse prepare to administer one dose? Fill in the blank. Record your answer to one decimal place.

0.8

A health care provider prescribes morphine sulfate, 0.2 mg/kg IV every 2 to 4 hours as needed for pain for a child with sickle cell disease. The child weighs 20 kg. The medication label states: "Morphine sulfate 5 mg/ml." The nurse prepares to administer one dose. How many milliliters will the nurse prepare to administer one dose? Fill in the blank. Record your answer using one decimal place. ________________

0.8

A nurse is planning care for a child with hyponatremia. The nurse, delegating care of this child to a new RN on the pediatric unit, cautions the new nurse to be especially alert for which condition in the child? 1. Seizures 2. Bradycardia 3. Respiratory distress 4. Hyperthermia

1. Seizures

A health care provider prescribes OxyContin (Oxycodone), 7.5 mg PO every 4 to 6 hours as needed for pain for a child with sickle cell disease. The medication label states: "OxyContin 5 mg/1 ml." The nurse prepares to administer one dose. How many milliliters will the nurse prepare to administer one dose? Fill in the blank. Record your answer using one decimal place. ________________

1.5

The health care provider has prescribed oxybutynin (Ditropan) 0.2 mg/kg/day divided bid for a child with myelomeningocele. The child weighs 33 lb. The nurse is preparing to administer the 0900 dose. Calculate the dose the nurse should administer in milligrams. Record your answer below using one decimal place.

1.5

A health care provider prescribes ondansetron (Zofran) 0.15 mg/kg intravenously (IV) 30 minutes before chemotherapy for a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The child weighs 22 kg. The medication label states: "Ondansetron (Zofran) 2 mg/1 ml." The nurse prepares to administer the dose. How many milliliters will the nurse prepare to administer the dose? Fill in the blank. Round your answer to one decimal place.

1.7

The health care provider has prescribed valproic acid (Depakene) 30 mg/kg/day divided bid for a child with cerebral palsy having seizures. The child weighs 22 lb. The nurse is preparing to administer the 0900 dose. Calculate the dose the nurse should administer in milligrams. Record your answer below in a whole number.

165

The child with sickle cell disease requires 150% of the 24-hour fluid maintenance. Calculate the 24-hour maintenance fluid requirement (ml/day) for a child with sickle cell disease weighing 12 kg. Fill in the blank. Record your answer in a whole number.__________________

1650

A health care provider prescribes flumazenil (Romazion), 0.2 mg IV once, stat for a benzodiazepine poisoning. The medication label states: "Flumazenil (Romazion), 1 mg/10 ml." The nurse prepares to administer the dose. How many milliliters will the nurse prepare to administer one dose? Fill in the blank. Record your answer in a whole number

A nurse is planning care for a child with hyperkalemia. Which clinical manifestation will the nurse plan to assessment this child for based on the diagnosis? 1. Seizures 2. Bradycardia 3. Respiratory distress 4. Hyperthermia

2. Bradycardia

A health care provider prescribes Osmitrol (mannitol) 0.25 g/kg intravenously (IV) every 6 hours for a child after a brain tumor removal. The child weighs 20 kg. The medication label states: "Osmitrol (Mannitol) 250 mg/1 ml." The nurse prepares to administer the dose. How many milliliters will the nurse prepare to administer the dose? Fill in the blank. Record your answer in a whole number.

The health care provider has prescribed carbamazepine (Tegretol) 20 mg/kg/day divided bid for a child with cerebral palsy having seizures. The child weighs 44 lb. The nurse is preparing to administer the 0900 dose. Calculate the dose the nurse should administer in milligrams. Record your answer below in a whole number.

200

The health care provider prescribes ceftazidime (Fortaz) 75 mg per intravenous piggy back (IVPB) every 8 hours for a child with cystic fibrosis. The pharmacy sends the medication to the unit in a 100-ml bag with directions to run the medication over 30 minutes. What milliliters per hour will the nurse set the intravenous pump to run the medication over 30 minutes? Fill in the blank and record your answer in a whole number. _____________

200

The nurse is calculating the amount of expected urinary output for a 24-hour period on a child with bacterial pneumonia who weighs 22 lb. The nurse recognizes the formula to be used is 1 ml/kg/hr. What is the expected 24-hour urinary output for this child in milliliters? Record your answer below in a whole number.

240

A health care provider prescribes ibuprofen (Motrin), 5 mg/kg PO every 6 to 8 hours as needed for pain for a child with sickle cell disease. The child weighs 16 kg. The medication label states: "Ibuprofen 100 mg/5 ml." The nurse prepares to administer one dose. How many milliliters will the nurse prepare to administer one dose? Fill in the blank. Record your answer in a whole number.

The health care provider has prescribed gabapentin (Neurontin) 30 mg/kg/day divided q 8 hours for a child with cerebral palsy having seizures. The child weighs 110 lb. The nurse is preparing to administer the 1200 dose. Calculate the dose the nurse should administer in milligrams. Record your answer below in a whole number.

500

A health care provider prescribes hydroxyzine (Atarax), 0.6 mg/kg PO every 4 to 6 hours as needed for pruritus for a child with Kawasaki disease. The medication label states: "Hydroxyzine 10 mg/5 ml." The child weighs 20 kg. The nurse prepares to administer one dose. How many milliliters will the nurse prepare to administer one dose? Fill in the blank. Record your answer in a whole number.

The health care provider has prescribed famotidine (Pepcid) 1 mg/kg/day divided bid for a child with gastroesophageal reflux disease. The child weighs 33 lb. The nurse is preparing to administer the 0900 dose. Calculate the dose the nurse should administer in milligrams. Record your answer using one decimal place.

7.5

The health care provider prescribes vancomycin 200 mg per intravenous piggy back (IVPB) every 6 hours for a child with cystic fibrosis. The pharmacy sends the medication to the unit in a 150-ml bag with directions to run the medication over 120 minutes. What milliliters per hour will the nurse set the intravenous pump to run the medication over 120 minutes? Fill in the blank and record your answer in a whole number.

The health care provider has prescribed a unit of packed red blood cells to be administered over 3 hours to a child with sickle cell disease. The unit from the blood bank totals 240 ml. What milliliters per hour should the nurse set the infusion pump to deliver the packed red blood cells? Fill in the blank and record your answer in a whole number.

A 1-year-old child has acute otitis media (AOM) and is being treated with oral antibiotics. What should the nurse include in the discharge teaching to the infant's parents? a. A follow-up visit should be done after all medicine has been given. b. After an episode of acute otitis media, hearing loss usually occurs. c. Tylenol should not be given because it may mask symptoms. d. The infant will probably need a myringotomy procedure and tubes.

A 17-year-old patient is returning to the surgical unit after Luque instrumentation for scoliosis repair. In addition to the usual postoperative care, what additional intervention will be needed? a. Position changes are made by log rolling. b. Assistance is needed to use the bathroom. c. The head of the bed is elevated to minimize spinal headache. d. Passive range of motion is instituted to prevent neurologic injury.

A 2-year-old child has a chronic history of constipation and is brought to the clinic for evaluation. What should the therapeutic plan initially include? a. Bowel cleansing b. Dietary modification c. Structured toilet training d. Behavior modification

A 4-month-old infant comes to the clinic for a well-infant checkup. Immunizations she should receive are DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis) and IPV (inactivated poliovirus vaccine). She is recovering from a cold but is otherwise healthy and afebrile. Her older sister has cancer and is receiving chemotherapy. Nursing considerations should include which? a. DTaP and IPV can be safely given. b. DTaP and IPV are contraindicated because she has a cold. c. IPV is contraindicated because her sister is immunocompromised. d. DTaP and IPV are contraindicated because her sister is immunocompromised.

A 5-year-old child is admitted to the hospital in a sickle cell crisis. The child has been alert and oriented but in severe pain. The nurse notes that the child is complaining of a headache and is having unilateral hemiplegia. What action should the nurse implement? a. Notify the health care provider. b. Place the child on bed rest. c. Administer a dose of hydrocodone (Vicodin). d. Start O2

A 5-year-old child is admitted with bacterial pneumonia. What signs and symptoms should the nurse expect to assess with this disease process? a. Fever, cough, and chest pain b. Stridor, wheezing, and ear infection c. Nasal discharge, headache, and cough d. Pharyngitis, intermittent fever, and eye infection

A 7-year-old child with acute diarrhea has been rehydrated with oral rehydration solution (ORS). The nurse should recommend that the child's diet be advanced to what kind of diet? a. Regular diet b. Clear liquids c. High carbohydrate diet d. BRAT (bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast or tea) diet

A child develops syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) as a complication to meningitis. What action should be verified before implementing? a. Forcing fluids b. Daily weights with strict input and output (I and O) c. Strict monitoring of urine volume and specific gravity d. Close observation for signs of increasing cerebral edema

A child has a chronic cough and diffuse wheezing during the expiratory phase of respiration. This suggests what condition? a. Asthma b. Pneumonia c. Bronchiolitis d. Foreign body in trachea

A child is admitted for revision of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt for noncommunicating hydrocephalus. What is a common reason for elective revision of this shunt? a. Meningitis b. Gastrointestinal upset c. Hydrocephalus resolution d. Growth of the child since the initial shunting

A child with asthma is having pulmonary function tests. What rationale explains the purpose of the peak expiratory flow rate? a. To assess severity of asthma b. To determine cause of asthma c. To identify "triggers" of asthma d. To confirm diagnosis of asthma

A child with hemophilia A is scheduled for surgery. What precautions should the nurse institute with this child? a. Handle the child gently when transferring to a cart. b. Caution the child not to brush his teeth before surgery. c. Use tape sparingly on postoperative dressings. d. Do not administer analgesics before surgery.

A child with hypoparathyroidism is receiving vitamin D therapy. The parents should be advised to watch for which signs or symptoms of vitamin D toxicity? a. Headache and seizures b. Weakness and lassitude c. Anorexia and insomnia d. Physical restlessness, voracious appetite without weight gain

A lumbar puncture (LP) is being done on an infant with suspected meningitis. The nurse expects which results for the cerebrospinal fluid that can confirm the diagnosis of meningitis? a. WBCs; ̄glucose b. RBCs; normal WBCs c. glucose; normal RBCs d. Normal RBCs; normal glucose

A school-age child is admitted in vasoocclusive sickle cell crisis (pain episode). The child's care should include which therapeutic interventions? a. Hydration and pain management b. Oxygenation and factor VIII replacement c. Electrolyte replacement and administration of heparin d. Correction of alkalosis and reduction of energy expenditure

A student athlete was injured during a basketball game. The nurse observes significant swelling. The player states he thought he "heard a pop," that the pain is "pretty bad," and that the ankle feels "as if it is coming apart." Based on this description, the nurse suspects what injury? a. Sprain b. Fracture c. Dislocation d. Stress fracture

A young child with leukemia has anorexia and severe stomatitis. What approach should the nurse suggest that the parents try? a. Relax any eating pressures. b. Firmly insist that the child eat normally. c. Serve foods that are either hot or cold. d. Provide only liquids because chewing is painful.

After chemotherapy is begun for a child with acute leukemia, prophylaxis to prevent acute tumor lysis syndrome includes which therapeutic intervention? a. Hydration b. Oxygenation c. Corticosteroids d. Pain management

After surgery yesterday for gastroesophageal reflux, the nurse finds that the infant has somehow removed the nasogastric (NG) tube. What nursing action is most appropriate to perform at this time? a. Notify the practitioner. b. Insert the NG tube so feedings can be given. c. Replace the NG tube to maintain gastric decompression. d. Leave the NG tube out because it has probably been in long enough.

An 18-month-old child is seen in the clinic with otitis media (OM). Oral amoxicillin is prescribed. What instructions should be given to the parent? a. Administer all of the prescribed medication. b. Continue medication until all symptoms subside. c. Immediately stop giving medication if hearing loss develops. d. Stop giving medication and come to the clinic if fever is still present in 24 hours.

An infant has been diagnosed with an allergy to milk. In teaching the parent how to meet the infant's nutritional needs, the nurse states that a. Most children will grow out of the allergy. b. All dairy products must be eliminated from the child's diet. c. It is important to have the entire family follow the special diet. d. Antihistamines can be used so the child can have milk products.

An infant has been diagnosed with staphylococcal pneumonia. Nursing care of the child with pneumonia includes which intervention? a. Administration of antibiotics b. Frequent complete assessment of the infant c. Round-the-clock administration of antitussive agents d. Strict monitoring of intake and output to avoid congestive heart failure

An infant's parents ask the nurse about preventing otitis media (OM). What information should be provided? a. Avoid tobacco smoke. b. Use nasal decongestants. c. Avoid children with OM. d. Bottle- or breastfeed in a supine position.

Nursing care of the child with Kawasaki disease is challenging because of which occurrence? a. The child's irritability b. Predictable disease course c. Complex antibiotic therapy d. The child's ongoing requests for food

Parents tell the nurse that their toddler eats little at mealtime, only sits at the table with the family briefly, and wants snacks "all the time." What should the nurse recommend? a. Give her nutritious snacks. b. Offer rewards for eating at mealtimes. c. Avoid snacks so she is hungry at mealtimes. d. Explain to her in a firm manner what is expected of her.

Surgery is performed on a child to correct cryptorchidism. The parents understand the reason for the surgery if they tell the nurse this was done to do what? a. "Prevent damage to the undescended testicle." b. "Prevent urinary tract infections." c. "Prevent prostate cancer." d. "Prevent an inguinal hernia."

The nurse is caring for a 10-year-old child who has an acute head injury, has a pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale score of 9, and is unconscious. What intervention should the nurse include in the child's care plan? a. Elevate the head of the bed 15 to 30 degrees with the head maintained in midline. b. Maintain an active, stimulating environment. c. Perform chest percussion and suctioning every 1 to 2 hours. d. Perform active range of motion and non therapeutic touch every 8 hours.

The nurse is caring for a neonate born with a myelomeningocele. Surgery to repair the defect is scheduled the next day. What is the most appropriate way to position and feed this neonate? a. Prone with the head turned to the side b. On the side c. Supine in an infant carrier d. Supine, with defect supported with rolled blankets

The nurse is planning care for a school-age child with bacterial meningitis. What intervention should be included? a. Keep environmental stimuli to a minimum. b. Have the child move her head from side to side at least every 2 hours. c. Avoid giving pain medications that could dull sensorium. d. Measure head circumference to assess developing complications.

The nurse is talking to a group of parents of school-age children at an after-school program about childhood health problems. Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching? a. Childhood obesity is the most common nutritional problem among children. b. Immunization rates are the same among children of different races and ethnicity. c. Dental caries is not a problem commonly seen in children since the introduction of fluoridated water. d. Mental health problems are typically not seen in school-age children but may be diagnosed in adolescents.

The nurse is teaching the family of an infant with cerebral palsy how to administer a diazepam (Valium) pill by gastrostomy tube. What should the nurse include in the teaching session? a. The pill should be crushed and mixed with a small amount of water. b. The pill should be crushed and mixed with the infant's formula. c. After administering the medication, flush the tube with air. d. Before administering the medication, check the placement of the tube.

The nurse should expect to care for which age of child if the admitting diagnosis is retinoblastoma? a. Infant or toddler b. Preschool- or school-age child c. School-age or adolescent child d. Adolescent

The parent of 16-month-old child asks, "What is the best way to keep my child from getting into our medicines at home?" What should the nurse advise? a. "All medicines should be locked securely away." b. "The medicines should be placed in high cabinets." c. "Your child just needs to be taught not to touch medicines." d. "Medicines should not be kept in the homes of small children."

The parent of a child with cystic fibrosis (CF) calls the clinic nurse to report that the child has developed tachypnea, tachycardia, dyspnea, pallor, and cyanosis. The nurse should tell the parent to bring the child to the clinic because these signs and symptoms are suggestive of what condition? a. Pneumothorax b. Bronchodilation c. Carbon dioxide retention d. Increased viscosity of sputum

The parents of a 3-month-old infant report that their infant sleeps supine (face up) but is often prone (face down) while awake. The nurse's response should be based on remembering what? a. This is acceptable to encourage head control and turning over. b. This is acceptable to encourage fine motor development. c. This is unacceptable because of the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). d. This is unacceptable because it does not encourage achievement of developmental milestones.

What are the most common clinical manifestations of brain tumors in children? a. Headaches and vomiting b. Blurred vision and ataxia c. Hydrocephalus and clumsy gait d. Fever and poor fine motor control

What condition is the leading cause of chronic illness in children? a. Asthma b. Pertussis c. Tuberculosis d. Cystic fibrosis

What does the nursing care for infants with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) include? a. Nutritional guidance b. An intensive stimulation program c. Facilitation of improvement in cardiovascular status d. An individualized program based on maternal alcohol consumption

What is a major goal for the therapeutic management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)? a. Control pain and preserve joint function. b. Minimize use of joint and achieve cure. c. Prevent skin breakdown and relieve symptoms. d. Reduce joint discomfort and regain proper alignment.

What is an important nursing intervention for a full-term infant receiving phototherapy? a. Observing for signs of dehydration b. Using sunscreen to protect the infant's skin c. Keeping the infant diapered to collect frequent stools d. Informing the mother why breastfeeding must be discontinued

What is descriptive of the nutritional requirements of preschool children? a. The quality of the food consumed is more important than the quantity. b. The average daily intake of preschoolers should be about 3000 calories. c. Nutritional requirements for preschoolers are very different from requirements for toddlers. d. Requirements for calories per unit of body weight increase slightly during the preschool period.

What is the earliest recognizable clinical manifestation(s) of cystic fibrosis (CF)? a. Meconium ileus b. History of poor intestinal absorption c. Foul-smelling, frothy, greasy stools d. Recurrent pneumonia and lung infections

What is the purpose in using cimetidine (Tagamet) for gastroesophageal reflux? a. The medication reduces gastric acid secretion. b. The medication neutralizes the acid in the stomach. c. The medication increases the rate of gastric emptying time. d. The medication coats the lining of the stomach and esophagus.

What name is given to inflammation of the bladder? a. Cystitis b. Urethritis c. Urosepsis d. Bacteriuria

What sign is one of the first to indicate overwhelming sepsis in a child with burn injuries? a. Seizures b. Bradycardia c. Disorientation d. Decreased blood pressure

What statement best describes Hirschsprung disease? a. The colon has an aganglionic segment. b. It results in frequent evacuation of solids, liquid, and gas. c. The neonate passes excessive amounts of meconium. d. It results in excessive peristaltic movements within the gastrointestinal tract.

What tests aid in the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF)? a. Sweat test, stool for fat, chest radiography b. Sweat test, bronchoscopy, duodenal fluid analysis c. Sweat test, stool for trypsin, biopsy of intestinal mucosa d. Stool for fat, gastric contents for hydrochloride, radiography

What urine test result is considered abnormal? a. pH 4.0 b. WBC 1 or 2 cells/ml c. Protein level absent d. Specific gravity 1.020

Which statement is true concerning the nutritional needs of preterm infants? a. The secretion of lactase is low. b. Carbohydrates and fats are better tolerated than protein. c. The demand for nutrients is less than in full-term infants. d. Breast milk lacks the proper concentration of nutrients.

The nurse is conducting a teaching session for parents on nutrition. Which characteristics of families should the nurse consider that can cause families to struggle in providing adequate nutrition? (Select all that apply.) a. Homelessness b. Lower income c. Migrant status d. Working parents e. Single parent status

A, B, C

The nurse is monitoring an infant's temperature to avoid cold stress. The nurse understands that cold stress in the infant can cause which complications? (Select all that apply.) a. Hypoxia b. Hypoglycemia c. Metabolic acidosis d. Respiratory alkalosis e. Increased shivering response

A, B, C

The nurse is teaching parents about the effects of media on childhood obesity. The nurse realizes the parents understand the teaching if they make which statements? (Select all that apply.) a. "Advertising of unhealthy food can increase snacking." b. "Increased screen time may be related to unhealthy sleep." c. "There is a link between the amount of screen time and obesity." d. "Increased screen time can lead to better knowledge of nutrition." e. "Physical activity increases when children increase the amount of screen time."

A, B, C

The nurse is teaching the family with a child with cerebral palsy (CP) strategies to prevent constipation. What should the nurse include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.) a. Increase fluid intake. b. Increase fiber in the diet. c. Administer stool softeners daily as prescribed. d. Increase the amount of dairy products in the diet. e. Allow the child to decide when to try to have a bowel movement.

A, B, C

The nurse is preparing a staff education program about growth and development of an 18-month-old toddler. Which characteristics should the nurse include in the staff education program? (Select all that apply.) a. Eats well with a spoon and cup b. Runs clumsily and can walk up stairs c. Points to common objects d. Builds a tower of three or four blocks e. Has a vocabulary of 300 words f. Dresses self in simple clothes

A, B, C, D

The nurse is preparing to admit a neonate with bacterial meningitis. What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe? (Select all that apply.) a. Jaundice b. Cyanosis c. Poor tone d. Nuchal rigidity e. Poor sucking ability

A, B, C, E

The nurse is preparing to admit an adolescent with bacterial meningitis. What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe? (Select all that apply.) a. Fever b. Chills c. Headache d. Poor tone e. Drowsiness

A, B, C, E

What interventions should the nurse implement to prevent a pressure ulcer in a critically ill child? (Select all that apply.) a. Nutrition consults b. Using skin moisturizers c. Turning the child every 2 hours d. Using plastic disposable underpads e. Using draw sheets to minimize shear

A, B, C, E

An infant with an isolated cleft lip is being bottle fed. Which actions should the nurse plan to implement to assist with the feeding? (Select all that apply.) a. Use an NUK nipple. b. Use cheek support. c. Enlarge the nipple opening. d. Position the infant upright. e. Thicken the formula with rice cereal.

A, B, D

The clinic nurse is administering influenza vaccinations. Which children should not receive the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV)? (Select all that apply.) a. A child with asthma b. A child with diabetes c. A child with hemophilia A d. A child with cancer receiving chemotherapy e. A child with gastroesophageal reflux disease

A, B, D

The nurse is assisting with application of a synthetic cast on a child with a fractured humerus. What are the advantages of a synthetic cast over a plaster of Paris cast? (Select all that apply.) a. Less bulky b. Drying time is faster c. Molds readily to body part d. Permits regular clothing to be worn e. Can be cleaned with small amount of soap and water

A, B, D, E

The nurse is caring for an intubated child on mechanical ventilation. What interventions should the nurse implement to prevent ventilator-assisted pneumonia (VAP)? (Select all that apply.) a. Routine oral hygiene b. Appropriate hand hygiene c. Limit oropharyngeal suctioning of secretions d. Elevating the head of the bed 30 to 45 degrees e. Wearing gloves to handle respiratory secretions

A, B, D, E

The nurse is caring for a child with a urinary tract infection who is on intravenous gentamicin (Garamycin). What interventions should the nurse plan for this child with regard to this medication? (Select all that apply.) a. Encourage fluids. b. Monitor urinary output. c. Monitor sodium serum levels. d. Monitor potassium serum levels. e. Monitor serum peak and trough levels.

A, B, E

The nurse is caring for a child with a urinary tract infection who is on trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim). What side effects of this medication should the nurse teach to the parents and the child? (Select all that apply.) a. Rash b. Urticaria c. Pneumonitis d. Renal toxicity e. Photosensitivity

A, B, E

The nurse is preparing to admit a 6-year-old child with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe? (Select all that apply.) a. Flatulence b. Constipation c. No urge to defecate d. Absence of abdominal pain e. Feeling of incomplete evacuation of the bowel

A, B, E

What are symptoms of abusive head trauma (AHT) in the more severe form that may be present? (Select all that apply.) a. Seizures b. Posturing c. Tachypnea d. Tachycardia e. Altered level of consciousness

A, B, E

What disease processes require airborne precautions? (Select all that apply.) a. Measles b. Varicella c. Pertussis d. Meningitis e. Tuberculosis

A, B, E

What growth and development milestones are expected between the ages of 8 and 9 years? (Select all that apply.) a. Can help with routine household tasks b. Likes the reward system for accomplished tasks c. Uses the telephone for practical purposes d. Chooses friends more selectively e. Goes about home and community freely, alone or with friends f. Enjoys family time and is respectful of parents

A, B, E

In teaching a 16-year-old adolescent who was recently diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), what statements should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) a. "You should use a moisturizer with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 30." b. "You should avoid pregnancy because this can cause a flare-up." c. "You should not receive any immunizations in the future." d. "You may need to be on a low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet." e. "You should expect to lose weight while taking steroids." f. "You may need to modify your daily recreational activities."

A, B, F

The nurse is planning to administer immunizations to a 6-month-old infant. Which interventions should the nurse implement to minimize local reactions from the vaccines? (Select all that apply.) a. Select a needle length of 1 inch. b. Administer in the deltoid muscle. c. Inject the vaccine into the vastus lateralis. d. Draw the vaccine up from a vial with a filter needle. e. Change the needle on the syringe after drawing up the vaccine and before injecting.

A, C

The nurse is teaching parents of a child with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) disease foods that can exacerbate acid reflux. What foods should be included in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.) a. Citrus b. Bananas c. Spicy foods d. Peppermint e. Whole wheat bread

A, C, D

The nurse is preparing to admit a 6-month-old child with gastroesophageal reflux disease. What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe? (Select all that apply.) a. Spitting up b. Bilious vomiting c. Failure to thrive d. Excessive crying e. Respiratory problems

A, C, D, E

The nurse should teach the family that which residual disabilities can occur for a child being treated for a brain tumor? (Select all that apply.) a. Ataxia b. Anorexia c. Dysphagia d. Sensory deficits e. Crania nerve palsies

A, C, D, E

The nurse is caring for a child with meningitis. What acute complications of meningitis should the nurse continuously assess the child for? (Select all that apply.) a. Seizures b. Cerebral palsy c. Cerebral edema d. Hydrocephalus e. Cognitive impairments

A, C, E

Which are signs and symptoms the nurse should assess in the newborn that can indicate an inborn error of metabolism? (Select all that apply.) a. Jaundice b. Strabismus c. Poor feeding d. Acrocyanosis e. Metabolic acidosis

A, C, E

The nurse is caring for a 14-year-old child with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe? (Select all that apply.) a. Arthralgia b. Weight gain c. Polycythemia d. Abdominal pain e. Glomerulonephritis

A, D, E

What activity should the school nurse recommend for a child with hemophilia A? (Select all that apply.) a. Golf b. Soccer c. Rugby d. Jogging e. Swimming

A, D, E

What is most descriptive of the signs observed in neonatal sepsis? a. Seizures b. Sudden hyperthermia c. Decreased urinary output d. Subtle, vague, and nonspecific physical signs

A. Seizures

A 3-year-old child with Hirschsprung disease is hospitalized for surgery. A temporary colostomy will be necessary. How should the nurse prepare this child? a. It is unnecessary because of child's age. b. It is essential because it will be an adjustment. c. Preparation is not needed because the colostomy is temporary. d. Preparation is important because the child needs to deal with negative body image.

A 4-year-old child is placed in Buck extension traction for Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. He is crying with pain as the nurse assesses the skin of his right foot and sees that it is pale with an absence of pulse. What should the nurse do first? a. Reposition the child and notify the practitioner b. Notify the practitioner of the changes noted. c. Give the child medication to relieve the pain. d. Chart the observations and check the extremity again in 15 minutes.

A 4-year-old child is placed in Buck extension traction for Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. He is crying with pain as the nurse assesses the skin of his right foot and sees that it is pale with an absence of pulse. What should the nurse do first? a. Reposition the child and notify the practitioner. b. Notify the practitioner of the changes noted. c. Give the child medication to relieve the pain. d. Chart the observations and check the extremity again in 15 minutes.

A 5-year-old child is being prepared for surgery to remove a brain tumor. Preparation for surgery should be based on which information? a. Removal of the tumor will stop the various signs and symptoms. b. Usually the postoperative dressing covers the entire scalp. c. He is not old enough to be concerned about his head being shaved. d. He is not old enough to understand the significance of the brain.

A 5-year-old child will be starting kindergarten next month. She has cerebral palsy, and it has been determined that she needs to be in a special education classroom. Her parents are tearful when telling the nurse about this and state that they did not realize her disability was so severe. What is the best interpretation of this situation? a. This is a sign the parents are in denial. b. This is a normal anticipated time of parental stress. c. The parents need to learn more about cerebral palsy. d. The parents' expectations are too high.

A 6-month-old infant with Hirschsprung disease is scheduled for a temporary colostomy. What should postoperative teaching to the parents include? a. Dilating the stoma b. Assessing bowel function c. Limitation of physical activities d. Measures to prevent prolapse of the rectum

A 7-year-old child has just had a cast applied for a fractured arm with the wrist and elbow immobilized. What information should be included in the home care instructions? a. No restrictions of activity are indicated. b. Elevate casted arm when both upright and resting. c. The shoulder should be kept as immobile as possible to avoid pain. d. Swelling of the fingers is to be expected. Notify a health professional if it persists more than 48 hours.

A child is in the hospital for cystic fibrosis. What health care provider's prescription should the nurse clarify before implementing? a. Dornase alfa (Pulmozyme) nebulizer treatment bid b. Pancreatic enzymes every 6 hours c. Vitamin A, D, E, and K supplements daily d. Proventil (albuterol) nebulizer treatments tid

A child is recovering from Kawasaki disease (KD). The child should be monitored for which? a. Anemia b. Electrocardiograph (ECG) changes c. Elevated white blood cell count d. Decreased platelets

A child with a hip spica cast is being prepared for discharge. Recognizing that caring for a child at home is complex, the nurse should include what instructions for the parents' discharge teaching? a. Turn every 8 hours. b. Specially designed car restraints are necessary. c. Diapers should be avoided to reduce soiling of the cast. d. Use an abduction bar between the legs to aid in turning.

A child with cystic fibrosis (CF) receives aerosolized bronchodilator medication. When should this medication be administered? a. After chest physiotherapy (CPT) b. Before chest physiotherapy (CPT) c. After receiving 100% oxygen d. Before receiving 100% oxygen

A child with cystic fibrosis is receiving recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (DNase). What statement about DNase is true? a. Given subcutaneously b. May cause voice alterations c. May cause mucus to thicken d. Not indicated for children younger than age 12 years

A child with sickle cell anemia (SCA) develops severe chest and back pain, fever, a cough, and dyspnea. What should be the first action by the nurse? a. Administer 100% oxygen to relieve hypoxia. b. Notify the practitioner because chest syndrome is suspected. c. Infuse intravenous antibiotics as soon as cultures are obtained. d. Give ordered pain medication to relieve symptoms of pain episode.

A child with sickle cell disease is in a vasoocclusive crisis. What nonpharmacologic pain intervention should the nurse plan? a. Exercise as a distraction b. Heat to the affected area c. Elevation of the extremity d. Cold compresses to the affected area

A child, age 3 years, has cerebral palsy (CP) and is hospitalized for orthopedic surgery. His mother says he has difficulty swallowing and cannot hold a utensil to feed himself. He is slightly underweight for his height. What is the most appropriate nursing action related to feeding this child? a. Bottle or tube feed him a specialized formula until he gains sufficient weight. b. Stabilize his jaw with caregiver's hand (either from a front or side position) to facilitate swallowing. c. Place him in a well-supported, semireclining position. d. Place him in a sitting position with his neck hyperextended to make use of gravity flow.

A mother has just given birth to a newborn with a cleft lip. Sensing that something is wrong, she starts to cry and asks the nurse, "What is wrong with my baby?" What is the most appropriate nursing action? a. Encourage the mother to express her feelings. b. Explain in simple language that the baby has a cleft lip. c. Provide emotional support until the practitioner can talk to the mother. d. Tell the mother a pediatrician will talk to her as soon as the baby is examined.

A parent tells the nurse that 80% of children with the same type of leukemia as his son's have a 5-year survival. He believes that because another child on the same protocol as his son has just died, his son now has a better chance of success. What is the best response by the nurse?a. "It is sad for the other family but good news for your child."b. "Each child has an 80% likelihood of 5-year survival."c. "The data suggest that 20% of the children in the clinic will die. There are still many hurdles for your son."d. "You should avoid the grieving family because you will be benefiting from their loss."

A school-age child has asthma. The nurse should teach the child that if a peak expiratory flow rate is in the yellow zone, this means that the asthma control is what? a. 80% of a personal best, and the routine treatment plan can be followed. b. 50% to 79% of a personal best and needs an increase in the usual therapy. c. 50 % of a personal best and needs immediate emergency bronchodilators. d. Less than 50% of a personal best and needs immediate hospitalization.

A school-age child with leukemia experienced severe nausea and vomiting when receiving chemotherapy for the first time. What is the most appropriate nursing action to prevent or minimize these reactions with subsequent treatments? a. Administer the chemotherapy between meals. b. Give an antiemetic before chemotherapy begins. c. Have the child bring favorite foods for snacks. d. Keep the child NPO (nothing by mouth) until nausea and vomiting subside.

A toddler is admitted to the pediatric unit with presumptive bacterial meningitis. The initial orders include isolation, intravenous access, cultures, and antimicrobial agents. The nurse knows that antibiotic therapy will begin when? a. After the diagnosis is confirmed b. When the medication is received from the pharmacy c. After the child's fluid and electrolyte balance is stabilized d. As soon as the practitioner is notified of the culture results

An adolescent comes to the school nurse after experiencing shin splints during a track meet. What reassurance should the nurse offer? a. Shin splints are expected in runners. b. Ice, rest, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) usually relieve pain. c. It is generally best to run around and "work the pain out." d. Moist heat and acetaminophen are indicated for this type of injury.

An infant requires surgery for repair of a cleft lip. An important priority of the preoperative nursing care is which? a. Initiating discharge teaching b. Performing baseline physical and behavioral assessment c. Observing for allergic reactions to preoperative antibiotics d. Determining whether this defect exists in other family members

Essential postoperative nursing management of a child after removal of a brain tumor includes which nursing care? a. Turning and positioning every 2 hours b. Measuring all fluid intake and output c. Changing the dressing when it becomes soiled d. Using maximum lighting to ensure accurate observations

Gingivitis is a common problem in children with cerebral palsy (CP). What preventive measure should be included in the plan of care? a. High-carbohydrate diet b. Meticulous dental hygiene c. Minimum use of fluoride d. Avoidance of medications that contribute to gingivitis

Nursing strategies to improve the growth and development of the child with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection should include what? a. Provide only those foods that the child feels like eating. b. Fortify foods with nutritional supplements to maximize quality of intake. c. Weigh the child and measure height and muscle mass on a daily basis. d. Provide high-fat and high-calorie meals and snacks to meet body requirements for growth.

One of the goals for children with asthma is to maintain the child's normal functioning. What principle of treatment helps to accomplish this goal? a. Limit participation in sports. b. Reduce underlying inflammation. c. Minimize use of pharmacologic agents. d. Have yearly evaluations by a healthcare provider.

The development of sexual orientation during adolescence is what? a. Inflexible b. A developmental process c. Differs for boys and girls d. Proceeds in a defined sequence

The most important nursing intervention when caring for an infant with myelomeningocele in the preoperative stage is which? a. Take vital signs every hour. b. Place the infant on the side to decrease pressure on the spinal sac. c. Watch for signs that might indicate developing hydrocephalus. d. Apply a heat lamp to facilitate drying and toughening of the sac.

The nurse discovers welts on the back of a Vietnamese child during a home health visit. The child's mother says she has rubbed the edge of a coin on her child's oiled skin. The nurse should recognize this as what? a. Child abuse b. Cultural practice to rid the body of disease c. Cultural practice to treat enuresis or temper tantrums d. Child discipline measure common in the Vietnamese culture

The nurse is administering an intravenous chemotherapeutic agent to a child with leukemia. The child suddenly begins to wheeze and have severe urticaria. What nursing action is most appropriate to initiate? a. Recheck the rate of drug infusion. b. Stop the drug infusion immediately. c. Observe the child closely for next 10 minutes. d. Explain to the child that this is an expected side effect.

The nurse is analyzing an arterial blood gas of pH, 7.30; PCO2, 50; and HCO3, 29.What result should the nurse document for this blood gas? a. Fully compensated respiratory acidosis b. Partially compensated respiratory acidosis c. Fully compensated metabolic acidosis d. Partially compensated metabolic acidosis

The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The parent states, "My child has a low platelet count, and we are being discharged this afternoon. What do I need to do at home?" What statement is most appropriate for the nurse to make? a. "You should give your child aspirin instead of acetaminophen for fever or pain." b. "Your child should avoid contact sports or activities that could cause bleeding." c. "You should feed your child a bland, soft, moist diet for the next week." d. "Your child should avoid large groups of people for the next week."

The nurse is caring for a child receiving chemotherapy for leukemia. The child's granulocyte count is 600/mm3 and platelet count is 45,000/mm3. What oral care should the nurse recommend for this child? a. Rinsing mouth with water b. Daily toothbrushing and flossing c. Lemon glycerin swabs for cleansing d. Wiping teeth with moistened gauze or Toothettes

The nurse is caring for a child with carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning associated with smoke inhalation. What intervention is essential in this child's care? a. Monitor pulse oximetry. b. Monitor arterial blood gases. c. Administer oxygen if respiratory distress develops. d. Administer oxygen if child's lips become bright, cherry-red in color.

The nurse is caring for a child with persistent hypoxia secondary to a cardiac defect. The nurse recognizes the risk of cerebrovascular accidents (strokes) occurring. What strategy is an important objective to decrease this risk? a. Minimize seizures. b. Prevent dehydration. c. Promote cardiac output. d. Reduce energy expenditure.

The nurse is notified that a 9-year-old boy with nephrotic syndrome is being admitted. Only semi private rooms are available. What roommate should be best to select? a. A 10-year-old girl with pneumonia b. An 8-year-old boy with a fractured femur c. A 10-year-old boy with a ruptured appendix d. A 9-year-old girl with congenital heart disease

The nurse is preparing a staff education in-service session for a group of new graduate nurses who will be working in a long-term care facility for children; many of the children have cerebral palsy (CP). What statement should the nurse include in the training? a. Children with dyskinetic CP have a wide-based gait and repetitive movements. b. Children with spastic pyramidal CP have a positive Babinski sign and ankle clonus. c. Children with hemiplegia CP have mouth muscles and one lower limb affected. d. Children with ataxic CP have involvement of pharyngeal and oral muscles with dysarthria.

The nurse knows that parents need further teaching with regard to the treatment of congenital clubfoot when they state what? a. "We'll keep the cast dry." b. "We're happy this is the only cast our baby will need." c. "We'll watch for any swelling of the foot while the cast is on." d. "We're getting a special car seat to accommodate the cast."

The nurse should suspect a child has cerebral palsy (CP) if the parent says what? a. "My 6-month-old baby is rolling from back to prone now." b. "My 4-month-old doesn't lift his head when on his tummy." c. "My 8-month-old can sit without support." d. "My 10-month-old is not walking."

The parents of a 3-year-old child with congenital heart disease are afraid to let their child play with other children because of possible overexertion. How should the nurse reply to this concern? a. The parents should meet all the child's needs. b. The child needs opportunities to play with peers. c. Constant parental supervision is needed to avoid overexertion. d. The child needs to understand that peers' activities are too strenuous.

The parents of a child with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) state that their child seems to have significant pain. In addition to systemic pharmacologic management, the nurse includes which teaching? a. Patterning b. Positions to reduce spasticity c. Stretching exercises after meals d. Topical analgesics for muscle spasms

What amount of fluid loss occurs with moderate dehydration? a. <50 ml/kg b. 50 to 90 ml/kg c. <5% total body weight d. >15% total body weight

What childhood cancer may demonstrate patterns of inheritance that suggest a familial basis? a. Leukemia b. Retinoblastoma c. Rhabdomyosarcoma d. Osteogenic sarcoma

What clinical manifestation is considered a cardinal sign of diabetes mellitus? a. Nausea b. Seizures c. Impaired vision d. Frequent urination

What condition occurs when the normal adult hemoglobin is partly or completely replaced by abnormal hemoglobin? a. Aplastic anemia b. Sickle cell anemia c. Thalassemia major d. Iron deficiency anemia

What is a clinical manifestation of acetaminophen poisoning? a. Hyperpyrexia b. Hepatic involvement c. Severe burning pain in stomach d. Drooling and inability to clear secretions

What is a high-fiber food that the nurse should recommend for a child with chronic constipation? a. White rice b. Popcorn c. Fruit juice d. Ripe bananas

What is a priority intervention for an infant with a temporary colostomy for Hirschsprung disease? a. Teaching how to irrigate the colostomy b. Protecting the skin around the colostomy c. Discussing the implications of a colostomy during puberty d. Using simple, straightforward language to prepare the child

What is a significant secondary prevention nursing activity for lead poisoning? a. Chelation therapy b. Screening children for blood lead levels c. Removing lead-based paint from older homes d. Questioning parents about ethnic remedies containing lead

What is an appropriate nursing intervention when caring for a child in traction? a. Removing adhesive traction straps daily to prevent skin breakdown b. Assessing for tightness, weakness, or contractures in uninvolved joints and muscles c. Providing active range of motion exercises to affected extremity three times a day d. Keeping child prone to maintain good alignment

What is the rationale for orthopedic surgery for a child with cerebral palsy? a. To cure spasticity b. To improve function c. For cosmetic purposes d. To prevent the need of physical therapy

What sign/symptom is a major clinical manifestation of rheumatic fever (RF)? a. Fever b. Polyarthritis c. Osler nodes d. Janeway spots

What statement is descriptive of most cases of hemophilia? a. X-linked recessive deficiency of platelets causing prolonged bleeding b. X-linked recessive inherited disorder in which a blood clotting factor is deficient c. Autosomal dominant deficiency of a factor involved in the blood-clotting reaction d. Y-linked recessive inherited disorder in which the red blood cells become moon shaped

What statement is the most descriptive of asthma? a. It is inherited. b. There is heightened airway reactivity. c. There is decreased resistance in the airway. d. The single cause of asthma is an allergic hypersensitivity.

What type of cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common type? a. Ataxic b. Spastic c. Dyskinetic d. Mixed type

What type of dehydration occurs when the electrolyte deficit exceeds the water deficit? a. Isotonic dehydration b. Hypotonic dehydration c. Hypertonic dehydration d. Hyperosmotic dehydration

Which family theory explains how families react to stressful events and suggests factors that promote adaptation to these events?a. Interactional theoryb. Family stress theoryc. Erikson's psychosocial theoryd. Developmental systems theory

Which muscle is contraindicated for the administration of immunizations in infants and young children? a. Deltoid b. Dorsogluteal c. Ventrogluteal d. Anterolateral thigh

The nurse is assessing a family's use of complementary medicine practices. What practices are classified as nutrition, diet, and lifestyle or behavioral health changes? (Select all that apply.) a. Reflexology b. Macrobiotics c. Megavitamins d. Health risk reduction e. Chiropractic medicine

B, C, D

What are favorable prognostic criteria for acute lymphoblastic leukemia? (Select all that apply.) a. Male gender b. CALLA positive c. Early pre-B cell d. 2 to 10 years of age e. Leukocyte count ?7?50,000/mm3

B, C, D

What clinical manifestations should be observed in a 2-year-old child with hypotonic dehydration? (Select all that apply.) a. Thick, doughy feel to the skin b. Slightly moist mucous membranes c. Absent tears d. Very rapid pulse e. Hyperirritability

B, C, D

The nurse is caring for a 14-year-old child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe? (Select all that apply.) a. Erythema over joints b. Soft tissue contractures c. Swelling in multiple joints d. Morning stiffness of the joints e. Loss of motion in the affected joints

B, C, D, E

What effects of an altered pituitary secretion in a child with meningitis indicates syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)? (Select all that apply.) a. Hypotension b. Serum sodium is decreased c. Urinary output is decreased d. Evidence of overhydration e. Urine specific gravity is increased

B, C, D, E

A 12-month-old infant has been diagnosed with failure to thrive (FTT). Which assessment findings does the nurse expect to be documented with this infant? (Select all that apply.) a. Fear of strangers b. Minimal smiling c. Avoidance of eye contact d. Meeting developmental milestones e. Wide-eyed gaze and continual scan of the environment

B, C, E

An adolescent is being placed on a calcium channel blocker. What should the nurseinform the adolescent with regard to this medication? (Select all that apply.) a. The medication may cause fatigue. b. The medication may increase heart rate. c. The medication may cause constipation. d. The medication may cause cold extremities. e. The medication may cause peripheral edema.

B, C, E

The nurse is caring for a child with hypercalcemia. The nurse evaluates the child for which signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia? (Select all that apply.) a. Tetany b. Anorexia c. Constipation d. Laryngospasm e. Muscle hypotonicity

B, C, E

What risk factors can cause a sensorineural hearing impairment in an infant? (Select all that apply.) a. Cat scratch disease b. Bacterial meningitis c. Childhood case of measles d. Childhood case of chickenpox e. Administration of aminoglycosides for more than 5 days

B, C, E

The nurse is caring for a child with Kawasaki disease in the acute phase. What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe? (Select all that apply.) a. Osler nodes b. Cervical lymphadenopathy c. Strawberry tongue d. Chorea e. Erythematous palms f. Polyarthritis

B, C< E

The nurse is administering activated charcoal to a preschool child with acetaminophen (Tylenol) poisoning. What potential complications from the use of activated charcoal should the nurse plan to assess for? (Select all that apply.) a. Diarrhea b. Vomiting c. Fluid retention d. Intestinal obstruction

B, D

The nurse is caring for a child with retinoblastoma that was treated with an enucleation. What interventions should the nurse plan for care of an eye socket after enucleation? (Select all that apply.) a. Clean the prosthesis. b. Change the eye pad daily. c. Keep the opposite eye covered initially. d. Irrigate the socket daily with a prescribed solution. e. Apply a prescribed antibiotic ointment after irrigation.

B, D, E

What are characteristics of diabetic ketoacidosis? (Select all that apply.) a. Pallor b. Acidosis c. Bradypnea d. Dehydration e. electrolyte imbalance

B, D, E

The nurse is preparing to admit a 3-year-old child with intussusception. What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe? (Select all that apply.) a. Absent bowel sounds b. Passage of red, currant jelly-like stools c. Anorexia d. Tender, distended abdomen e. Hematemesis f. Sudden acute abdominal pain

B, D, F

The nurse is teaching a parent of a 6-month-old infant with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) before discharge. What instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) a. Elevate the head of the bed in the crib to a 90-degree angle while the infant is sleeping. b. Hold the infant in the prone position after a feeding. c. Discontinue breastfeeding so that a formula and rice cereal mixture can be used. d. The infant will require the Nissen fundoplication after 1 year of age. e. Prescribed cimetidine (Tagamet) should be given 30 minutes before feedings.

B, E

The nurse is caring for children on an adolescent-only unit. What growth and development milestones should the nurse expect from 11- and 14-year-old adolescents? (Select all that apply.) a. Self-centered with increased narcissism b. No major conflicts with parents c. Established abstract thought process d. Have a rich, idealistic fantasy life e. Highly value conformity to group norms f. Secondary sexual characteristics appear

B, E, F

A 14-year-old adolescent is hospitalized with cystic fibrosis. What nursing note entry represents best documentation of his breakfast meal? a. Tolerated breakfast well b. Finished all of breakfast ordered c. One pancake, eggs, and 240 ml OJ d. No documentation is needed for this age child.

A 2-year-old child is being admitted to the hospital for possible bacterial meningitis. When preparing for a lumbar puncture, what should the nurse do? a. Set up a tray with equipment the same size as for adults. b. Apply EMLA to the puncture site 15 minutes before the procedure. c. Prepare the child for conscious sedation being used for the procedure. d. Reassure the parents that the test is simple, painless, and risk free.

A 3-day-old infant presents with abdominal distention, is vomiting, and has not passed any meconium stools. What disease should the nurse suspect? a. Pyloric stenosis b. Intussusception c. Hirschsprung disease d. Celiac disease

A 4-month-old infant is discharged home after surgery for the repair of a cleft lip. What should instructions to the parents include? a. Provide crib toys for distraction. b. Breast- or bottle-feeding can begin immediately. c. Give pain medication to the infant to minimize crying. d. Leave the infant in the crib at all times to prevent suture strain.

A 7-year-old is identified as being at risk for skin breakdown. What intervention should the nursing care plan include? a. Massaging reddened bony prominences b. Teaching the parents to turn the child every 4 hours c. Ensuring that nutritional intake meets requirements d. Minimizing use of extra linens, which can irritate the child's skin

A Hispanic toddler has pneumonia. The nurse notices that the parent consistently feeds the child only the broth that comes on the clear liquid tray. Food items, such as Jell-O, Popsicles, and juices, are left. Which statement best explains this? a. The parent is trying to feed the child only what the child likes most. b. Hispanics believe the "evil eye" enters when a person gets cold. c. The parent is trying to restore normal balance through appropriate "hot" remedies. d. Hispanics believe an innate energy called chi is strengthened by eating soup.

A child has a nasogastric (NG) tube after surgery for Hirschsprung disease. What is the purpose of the NG tube? a. Prevent spread of infection. b. Monitor electrolyte balance. c. Prevent abdominal distention. d. Maintain accurate record of output.

A child has been diagnosed with a Wilms tumor. What should preoperative nursing care include? a. Careful bathing and handling b. Monitoring of behavioral status c. Maintenance of strict isolation d. Administration of packed red blood cells

A child is in uncompensated metabolic acidosis. What should the nurse expect the arterial blood gas to be? a. HCO3, 24; pH, 7.35 b. HCO3, 28; pH, 7.50 c. HCO3, 20; pH, 7.30 d. HCO3, 26; pH, 7.40

A child with cyanide poisoning has been admitted to the emergency department. What antidote does the nurse anticipate being prescribed for the child? a. Atropine b. Glucagon c. Amyl nitrate d. Naloxone (Narcan)

A child with diazepam (Valium) poisoning has been admitted to the emergency department. What antidote does the nurse anticipate being prescribed? a. Succimer (Chemet) b. EDTA (Versenate) c. Flumazenil (Romazicon) d. Octreotide acetate (Sandostatin)

A child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is started on a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID). What nursing consideration should be included? a. Monitor heart rate. b. Administer NSAIDs between meals. c. Check for abdominal pain and bloody stools. d. Expect inflammation to be gone in 3 or 4 days.

A child with leukemia is receiving intrathecal chemotherapy to prevent which condition? a. Infection b. Brain tumor c. Central nervous system (CNS) disease d. Drug side effects

A feeding technique the nurse can teach to parents of a child with cerebral palsy to improve use of the lips and the tongue to facilitate speech is which? a. Feeding pureed foods b. Placing food on the tongue c. Placing food at the side of the tongue d. Placing food directly into the mouth with a spoon

A girl, age 5 1/2 years, has been sent to the school nurse for urinary incontinence three times in the past 2 days. The nurse should recommend to her parent that the first action is to have the child evaluated for what condition? a. School phobia b. Glomerulonephritis c. Urinary tract infection (UTI) d. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A neonate is born with mild clubfeet. When the parents ask the nurse how this will be corrected, what should the nurse explain? a. Traction is tried first. b. Surgical intervention is needed. c. Frequent, serial casting is tried first. d. Children outgrow this condition when they learn to walk.

A parent of an infant with gastroesophageal reflux asks how to decrease the number and total volume of emesis. What recommendation should the nurse include in teaching this parent? a. Surgical therapy is indicated. b. Place in prone position for sleep after feeding. c. Thicken feedings and enlarge the nipple hole. d. Reduce the frequency of feeding by encouraging larger volumes of formula.

A preadolescent has been diagnosed with scoliosis. The planned therapy is the use of a thoracolumbosacral orthotic. The preadolescent asks how long she will have to wear the brace. What is the appropriate response by the nurse? a. "For as long as you have been told." b. "Most preadolescents use the brace for 6 months." c. "Until your vertebral column has reached skeletal maturity." d. "It will be necessary to wear the brace for the rest of your life."

A school-age child with acute diarrhea and mild dehydration is being given oral rehydration solutions (ORS). The child's mother calls the clinic nurse because he is also occasionally vomiting. The nurse should recommend which intervention? a. Bring the child to the hospital for intravenous fluids. b. Alternate giving ORS and carbonated drinks. c. Continue to give ORS frequently in small amounts. d. Keep child NPO (nothing by mouth) for 8 hours and resume ORS if vomiting has subsided.

A toddler with spastic cerebral palsy needs to be transported to the radiology department. What transportation method should the nurse use to take the toddler to the radiology department? a. A stretcher b. A wheelchair c. A wagon with pillows d. Carried in the nurse's arms

An adolescent diabetic is admitted to the emergency department for treatment of hyperglycemia and pneumonia. What are characteristics of diabetic hyperglycemia? a. Cold, clammy skin and lethargy b. Hunger and hypertension c. Thirst, being flushed, and fruity breath d. Disorientation and pallor

An infant is brought to the emergency department with the following clinical manifestations: poor skin turgor, weight loss, lethargy, tachycardia, and tachypnea. This is suggestive of which situation? a. Water excess b. Sodium excess c. Water depletion d. Potassium excess

Autism is a complex developmental disorder. The diagnostic criteria for autism include delayed or abnormal functioning in which area with onset before age 3 years? a. Parallel play b. Gross motor development c. Ability to maintain eye contact d. Growth below the fifth percentile

Chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) differs from acute otitis media (AOM) because it is usually characterized by which signs or symptoms? a. Severe pain in the ear b. Anorexia and vomiting c. A feeling of fullness in the ear d. Fever as high as 40° C (104° F)

In a child with sickle cell anemia (SCA), adequate hydration is essential to minimize sickling and delay the vasoocclusion and hypoxia-ischemia cycle. What information should the nurse share with parents in a teaching plan? a. Encourage drinking. b. Keep accurate records of output. c. Check for moist mucous membranes. d. Monitor the concentration of the child's urine.

PEDS FINAL

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