Physical Science Semester Exam
transparent
(adj.) allowing light to pass through; easily recognized or understood; easily seen through or detected
Isaac Newton
Defined the laws of motion and gravity. Tried to explain motion of the universe.
Newton's Third Law
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
Amplitude
Height of a wave
crest
Highest point of a wave
Examples of Newton's Second Law
If you use the same force to push a truck and push a car, the car will have more acceleration than the truck, because the car has less mass.
When you add a resistor to the fan, what happened to the speed?
It slowed down
Galileo
discovered inertia
The formula for speed
distance/time
motors use electromagnetism to convert
electricity into mechanical energy
electric circuits transfer
energy
electromagnetic spectrum waves
radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays
Acceleration includes
speeding up, slowing down, changing direction
Rarefactions are
spread out parts of a longitudinal wave
potential energy
stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object
Refraction
the bending of a wave as it enters a new medium at an angle
Reflection
the bouncing back of a ray of light, sound, or heat when the ray hits a surface that it does not go through
electromagnetic spectrum
the complete range of electromagnetic waves placed in order of increasing frequency
Sound causes _________________ to vibrate
the eardrum
kinetic energy
the energy an object has due to its motion
frequency
the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time
elastic potential energy
the potential energy of an object that is stretched or compressed
friction
the resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another.
Inertia
the tendency of an object to resist a change in its motion
Why do resistors have colored bands?
to identify resistance
spring scale
tool used to measure force
balance scale
tool used to measure mass
What type of wave is light?
transverse
volts
unit for voltage
The ampere (Amps) is a unit of
unit of electric current
grams or kilograms (g or kg)
unit of measurement for mass; grams are used for small objects, kilograms are used for large objects
sound is produced by
vibrations and is a type of mechanical energy. Sound travels in compression waves and at a speed much slower than light. It needs a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) in which to travel.
mechanical waves
waves that require a medium through which to travel
GPE formula
weight x height
the independent variable is graphed on the ___ axis
x
How is sound transmitted?
• Vibration of air molecules goes through the pinna, passing through the external auditory canal • The waves then vibrate the tympanic membrane which causes the three ossicles to move • The ossicles cause the oval window to vibrate - This leads to stimulation of hair cells inside the cochlea
When the trap is pulled back and held, the mousetrap has
potiental energy
mass of Moon - compared to Earth
1/8 of Earth's
Ammeter
A device used to measure current in a circuit
Gravity
A force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses.
Mass
A measure of the amount of matter in an object
Examples of Newton's First Law
A spaceship continues to orbit the moon even though its engines have been turned off.
transverse wave
A wave that moves the medium in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the wave travels
Batteries in Parallel
Add the currents, Voltage remains the same
Batteries in series
All current goes through all batteries
Trough
Lowest point of a wave
medium
Material through which a wave travels
Newton's 1st Law of Motion
Objects in motion stay in motion, objects at rest stay at rest unless acted on by an outside force
Newton's 2nd Law of Motion
The acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied.
Wavelength
The distance between two corresponding parts of a wave
independent variable
The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
Newtons
The unit of measurement for force
dependent variable is graphed on the ____ axis
Y
Voltmeter
a device used to measure voltage
force
a push or pull on an object; measured in Newtons (N)
dependent variable
a variable (often denoted by y ) whose value depends on that of another. The data you collect
eletromagnetic wave
a wave that can travel through or matter and consists of changing electric and magnetic fields.
translucent
allowing light to pass through, but blurring it so that images cannot be seen clearly
Magnet
any material that attracts iron and materials that contain iron
bones transfer vibrations to the
auditory nerve
Examples of Newton's Third law
bumper cars, pressing hands against a wall, hammer vs. nail
waves
can travel through any form of matter but not through empty space
Batteries store what type of energy?
chemical
batteries have
chemical energy
waves travel in
compressions and refractions
elastic force
force exerted by a material when it is stretched or compressed
Insulators have a _______________ resistance.
high
high frequency equals
high energy
A thin wire has ___ resistance than a thick wire
higher
opaque
impossible to see through; preventing the passage of light
if mass increases, the gravitional force will
increase
what happened to the speed of the mousetrap car
increased and then decreased
the Earth's core is made of what metal
iron
What three metals are magnetic?
iron, nickel, cobalt
what happened to the speed of the Fan car?
it sped up then leveled out
When the trap is release, the mousetrap has
kinetic energy
solar cells tranform _________ energy into _________ energy
light into electrical
Good conductors have
low electrical resistance
Motors need 3 main things to work
magnents, coils of wire, a power source
lodestone is a rock that contains lots of
magnetite
Electrical resistance depends on what factors
material, thickness, length
sound waves travel through all
matter
Sound waves are _____ waves.
mechanical
The units for speed are
meters per second
compressions
molecules are pressed closer together
factors that determine the strength of an electromagnet
number of loops wire material amount of current flowing wire gauge wire length
in a battery, you have to have one _________________ electrode and one ______________ electrode.
positive and negative
