Practice Exam 3

Blinking in response to a puff of air directed into your eye is a(n): Question 1 options: a) unconditioned response (UR). b) conditioned response (CR). c) unconditioned stimulus (US). d) conditioned stimulus (CS).

A

One chimpanzee watches a second chimp solve a puzzle for a food reward. The first chimp then imitates how the second chimp solved the puzzle. This best illustrates: a) spontaneous recovery. Correct Response b) observational learning. c) respondent behavior. d) operant conditioning.

b

With continuous reinforcement, an organism is reinforced ________________. With intermittent reinforcement, an organism is reinforced ________________. a) with primary reinforcers; with secondary reinforcers Correct Response b) every time the desired behavior occurs; sporadically when the desired behavior occurs c) at a variable rate; at a specific rate d) using positive reinforcement; using partial reinforcement

b

You received a great money-saving credit card offer in the mail complete with a rewards program. You read on further to find that the one dollar for every mile spent may not be such a great offer after all since getting a $500.00 airline ticket only happens after you acquire 25,000 miles or spend $25,000. This is a ________ schedule. a) variable-interval Correct Response b) fixed-ratio c) fixed-interval d) variable-ratio

b

_________________ involves any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response. a) Neutral reinforcement Correct Response b) Negative reinforcement c) Moderate reinforcement d) Positive reinforcement

b

If a child is watching a favorite sibling getting scolded for misbehavior, which type of neuron is likely to be activated in an empathetic response to this observation? a) sensory neuron b) interneuron Correct Response c) mirror neuron d) motor neuron

c

In Bandura's experiment, compared to children not exposed to the adult model, those who observed the model's aggressive outburst were ________________ to lash out at the doll. a) much less likely b) equally Correct Response c) much more likely d) unable

c

Millie has been having difficulties remembering what people have just said. She is unable to follow along during her favorite television shows. Millie is having difficulty with her: a) flashbulb memory. b) echoic memory. Correct Response c) short-term memory. d) long-term memory.

c

Most learning involves the process of association. With classical conditioning, an organism comes to associate: a) a response and its consequences. b) a neutral stimulus and a reward. Correct Response c) two stimuli. d) something observed and its consequences.

c

This activated memory holds a few items such as a phone number briefly before the information is stored or forgotten. a) immediate memory b) transitional memory Correct Response c) short-term memory d) long-term memory

c

A 5-year-old girl observes a stranger in a store pretending to discipline a stuffed dog. When the stranger moves on to the next aisle, the girl picks up another stuffed animal and does the same thing. Her behavior is similar to findings in studies conducted by: a) Watson. b) Skinner. c) Thorndike. Correct Response d) Bandura.

d

Findings from Garcia's research on taste aversion in rats indicate that: a) the unconditioned stimulus (US) must immediately follow the conditioned stimulus (CS). b) organisms do not have biological predispositions when learning associations. Incorrect Response c) rats are more likely to develop aversions to sights or sounds than they are to taste. Correct Answer d) rats are more likely to develop aversions to taste than they are to sights or sounds.

d

Irene is having trouble convincing her husband that spanking isn't necessarily the best way to control their child's behavior. Which of the following arguments should she use to support her position? a) When spanked, children do not forget the punished behavior. They simply suppress it, and are not taught what behavior to exhibit in its place. b) Spanking provides a model of aggressive behavior as a tool for problem solving. c) Spanking can create fear in children. Correct Response d) All of these arguments support her position to avoid spanking.

d

The retention of encoded information over time is called: a) rehearsal. b) encoding. c) retrieval. Correct Response d) storage.

d

If you have a frightening experience immediately after hearing a strange sound, your fear may be aroused when you hear that sound again. This best illustrates: Question 3 options: a) classical conditioning. b) generalization. c) the law of effect. d) spontaneous recovery.

A

Jane had Leukemia as a child and had to undergo numerous bouts of chemotherapy. The chemotherapy always made her nauseous. As she underwent a year of treatment, the waiting room started to make her nauseous. The waiting room became: Question 4 options: a) the conditioned stimulus. b) the neutral stimulus. c) the conditioned response. d) the unconditioned stimulus.

A

In classical conditioning, this is the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation when food is in the mouth. Question 6 options: a) conditioned stimulus (CS) b) unconditioned response (UR) c) neutral stimulus d) conditioned response (CR)

B

Researchers have found that classical conditioning can be used to produce an immune response in patients. Of the following pairings, which would be the most likely to produce this response? Question 5 options: a) repeated pairing of minor electric shock followed by immune enhancing drug b) repeated pairing of immune enhancing drug followed by a puff of air into the eye c) repeated pairing of lemonade with the immune enhancing drug d) repeated pairing of immune enhancing drug followed by a tone

C

Shaping is a method used by Skinner to: a) condition taste aversions in rats. b) decrease an undesirable behavior. c) explain how classical conditioning works. Correct Response d) guide an organism to exhibit a complex behavior using successive approximations.

D

____________ is the tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus (CS). Whereas, ____________ is the ability to differentiate between the CS and other stimuli that have NOT been associated with the unconditioned stimulus (US). a) Operant conditioning; negative conditioning b) Acquisition; extinction c) Spontaneous recovery; acquisition d) Generalization; discri

D

In the United States and Canada, ____________ rates doubled between 1957 and 1974, coinciding with the introduction and spread of TV. Correct Response a) homicide b) suicide c) graduation d) pregnancy

a

Oliver is trying to make an online purchase, but he doesn't have his credit card. He calls his wife, who reads the 16-digit credit card number to him. Unfortunately, Oliver cannot remember the number long enough to type it into the computer. This is because: Correct Response a) short-term memory is limited in duration and capacity. b) the serial position effect is interfering. c) he is rehearsing too hard. d) his iconic memory is interfering.

a

One way to test memory is to check the speed of ___________ for things that we once learned but have since forgotten. Correct Response a) relearning b) retroactive interference c) priming d) proactive interference

a

You have been working nights and weekends to get a project completed at work. You are successful, and a couple of weeks later you come into work and your boss presents you with a bonus check. This best illustrates the value of: Correct Response a) positive reinforcement. b) secondary reinforcement. c) erratic behavior. d) negative reinforcement.

a