PSY Final

Zandra's teacher tells her that she cannot forget something if she never "got it" in the first place. Most likely, Zandra's teacher is referring to a failure in:

encoding

Lin tells her roommate about her break-up with her boyfriend, but she does not seem to be listening. Lin accuses her of not paying attention, so her roommate repeats back the last three words of her story. This does not excuse her because Lin knows that she may be relying on her _____ memory.

echoic

Micah may be able to repeat the last few digits in a phone number even if he was not paying attention. Because this is auditory information, it is still available in his _____ memory.

echoic

A year after getting married, Marisol told her friends she was unbelievably happy. Now, Marisol and her husband are getting divorced. Because of the constructive nature of memory, Marisol may now remember:

her marriage as unhappy and tumultuous.

Missy's frontal lobe becomes active when she tries to recall who her best friend was in 5th grade. Successful remembering of this information, however, requires the activity of the:

hippocampus.

What type of memory causes a person to still have a brief image of letters seen on a computer screen, even after the screen has gone blank?

Iconic

_____ memory has the largest capacity and _____ memory has the shortest capacity.

Long-term .......... Sensory

As Kaydence reads a chapter in her anthropology text, she draws a network diagramming the relationships among the concepts described in the book. In this example, Kaydence is BEST described as capitalizing on _____ encoding

organizational

Participants in a memory study are presented with words that belong to one of four categories (e.g., insects, beverages), or are presented with words that have no apparent relationship to one another. The group that received the categories of words remembers more words than those who received the list of unrelated words. This result is most likely caused by the use of:

organizational encoding.

Now that Liz and her husband are getting a divorce, she remembers their marriage as tumultuous and unhappy. A year ago, however, she told her friends that she was extremely happy. Liz's current memory of her marriage BEST reflects:

The constructive nature of memory.

Semantic and organizational encoding both depend on _____ of the brain.

The frontal lobes

Marta is able to remember what she did yesterday after dinner. Marta must have engaged in:

Encoding, storage, and retrieval.

Iconic memory refers to a:

Fast-decaying store of visual memory.

Susan meets a man at a party. He gives Susan his telephone number so she can call him. Susan must enter the number into her phone right away because she has about 15 to 20 seconds before her _____ memory store is depleted.

Short term Memory.

Dr. Chopra is running a memory experiment using fMRI. One participant is asked to remember a particular set of directions, and Dr. Chopra notices that the occipital lobe is particularly active during the task. The participant is MOST likely using _____ encoding.

Visual imagery

Darcy wants to stop at the grocery store on the way home but does not have a list of the things she needs. As she goes to work that morning, she does a "mental walk" through her home and imagines each grocery item in a different location. Darcy is making use of:

Visual imagery.

_____ memory includes a short time limit of information that can be kept in mind but allows for active maintenance and processing of stored information.

Working

Zinovy was in a car accident and suffered a head injury. He cannot remember what happened immediately before the accident. Zinovy's injury prevented the _____ of the events.

consolidation

After a memory is recalled, it may be vulnerable to distortion or forgetting, unless it is:

re consolidated.

The inability to retrieve events that occurred prior to a head injury or operation is known as:

retrograde amnesia.

Omar experienced a dissociative fugue state. He suddenly snapped out of it in front of a pet supplies display in a Boise, Idaho discount store; he had no memory whatsoever of his previous life in Greensboro, North Carolina. Omar's amnesia is best described as:

retrograde.

Visual imagery encoding relates to _____ encoding, in that a person connects the new information to previously existing information in both processes.

semantic

Before information can be transferred to short-term memory it must first be a part of _____ memory.

sensory

Which lists the types of memory storage in the CORRECT order, from most brief to most enduring?

sensory, short, long

If Zyanya drinks a lot of coffee while studying for an exam, the concept of _____ learning indicates that she would do best on the exam if she drinks a lot of coffee right before it.

state-dependent retrieval

The observation that people like HM cannot make new memories but can remember old ones can be explained by:

the hippocampus-region index.