Psych Exam 3

Reflects an intermittent, recurrent wish or need to recover the lost person

Pining or yearning

Forcible sexual intercourse with a person who does not consent to it

Rape

- Occurs sooner for partners who initiate a divorce - More unstable than first marriages - Have higher rates of depression but improved financial status

Remarried adults

Age were children believe that the dead can be brought back to life

3-5 years

Alice, Jane, Lois, and Sandra have been friends since grade school. Over the years, they have given each other support and shared in each other's joys and sadness. Which model of social relations does this scenario represent?

The convoy model

Cognitive _____ declines in old age, whereas cognitive _____ appears to remain constant or improve.

mechanics; pragmatics

Which of the following is true of the possible selves of older adults?

Acceptance of past selves increases

Death deliberately induced

Active euthansia

The more active and involved older adults are, the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives.

Active theory

Pattern of behavior characterized by an overwhelming involvement with using a drug and a preoccupation with securing its supply

Addiction

- Death regarded as remote and may be avoided, glossed over, or kidded about - Death of friends, siblings, parents, or grandparents bring death to the forefront of adolescents' lives - Develop more abstract conceptions about death than children

Adolescence

- Middle-aged adults fear death more than younger adults. - Older adults are forced to examine the meanings of life and death more frequently than younger adults

Adult hood and death

Which of the following is NOT a component of cognitive pragmatics

Comparison and categorization

Which of the following Big Five personality factors describes a person as either disciplined or impulsive?

Conscientiousness

Our own attitudes and values are supported when someone else's are similar to ours

Consensual validation

How life events influence the individual's development depends on: • Life event itself • Mediating factors • Individual's adaptation to the life event • Life-stage context • Sociohistorical context

Contemporary life-events approach

Accumulated information and verbal skills. Continues to increase in middle adulthood.

Crystallized intelligence

Which of the following is an example of active euthanasia?

Injecting a lethal dose of a drug

Involves reflecting on the past and either piecing together a positive review or concluding that one's life has not been well spent.

Integrity v. despair

Cessation of a woman's menstrual periods • During the late forties or early fifties • May cause hot flashes, nausea, fatigue, and rapid heartbeat

menopause

The type of care that is designed to reduce pain and suffering and help individuals die with dignity is known as ________ care.

pallitave

An example of _____ attention is the ability to focus on one voice among many in a crowded room or a noisy restaurant.

selective

Process of patients thinking about and communicating their preferences about end of life care

Advance care planning

States whether life-sustaining procedures should or should not be used to prolong the life of an individual when death is imminent

Advance directive

Sustained exercise that stimulates heart and lung activity

Aerobic exercise

Gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and eventually, physical function. Involves a deficiency in the brain of messenger chemical actycholine. Formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Women are more likely to develop because they live longer than men.

Alzheimer's disease

Dying person's denial gives way to resentment, rage, and envy

Anger

Demand closeness, are less trusting, more emotional, jealous, and possessive

Anxious attachment style

_____ is the most common chronic disorder in late adulthood.

Arthritis

Are hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships

Avoidant attachment style

A person is brain dead when all electrical activity of the brain has ceased for a specified period of time

Brain death

Living together in a sexual relationship without being married. Reasons would be to spend time together, share expenses, evaluate compatibility

Cohabiting adults

Which of the following are the most common chronic disorders for men during middle age?

Cancer, heart disease, and stroke

Gisela is suffering from a condition that involves thickening of the lenses of her eyes. This causes her vision to become cloudy or distorted. Identify the condition that Gisela is suffering from.

Cataracts

Thickening of the lens of the eye that causes vision to become cloudy, opaque, and distorted

Cataracts

_____ theory states that cells can divide a maximum of about 75 to 80 times, and that as we age our cells become less capable of dividing.

Cellular clock

Cells can divide a maximum of 75 to 80 times • Age makes cells less capable of dividing

Cellular clock theory

- Aggression enhances their sense of power or masculinity - Angry at women in general - Want to hurt and humiliate their victim

Characteristics of male rapists

_____ is a term that is used to describe the midlife transition in which fertility declines.

Climacteric

Hardware of the mind, reflecting the neurophysiological architecture of the brain. Involve speed and accuracy of the processes

Cognitive mechanics

Culture-based software programs of the mind. Include reading and writing skills, language comprehension, educational qualifications, professional skills, and types of knowledge that help to master or cope with life.

Cognitive pragmatics

Leads to lower marital satisfaction and increased likelihood of divorce

Cohabiting adults

Neurological disorder in which primary symptoms involve a deterioration of mental functioning. 23% of women and 17% of men 85 years and older are at risk for developing.

Dementia

_____ is the global term for any neurological disorder in which the primary symptoms involve a deterioration of mental functioning.

Dementia

Insulates and allows one to avoid coping with intense feelings of anger and hurt. Can be maladaptive deprending on extent

Denial

Dying person denies that she or he is really going to die

Denial and isolation

An individual's grief involving a deceased person that is a socially ambiguous loss that can't be openly mourned or supported.

Disenfranchised grief

- Factors include: • Youthful marriage • Low educational level • Low income level • Not having a religious affiliation • Having divorced parents • Having a baby before marriage

Divorce

Model of coping with bereavement that emphasizes oscillation between following two dimensions

Dual process model

Decrease in marital satisfaction after children leave the home. Parents derive considerable satisfaction from their children.

Empty nest syndrome

Retention of information about the where and when of life's happenings

Episodic memory

Which of the following statements about the relationship between semantic memory and aging is true?

Episodic memory declines more than semantic memory in older adults.

The act of painlessly ending the lives of individuals who are suffering from an incurable disease or severe disability.

Euthanasia

Natural selection has not eliminated many harmful conditions and nonadaptive characteristics in older adults. • Benefits conferred by evolution decline with age because natural selection is linked to reproductive fitness

Evolutionary theory

Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that could be related to erectile problems in middle-aged men?

Excessive sexual activity

Helps prevent chronic disorders and benefits both physical and mental health.

Exercise

Facts and experiences that individuals consciously know and can state. Declines as the person ages

Explicit memory

Type of behavior men engage in when they experience stress. Become aggressive, socially withdraw, or drink alcohol

Fight or flight

Ability to reason abstractly. May begin to decline in middle adulthood

Fluid intellegence

Which of the following biological theories of aging states that people age because their cells' normal metabolism produces unstable oxygen molecules?

Free-radical theory

_____ refers to the view that our aging society is being unfair to its younger members because older adults pile up advantages by receiving an inequitably large allocation of resources.

Generational inequity

Adults' desire to leave legacies of themselves to the next generation

Generativity

Damage to the optic nerve because of pressure created by a buildup of fluid in the eye

Glaucoma

Emotional numbness, disbelief, separation anxiety, despair, sadness, and loneliness that accompany the loss of someone we love.

Grief

_____ is the emotional numbness, disbelief, separation anxiety, despair, sadness, and loneliness that accompany the loss of someone we love.

Grief

_____ is a program committed to making the end of life as free from pain, anxiety, and depression as possible.

Hospice

Memory without conscious recollection that involves skills and routine procedures that are automatically performed. Less likely to be adversely affected by aging.

Implicit memory

Why are older adults more likely to forget what items they wanted to buy at a grocery store (unless they write them down on a list and take it with them) than they are to forget how to drive a car?

Implicit memory is less likely to be adversely affected by aging than explicit memory.

Finding oneself while losing oneself in another person

Intimacy

Failure to achieve intimacy results in social _____________.

Isolation

According to evolutionary theory, which of the following is the reason Alzheimer disease has not been eliminated by evolution?

It does not appear until late middle adulthood or late adulthood.

Pleasant times after work. When individuals are free to pursue activities and interests of their own choosing.

Leisure

Number of years that the average person born in a particular year will probably live

Life expectancy

Looking back at one's life experiences, evaluating them, and interpreting/reinterpreting them.

Life review

Maximum number of years an individual can live

Life span

A legal document that reflects the patient's advance care planning

Living will

Deterioration of the macula of the retina, which corresponds to the focal center of the visual field

Macular degeneration

What is a leading cause of blindness in older adults?

Macular degeneration

Mood disorder in which the individual is deeply unhappy, demoralized, selfderogatory, and bored. Less common in older adults than younger adults. Common predictors include: earlier depressive symptoms, poor health of disability, loss events, low social support.

Major depression

We choose partners who match our own level of attractiveness

Matching hypothesis

Hypertension, obesity, and insulin resistance

Metabolic syndrome

Middle-aged adults interpret, shape, alter, and give meaning to their lives. Triggered by life events such as job loss, financial problems, or illness.

Mid-life crisis

_____ adulthood is the developmental period that begins at approximately 40 to 45 years of age and extends to about 60 to 65 years of age.

Middle

Which of the following supertraits deals with emotional stability and describes an individual as being calm or anxious?

Neuroticism

What is the main difference between the way younger people and older people respond to stress?

Older people keep stress hormones in their system at elevated levels for longer periods.

Identify the region of the human brain in which neurogenesis has been documented in adults.

Olfactory bulb

The big five factors of personality

Openess Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeblness Neuroticism

_____ involves an extensive loss of bone tissue.

Osteoporosis

_____ is triggered by degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain.

Parkinson disease

When treatment is withheld

Passive euthansia

Components comprising the death system:

People, places of contexts, times, objects, and symbols

An adaptive strategy for remaining alert and cheerful

Percieved control

Transitional period from normal menstrual periods to no menstrual periods at all.

Perimenopause

Which of the following statements is true about the dual-process model of coping with bereavement?

Restoration-oriented stressors is one of the key dimensions of the dual-process model.

Which of the following is true of divorce or remarriage in older adults?

Rising divorce rates, increased longevity, and better health have led to an increase in remarriage by older adults.

Have a positive view of relationships and find it easy to get close to others

Secure attachment style

_____ theory describes how people can produce new resources and allocate them effectively to the tasks they want to master.

Selective optimization with compensation

Tends to decline significantly in the seventies and eighties because of: - Being widowed, institutionalized, or physically impaired - Having a low religious commitment - Declining health

Self-esteem

Person's knowledge about the world

Sematic memory

Manifestation of power of one person over another

Sexual harassment

Reason for decline in language

Slower information processing speed. Decline in working memory.

Older adults become more selective about their social networks.

Socioemotional selectivity theory

Which of the following theories explains why older adults spend most of their time with familiar individuals and family?

Socioemotional selectivity theory

Type of behavior women engage in when they experience stress. Seek social alliances with others

Tend and befriend

Which of the following statements about menopause is NOT true?

The age at which menopause occurs has increased dramatically in recent years.

What do studies say of the American attitude toward euthanasia after the Terri Schiavo incident?

There is a trend toward accepting passive euthanasia in cases of terminally ill patients.

- Visual acuity - Color vision - Depth perception

Vision

_____ is expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life that permits practical judgment about important matters.

Wisdom

Which of the following is one of the earliest symptoms of Alzheimer disease?

Word-finding/generating difficulties

When women experience stress, they are more likely to engage in:

a tend-and-befriend pattern.

Around this age children view death as universal and irreversible

about 9 years old

Kübler-Ross describes the _____ stage as the end of the dying struggle.

acceptance

Sense of peace comes

acceptance

It suggests that many individuals will achieve greater life satisfaction if they continue their middle-adulthood roles into late adulthood and if these roles are stripped from them, it is important for them to find substitute roles that keep them dynamic and involved.

activity theory

Older adults not being hired for new jobs, being eased out of old ones because they are perceived as too rigid or feeble-minded, and being eased out because they are not considered cost effective are examples of:

ageism

Vaillant's research showed that at age 50, the best predictors of who would be dead at 75 to 80 years of age were:

alcohol abuse and smoking.

Brain death occurs when:

all electrical activity of the brain has ceased for a specified period of time.

In the _____ stage of dying, the dying person's question is, "Why me?"

anger

According to Kübler-Ross, _____ is the stage of dying in which the person develops the hope that death can somehow be postponed or delayed.

bargaining

dying person develops the hope that death can somehow be postponed

bargaining

Individuals 100 years and older • Increasing at the rate of 7% each year in industrialized countries because of: - Diet - Low-stress lifestyle - Caring community - Activity - Spirituality

centenarian

Midlife transition in which fertility declines

climacteric

The _____ life-events approach emphasized the manner in which life events that influence an individual's development depends not only on these events but also on mediating factors.

contemporary

an individual's accumulated information and verbal skills.

crystallized intelligence

withdrawl, crying, and grieving. dying person comes to acctp the certainity of death

depression

Gina is doing what she can to help her older aunt take care of herself and stay in her own home. Gina often takes meals to her aunt and helps her clean, go shopping, and make visits to the doctor. Gina is providing _____ for her aunt.

eldercare

When men face stress, they are more likely to respond in a:

fight-or-flight manner.

In Erikson's theory, _____ encompasses adults' desire to leave legacies of themselves to the next generation.

generativity

Cynthia is 91 years old. Doctors have found that Cynthia's optic nerves have been damaged due to accumulation of fluid in the eye. Cynthia is worried that she will lose her vision, but the doctor has told her that her condition can be treated with eye drops. The disease that has marred Cynthia's vision is:

glaucoma

Adult development experts are virtually unanimous in their belief that midlife crises:

have been exaggerated.

Factors involved in obesity

hereditary, dieting, enviornmental faactors

Reaction time task. Causes for the decline in speed: - Levels of analysis - Cognitive - Neuroanatomical - Neurochemical

information processing

According to Erikson, the _____ stage of development involves reflecting on the past and either piecing together a positive review or concluding that one's life has not been well spent.

integrity vs. despair

The Seattle Longitudinal Study concluded that middle age is a time of:

peak performance for verbal ability.

Fluid intelligence is the ability to:

reason abstractly.

Older adults have more difficulty determining the time required to step on the brakes when a traffic light suddenly turns red. This is because they have:

slower perceptual speed.

The timetable according to which individuals are expected to accomplish life's tasks, such as getting married, having children, or establishing themselves in a career is known as the:

social clock.

According to Viktor Frankl, the three most distinct human qualities are freedom, responsibility, and:

spirituality

- Multiple medications increases the risks associated with consuming alcohol or other drugs. - Frequency of binge drinking is the highest among this age group

substance abuse in older adults

Angelo and his wife just had their last child move out of the house. He and his wife had lived vicariously through their children, letting their sports activities and various achievements dominate their lives. Now they may experience _____, which includes a decline in marital satisfaction after children leave the home.

the empty nest syndrome

- Privacy and autonomy in regard to their families - Inadequate information about physical changes and medication as death approached - motivation to shorten their life

three areas of concern when facing one's own death