Psych Exam (mypsychlab)
neurodevelopmental disorder
A disorder that involves an impairment of brain function or development and affects the child's psychological, cognitive, social, or emotional development is called a __________.
Waxy flexibility
A feature noted with some schizophrenic forms of catatonia is _________, which involves adopting a fixed posture into which they have been positioned by others
Tardive dyskinesia
A major risk of long-term use of neuroleptics is the potential for developing _____, a disorder involving involuntary movements that often is irreversible
Social (pragmatic) communication disorder
A newly recognized disorder in DSM-5 is ________. This diagnosis applies to children who have continuing and profound difficulties communicating verbally and nonverbally with other people in their natural contexts—in school, at home, or in play
minor or major neurocognitive disorder
HIV can invade the central nervous systems and cause a cognitive disorder called ___________.
Command
Hallucinations linked to a higher risk of violent behavior
Psychedelics
Hallucinogens, also known as ___________, are a class of drugs that produce sensory distortions or hallucinations, including major alterations of color perception and hearing
the problem of leaping from the general to the specific
Harry is a loud-mouthed executive who uses violent language when he talks about how he will deal with his business rivals. But in 30 years, he has never harmed anyone. Which factor in the prediction of violence does this portray?
Schizophreniform disorder
Harry went from relatively normal functioning to developing hallucinations, illogical thinking, and bizarre behavior within a period of a few weeks. This is characteristic of an acute onset of
Excessive emotionality and an overwhelming need to be the center of attention
Histrionic personality disorder is characterized by
Prefrontal cortex
If Kevin's clinician believes that his personality disorder is rooted in a brain abnormality, it is likely in the __________, which is involved in processing emotional responses and forming new memories.
Dependent personality disorder
If Tina is extremely fearful of being alone, lets others make her decisions, and avoids ever being truly responsible, it is likely that she has
Physical dependence
If a person's body has changed because of regular drug use such that the body now needs a steady supply of the drug, the person has developed
Schizoid; histrionic
Illustrative of the sexist biases underlying many personality disorders, clinicians tend to view men as having __________ personality disorder and women as having __________ personality disorder, even if they have the same symptoms
sesnory
In _________ aphasia, people have difficulty understanding written or spoken language, but can express themselves through speech.
motor
In __________ aphasia, the ability to express thoughts through speech is impaired, but the person can understand spoken language.
immediate hospitalization; 72
In an emergency situation in which a person is deemed a present threat to themselves or others, the court can authorize ___________ for a period of up to ___________ hours until a formal commitment hearing can be held.
REM sleep behavior disorder
In cases of _________ muscle paralysis is absent or incomplete and the person may suddenly kick or flail the arms during sleep, potentially causing injuries to the self or the bed partner
High-risk situations
In relapse-prevention training, clients learn to cope with _________, such as negative mood states, interpersonal conflict, and socially conductive situations, without turning to alcohol or drugs
Profoundly affected by cultural beliefs
In sexual behavior, as in other types of behavior, the lines between the normal and the abnormal are
Much less common; have national access to media via the internet
In support of the sociocultural model, evidence shows that eating disorders are _________ in non-Western countries that do not _________
Addington v. Texas; clear and present danger to themselves or others
In the case of __________, the U.S. Supreme COurt ruled that an individual cannot be hospitalized in a psychiatric facility without being judged both mentally ill and a __________.
excitement is achieved consistently and then followed by a sequence of other sexual activities
In the treatment of arousal disorders and performance anxiety, a couple typically reengages in sexual intercourse after __________________________.
Two months of progressive sexual build-up
In treatment of arousal disorders and performance anxiety, a couple typically reengages in sexual intercourse after
Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder (MHSDD)
Men diagnosed with _______ persistently have little, if any, desire for sexual activity or may lack sexual or erotic thoughts or fantasies
out number women by about 3-to-1; female-to-male
Men seeking sex reassignment _________. Postoperative adjustment tends to be more favorable for ___________ reassignment.
Outwardly; inwardly
Men with borderline personality disorder tend to express physical aggression ________, whereas women with the same diagnosis tend to express aggression ________
mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
Mild neurocognitive disorder is a new name for a clinical syndrome widely identified as ____________.
Heterosexual; domination and control
Most men who engage in rape are _________. Their motives often include _________
Borderline
Most of the research on the biological perspective of personality disorders has focused on ________ personality disorder.
Rarely present with behaviors suggesting they're suicidal
Most young people who kill themselves
Nicotine replacement therapy
Nasal sprays, transdermal patches, and prescription gun are all forms of
80%
Nearly __________ of Parkinson's disease patients will eventually develop dementia over the course of the illness.
Social (pragmatic) communication disorder
New to the DSM-5 is a diagnosis for children who have continuing and profound difficulties communicating verbally and nonverbally with other people in settings such as in school, home, or play. This diagnosis is called
Sleep-wake disorders; during sleep or at the threshold between sleep and wakefulness
The DSM-5 uses the term _________ rather than the earlier diagnostic term, so as to underscore the fact that these disorders involve problems that occur
Jones v. United States
The Supreme Court ruled that persons who are criminally committed can be confined to mental institutions until they regain sanity and are not longer a danger to themselves or others in the case of _________.
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
The assessment used in a sleep center for evaluating sleep problems is termed _________ recording because it involves simultaneous measurement of diverse physiological response patterns
Clozapine
The atypical antipsychotic drug ________ carries a risk of a potentially lethal disorder in which the body produces inadequate supplies of white blood cells
Tarasoff v. the Regents of the University of California
The case of _________ established a legal basis for a therapist's "duty to warn".
Cognitive learning
The theory that autistic children possess perceptual deficits that limit them to processing only one stimulus at a time comes from the _______ perspective
choreiform
The twitches related to Huntington's disease are termed ___________.
Due to pressures to conform or to soothe negative feelings
The two subtypes of college students who appear most clearly to be at risk of becoming problem drinkers are those who drink mostly for social or enjoyment purposes and the who drink
Sadomasochism
The type of paraphilia characterized by sexual fantasies centered on receiving humiliation or pain
Transvestism
The type of paraphilia involving heterosexual males who experience sexual urges involving dressing in female clothing
Pedophilia
The type of paraphilia involving sexual attraction to children
Appears to have a genetic and emotional component
The underlying cause of stuttering, which is now known as childhood-onset fluency disorder,
Classical; higher
The urine alarm method of treatment for enuresis that relies on _____ conditioning has a ______ success rate than psychiatric drugs
Amphetamine psychosis
The use of amphetamines can include ___________, a psychotic state characterized by hallucinations and delusions
Improves academic performance
The use of drugs for ADHD increases attention and reduce restlessness in school, but it is unclear if drug therapy
improves academic performance
The use of drugs for ADHD increases attention and reduce restlessness in school, but it is unclear if drug therapy ____________.
A desire for
The word anorexia is derived from the Greek root orexis, meaning
retrograde
There are two general types of amnesia, anterograde amnesia and __________ amnesia.
lucid intervals
Tibeo has delirium, but his states of confusion and disorientation vary. He fluctuates between confused periods and periods of clarity, also called _________.
Mixed
Tina sometimes believes Tom Hanks loves her, but at other times, she believes her friends are trying to poison her. Occasionally she complains that bugs are eating her from the inside out. Most likely Tina suffers from ______ type of delusional disorder
16; 5
To be diagnosed with pedophilia, a person must be at least __________ years old and at least __________ years older than the child toward whom the person is sexually attracted to or has victimized
the gradual exposure method
Treatment for vaginismus may include a combination of behavioral methods, including relaxation techniques and ________________
Cross-fostering; environmental
__________ studies tease out genetic from ______ influences in the development of schizophrenia
Secondary enuresis
___________ is apparently not genetically influenced and characterizes children with occasional bed-wetting who developed the problem after having established urinary control.
Cybersex addiction
___________ is not yet recognized as an official diagnostic category in the DSM, although evidence points to compulsive behavior, the building of tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms.
Sexual identity; gender dysphoria
___________ is the psychological sense of being male or female. __________ applies to people who experience significant personal distress or impaired functioning as a result of a conflict between their anatomic sex
Environmental
Maternal smoking and emotional stress during pregnancy are _______ factors that may increase the risk of a child developing ADHD.
aphasia
Max has cognitive deficit marked by an impaired ability to comprehend and/or produce speech. This deficit is called ________.
Culture
The themes of hallucinations and delusions in schizophrenia tend to differ by
Cognitive
A ___________ theorist would focus on the roles of operant and classical conditioning in studies on the development and treatment of substance abuse
Strong feelings of disgust and personal distress about one's sexual anatomy
A clinical diagnosis of gender dysphoria in childhood includes: preference for playmates of the opposite sex, participation in activities considered stereotypical of the other sex, preference for wearing clothing stereotypical of the other sex, and
Five-factor
A clinician who views personality disorders as maladaptive versions of neuroticism, extraversion, and openness to experience, agreeableness, or conscientiousness would be a proponent of the ________ model of personality?
criminal commitment
A person who is acquitted of a crime by reason of insanity and placed in a psychiatric institution for treatment is an example of __________.
8%; 20%
A recent internationally study revealed _______ of men and ______ of women suffered froms sexual abuse before the age of 18.
cerebrovascular accident
A stroke is also called a(n) ___________.
Learning theory
A theorist from which perspective would view paraphilias as the inadvertant pairing between some object or activity with sexual arousal, which then causes the object to elicit arousal?
Limbic system
Abnormalities in the ___________ in the brains of schizophrenic individuals may explain why they experience problems with working memory.
Fourth leading
Accidental overdoses are the ___________ cause of accidental death in the US, accounting for more than 27,000 deaths annually
Maintain composure in stressful situations
According to Hervey Cleckley, people with antisocial personalities can do what better than most individuals?
Borderline
According to Kernberg, ________ personality disorder stems from a childhood failure to develop a sense of constancy and unity in one's image of oneself and others.
Acquaintance
According to the US Department of Justice, more than four out of five rapes are _________ rapes. Even if a police report is filed, this type of rape may be treated as "misunderstanding" or "lovers quarrel," rather than violent crime
50%
According to the text, upwards of _____ of older adults report sleep problems.
inflammation in the brain
According to your text, _______ appears to play a key role in the development of AD.
delirium tremens
After being admitted to a detoxification program to treat his alcoholism, Howard began to experience terrifying hallucinations that felt like insects crawling under his skin. What condition could be causing Howard's hallucinations?
Barbiturates
Alcohol is classified as a depressant because it has the same biochemical effects similar to those of a class of anti-anxiety agents or ___________ known as benzodiazepines
Negative symptoms
An individual with schizophrenia who exhibits a loss of motivation, loss of pleasure in normally pleasant activities, social withdrawal or isolation, and limited output of speech is said to be experiencing
Hypersomnolence disorder
Angie frequently sleeps 9 or more hours a hight but does not feel refreshed upon awakening. With what sleep disorder might Angie be diagnosed?
16 and 20
Anorexia nervosa usually develops between the age of
echolalia
Autistic children sometimes parrot back things they hear in a high-pitched monotone, this is known as ___________.
thinner prefrontal cortex
Based on MRI imaging, it is noted that children with ADHD tend to have a __________ as compared to other children.
autism and autism spectrum disorder
Beatrice, age 7, does not relate to others. She lacks speech, and exhibits disturbed motor behavior, intellectual impairment, and tantrums if objects in her room are moved or there is a change in her daily routine. Beatrice's behaviors most closely meet criteria for a(n) _____________.
Gambling
Because other behaviors can be non-chemical addiction, the DSM-5 introduced a new diagnostic category, Substance Use and Addictive Disorders, that includes both substance use disorders and ___________ disorder
Primary; secondary; primary
Bed-wetting that is persistent in a child who has never established urinary control is ______ enuresis, and occasional bed-wetting after attaining urinary control is ______ enuresis. The most common form of enuresis is ______ enuresis
based their diagnoses on their own personal impressions of what people were experiencing
Before the development of the DSM, practitioners ______________.
Consequences
Behaviorists using self-control training with their clients focus on strategies for modifying three different components of substance abuse. These components are known as the "ABCs", which stands for antecedent cues, behaviors, and
Refractory period
Biological investigators have found evidence that men with paraphilias might have higher-than-average sex drives, given their shorter _________ after masturbation
neither psychologists or psychiatrists can reliably predict violent behavior
Both the American Psychological Association and the American Psychiatric Association have stated that _____________.
conduct
Charles is a child who purposely engages in patterns of antisocial behavior, violates social norms and the rights of others, and does not feel remorse for these deeds. Charles would most likely receive a diagnosis of __________ disorder.
Gender dysphoria
Chaz was born a biological female; he always felt that he was a male. This knowledge has always been a source of distress for him. He was most likely diagnosed with
Spanish or French; high
Children living in _______ speaking countries are more likely to experience dyslexia as result of the _____ ratio of sounds to letter combinations
speech sound disorder
Children with __________ may omit, substitute, or mispronounce certain sounds - especially ch, f, l, r, sh, and th, which mos children articulate properly by the time they reach the early school years.
Delusional disorder
Clare believes her neighbors are trying to destroy her reputation and physically harm her, but the neighbors do not even know her. If Clare shows no other clear signs of psychosis and these beliefs persist for years, she would most likely be diagnosed with
savant syndrome
Clinicians use the label ________ to refer to someone with severe mental deficiencies who possesses some remarkable mental abilities.
Irrational beliefs and attitudes
Cognitive psychologist Albert Ellis suggested that ________ can contribute to sexual dysfunctions
By offering alternative explantations to delusional beliefs
Cognitive-behavioral therapy has proven effective in the treatment of schizophrenic delusional thinking
covert sensitization
Cognitive-behavioral treatments of paraphilias include a number of specific techniques, such as aversive conditioning, __________, and social skills training.
Hippocampus
Compulsive gamblers and alcohol-dependent patients share similar deficits on neuropsychological tests, suggestive of brain dysfunctions in the
African American
Cross-cultural studies of expressed emotion reveal a paradox. The warmth of ________ families tends to result in a more positive outcome for their family members with schizophrenia, even though these families tend to be high on expressed emotion
African American families view schizophrenia as a temporary and curable condition
Cross-cultural studies reveal schizophrenic patients from African American families with high levels of expressed emotion had better outcomes despite the high level of expressed emotion. These studies reveal
Alcohol dependence
Dan drinks a lot. At parties, he drinks more than he intends to. His efforts to cut back on drinking have not been successful and his wife recently left him because of this. According to DSM-5 criteria, Dan would be diagnosed with
Communication deviance
Darlene's son has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. A researcher studying family influences in the development of the disorder may identify Darlene's habit of verbally attacking her son and inability to focus on what he is saying and to interrupt him to tell him what he "really" thinks as a form of
Paraphilic disorder
David suffers from exhibitionism and is unable to control his impulse to expose himself. Although aroused and sexually gratified when he exhibits, he later feels remorse and is fearful he will be arrested. According to the DMS, David's diagnosis would suggest he has
Having an excessive need to be taken care of by others
Dependent personality disorder is characterized by what trait?
7
Depressed children may not be able to label their feelings as depressed because children are not usually capable of recognizing internal feeling states until about the age of _____.
family problems and conflicts
Depression and suicidal behavior in childhood are frequently linked to
false negative
Dr. Johnson failed to predict the suicide of his patient. This is an example of a __________.
due process; attorney
During civil commitment proceedings, the individual has a right to __________ and to be assisted by a(n) ___________.
Residual; prodromal
During the _______ phase of schizophrenia, the behavior of the person typically returns to the level observed during the ________ phase of the disorder
Classical conditioning
Every day for a month, Nikita underwent a form of _________ where she was electrically shocked while holding an alcoholic drink with the hopes that this treatment would cause an unpleasant emotional reaction and keep her from drinking again
The conditioning model
Every time Stephan walks by a liquor store or smells the aroma of whiskey he feels an intense craving for drinking. This points to the power of ___________ in understanding drug cravings
Binge-eating/purging; anorexia nervosa
Frequent episodes of binge-eating and purging are characteristic of the _________ subtype of _________
Mashing
Frotteurism is also known as
Serotonin
Increased availability of the neurotransmitter _______ has a side effect of delaying ejaculation and can be helpful in treating men with premature (early) ejaculation
Durham versus United States
Jack, who has paranoid schizophrenia, mistakenly stabs his brother believe that he is a monster who is attacking him. Later, a jury rules that Jack is "not criminally responsible" for stabbing his brother because the stabbing was a product of Jack's paranoid delusions, a "mental defect." This jury made their insanity defense decision using the ruling of _______________.
Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome
Jamal experiences a complete obstruction of breathing during sleep and frequently snores. He likely has the sleep disorder known as
Criminal dimension
Jamal has antisocial personality disorder, but he has not ever gotten into trouble with the law. Thus, he is said to show evidence of the personality dimension and not the ___________ of the disorder
Dystonic
Janice has an anxiety disorder, but she feels that her sense of nervousness is not a part of her self-identity. In other words, she views the anxiety as ego
Cognitive-behavioral
Jeannie has been diagnosed with a binge-eating disorder. If she seeks the treatment of choice for this disorder, she will undergo
Brief psychotic
Jerry is in the Army and his best friend is killed in front of him by a roadside bomb. For several days afterward, Jerry appears to be in a stupor and he holds a pose as if he were shooting his rifle. After a couple of weeks, he returns to normal. The most likely diagnosis is _______ disorder
Conduct Disorder
Jimmy, who is 11-years-old, continually breaks his younger brother's toys and then laughs when his brother cries. This behavior is typical of _______ disorder in a child of this age.
Persecutory
Jorge believes he is being spied on and followed by his neighbors. Jorge appears to have a ______ type of delusional disorder
Splitting
Kernberg refers to rapid shifts between viewing others as either "all good" or "all bad" as
Binge-eating disorder
Kim has a normal body weight but she is excessively concerned with her body shape. She feels out of control with her eating habits and often consumes large quantities of high calorie foods. She has the characteristics of
civil commitment
Legal placement of people in psychiatric institutions against their will is called ____________.
Childhood separation from the mother figure
Mahler built her psychodynamic explanation of personality disorders around
dementias
Major neurocognitive disorders are commonly called _________.
sexual arousal disorder
Male erectile disorder, or ED, is a type of what sexual disorder?
Dopamine
Many drugs of abuse produce pleasurable effects by increasing the availability of which neurotransmitter?
Stimulant
Marijuana is classified as a
Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea
Marrisa's father has emphysema and has also been diagnosed with central sleep apnea. Some of his sleep apnea breathing problem can be traced to his lung disease. The type of sleep apnea Marissa's father suffers from is
delirium
Martin, age 85, has hypoglycemia. He experiences difficulty concentrating, is often disoriented, and misinterprets sensory stimuli. The state of extreme mental confusion he is experiencing is known as __________.
reaction time
Older people need more time to respond to stimuli, whether they are driving or taking an intelligence test. Formally, this time is called ___________.
A tendency for the medication to suppress REM sleep
One of the major drawbacks of sleep medications for the treatment of insomnia is
Nonconsenting partners
Paraphilias are sexual deviations or types of disorders in which an individual experiences sexual urges involving nonhuman objects, __________, or situations producing pain or humiliation
Substance-induced disorders
Patterns of abnormal behavior induced by use of psychoactive substances are called
a transgender identity
People with ________ have the psychological sense of belonging to one gender while possessing the sexual organs of the other.
Transgender dysphoria
People with ____________ have the psychological sense of belonging to one gender while possessing the sexual organs of the other
No compensatory behavior afterward to reduce weight
People with binge-eating disorder (BED) have repeated binge-eating episodes but unlike bulimia nervosa, there is no
Personality disorders
People with impulse control disorders often have other psychological disorders, especially __________, which leads some investigators to question if impulse control disorders should be classified within a broader spectrum.
go to prison, but receive treatment while incarcerated
Persons convicted under the "guilty but mentally ill" statute usually ______________.
Delusional
Persons with _______ disorder do not exhibit confused or jumbled thinking, and when hallucinations occur, they are not as prominent
Experiences physical abuse and neglect
Peter, age 10, often comes to school unkempt. He is an underachiever at school, gets along poorly with his classmates, and is frequently absent. He was recently caught torturing kittens and is known to pick fights with children smaller than him. The combination of these behaviors suggests that he
40 to 60
Pick's disease most often becomes evident in people ________ years of age.
One in five
Presently, about _________ children and teens in the US are either overweight or obese
Addington v. Texas
Prior to the Supreme Court ruling of __________, people were often committed to psychiatric institutions for odd and eccentric behavior.
Token economy
Providing rewards on an inpatient unit that later can be exchanged for desired goods and privileges is known as
Lifestyle
Recent work on measuring psychopathic traits shows they can be grouped in terms of four basic factors: an interpersonal factor, an affective factor, a _______ factor, and an antisocial factor.
Hypopnea
Refers to shallow or reduced breathing that is not as severe as full apnea
situational
Samantha is unable to achieve orgasm with a partner, but is able to alone. Samantha's sexual dysfunction would be classified as a _________ dysfunction.
Restricting
Sarah, age sixteen is tall and weighs 78 lbs. She has been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. She counts calories and exercises continuously. She has a rigid and controlled personality. With what type of anorexia nervosa would Sarah be diagnosed?
4% to 5%; girls
Separation anxiety impacts _____ of children and young adolescents, and the disorder occurs more often in _____.
Response
Sexual dysfunctions are persistent problems with sexual interest, arousal, or
Paranoid personality disorder
Simmone is constantly suspicious and worried that her coworkers are out to get her fired. What personality disorder does she most likely have?
1%
Statistics reveal the insanity is applied in less than _______ of felony cases, and it is successful in only a fraction of these cases.
transvestism
Stephen is a heterosexual man who dresses in women's clothing because it arouses him sexually. He is demonstrating ____________.
Stimulus control
Strengthens the connection between the bed and sleep by restricting activities that occur in bed
more; more
Studies of geographic and ethnic differences in the risk of suicide indicate a young adult living in a rural setting is _________ likely to commit suicide than someone living in an urban setting, and a White American is _______ likely to commit suicide than an African-American.
Genetic
Studies with monozygotic and dizygotic twins indicating concordance rates of 48% and 17%, respectively, strongly support the _______ underpinnings of schizophrenia
one college woman in four
Surveys show that as many as _________ reports being forced into sexual intercourse by a date.
Mild
Susan's son Bob, age 17, attends special classes at the local high school. He is able to read and perform arithmetic calculations on a third grade level. Bob is friendly, verbal, and can be guided in the area of social conformity. Bob's level of intellectual disability is
Ego syntonic
The DSM notes that people with personality disorders tend to perceive their traits as
categorical
The DSM relies on a _________ model of psychopathology, meaning that, in general, the decision about whether someone has a mental disorder is simply made on a yes/no basis.
specific learning disorder
The DSM-5 applies a single diagnosis of ___________ to encompass various types of learning disorders or disabilities involving significant deficits in skills involved in reading, writing, arithmetic and math, and executive functions.
Orgasm disorders
The DSM-5 classifies sexual dysfunction into three categories. These include problems with orgasmic response, pain during intercourse, and problems involving
Substance abuse
The DSM-5 classifies substance-related disorders into two main categories: substance use disorders and ________ disorders
Parasomnias
The DSM-5 labels abnormal behavior patterns associated with partial or incomplete arousals as
irresistible impulse and "right and wrong"
The definition of insanity in Durham v. United States rejected the _________ standard(s) of legal insanity.
Asperger's and childhood disintegrative disorder
The diagnostic terms ______________ were used in the previous edition of the DSM to describe distinct disorders within the autism spectrum, but are now classified as forms of autism spectrum disorder if the diagnostic criteria for ASD are met
Exposure to environmental toxins and biological vulnerabilities
The diathesis-stress model views the development of schizophrenia in terms of an interaction or combination of a diathesis or
Terrasoff v. the Regents of the University of California
The duty-to-warn provision in ___________ poses ethical, legal, and practical dilemmas for therapists.
Sexist biases
The fact that there is a personality disorder to label a caricature of traditional feminine personality but there is no disorder to reflect an overly "macho male" persona is indicative of the _________ of personality disorders.
Antisocial
The finding that _________ personality disorder is reported most frequently among people from lower socioeconomic classes is suggestive of the sociocultural nature to personality disorders.
1952
The first DSM was published in _______.
Experimentation
The first step in the common pathway to substance dependence is
overestimates; underestimates
The general public ___________ the proportion of defendants who are acquitted based on the insanity defense and ____________ the length of confinement in a mental institution after using the insanity defense.
Visual-parietal input from the environment
The genetic form of dyslexia appears to involve defects in the neural circuitry in the brain that readers use to process
Dopamine hypothesis
The leading biochemical model of schizophrenia
Applied behavior analysis
The learning-based approaches called _______ have had the best reported results in developing language skills and socially adaptive behavior in autistic children
Anesthesia
The major medical application of opioids is the relief of pain, or
Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome
The most common form of breathing-related sleep disorders is
fragile X syndrome
The most common genetic cause of intellectual disability is ________. It is also the second most common form of intellectual disability overall.
Learning disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
The most commonly diagnosed psychological disorders in children between the ages of 6 and 17 years are
Down; 21
The most frequent cause of mental retardation is ________ syndrome, in which there is an extra chromosome on chromosome pair _____.
Goal-directed; voluntary
The overactive behavior of normal children is _____, and these children exert ______ control over their behavior.
Schizotypal
The personality disorder marked by eccentricities of thought and behavior, but without clearly psychotic features, is termed ________________ personality disorder.
Klinefelter's; Turner's
The presence of an additional X chromosome in ________ syndrome affects only males, while a single X chromosome instead of two in ________ syndrome affects only females.
Youngberg v. Romeo
The right to minimally adequate training to help a person function free of physical constraints, if it can be provided in a reasonable safely, is addressed in the case of ___________.
Dopaminergic
The second generation of antipsychotic medications are referred to as ___________ antipsychotics and have largely replaced the earlier generation of antipsychotics
Barbiturates
Used medically to decrease anxiety and relieve tension, dull pain, and treat epilepsy and high blood pressure. However, their use can quickly lead to psychological and physiological dependence
judge
Usually a __________ makes the final decision as to whether a patient may be forcibly medicated after an independent review panel rules against the patient.
An involuntary response of the vaginal muscles
Vaginismus is the conditioned response in which penile contact with the woman's genitals elicits
Wernicke's disease
Victor's uncle Joe suffers from alcoholism and has a brain disorder caused by a Thiamine deficiency. Victor's uncle most likely has ___________.
Hypnagogic hallucinations
Visual, auditory, tactile, or kinesthetic sensations that can occur just prior to the onset of sleep during a narcoleptic attack are known as
uncontrollable shaking or tremors, rigidity, disturbances in posture, and lack of control over body movements
What is Parkinson's disease characterized by?
CBT produces better results in the long term than sleep medications
What is the advantage of CBT over taking a pill for insomnia?
Endorphins
What is the class of neurotransmitters that have pain-blocking properties similar to the of opioids (heroin)?
agnosia
What is the name of a disturbance of sensory perception where there is a loss of "knowledge" associated with perception of a given sense such as vision?
Dialectical behavior therapy
What is the name of the technique created by Marsha Linehan that specifically treats people with borderline personality disorder using a combination of cognitive-behavioral and supportive therapy?
vascular neurocognitive disorder
What is the name of the type of neurocognitive disorder that results from repeated strokes?
Cocaine
What is the stimulant derived from the coca plant?
Casual use
What stage on the common pathway to substance dependence precedes the "addiction or dependence" stage?
Sleep terror
When Diana checked on her two-year-old before she went to bed, she found him sitting up in bed, sweating and extremely upset, but still asleep. He was experiencing
false positive
When a mental health clinician overpredicts the dangerousness of a patient, this decision is a ________.
Wyatt v. Stickney
Which case ruled that patients in mental hospitals do not have to perform work to maintain the facility?
Durham v. United States
Which court ruling recognized that criminal intent is a precondition of criminal responsibility?
memantine
Which drug helps treat moderate Alzheimer's disease by blocking the neurotransmitter glutamate?
Huntington's Disease
Which neurological disease is characterized by involuntary, jerky twitches and alternating mood states and impacts the body's basal ganglia?
The DSM overmedicalizes mild difficulties in adjustment by classifying them as mental disorders.
Which of the following is a criticism of the DSM?
frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder
Which of the following is a neurocognitive disorder characterized by deterioration (thinning of shrinkage) of brain tissue in the frontal and temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex?
Strattera
Which of the following is a nonstimulant medication used in the treatment of ADHD?
People should not be deprived of liberty because their behavior is perceived as socially deviant or disruptive
Which of the following is one of the arguments made against psychiatric commitment by the psychiatrist Dr. Thomas Szasz?
Wyatt v. Stickney
Which of the following is the 1972 landmark federal court case that helped establish a minimum standard of care to be provided by hospitals for mental health treatment?
John is severely depressed. He engages in cutting behaviors and tells his friends he wants to die.
Which of the following meets the criteria for civil commitment?
Sexual Masochism
Which paraphilia is characterized by sexual fantasies centered on receiving humiliation or pain?
Antisocial personality disorder
Which personality disorder is characterized by irresponsible behavior and a lack of remorse for misdeeds?
Covert Sensitization
Which treatment techniques specifically involves pairing paraphiliac fantasies with adverse stimuli in a client's imagination?
Parkinson's disease
While deep brain electrical stimulations help block tremors in patients with ________________, they also carry a significant risk of adverse effect.
Momentary impulses
While the exact causes are unknown, people with kleptomania appear to be largely motivated by
It describes and classifies the different types of psycopathologies, allowing psychologists to assess their clients consensus-based definitions.
Why is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM, so important to the field of psychology?
Childhood sexual and physical abuse
Women with bulimia nervosa are more likely that other women to have experienced
Higher; less
Women with schizophrenia tend to have a ______ level of functioning prior to the onset of the disorder, and the course of the disorder tends to be ______ severe than men
Borderline
Zelda is dramatic, impulsive, engages in self-injury, and makes frequent suicidal references. Her behaviors most closely match the DSM-5 diagnosis of ____________ personality disorder.
Oppositional defiant; conduct; more
_______ disorder typically develops earlier than _______ disorder, which involves ______ delinquent behaviors.
Feminist
_________ theorists see rape as an expression of men's desire to dominate and degrade women, to establish unquestionable power and superiority over them
Psychodynamic
_________ theory posits that girls who develop anorexia nervosa displace attention from family conflicts and marital tensions onto themselves
Fetishism
______________ is a type of paraphilia in which a person uses an inanimate object as a focus of sexual interest and as a source of arousal.