Psych Final Review
hypothesis
A ___ would be that drivers ages 40 and older have fewer traffic accidents than those 16-39.
frontal lobe
A brain injury changed Ty & he became moody, selfish, & obstinate.What lobe was likely damaged?
fixed interval
A company pays its employees on Wed.The next day, productivity is low. This is __ reinforcement
biological approach to gender development
A male infant with no social experience shows interest in toy cars over dolls. This conforms to
Openness
A person who is incapable of being calm and satisfied with oneself or others is likely high on
Psychodynamic
A researcher investigating how parenting methods affect a child is likely using the __ approach
ego
According to Freud, what might stop Ty from illegal gambling in fear of going to jail?
behavior has been shaped through the learning process
According to the social cognitive theory, girls engage in relational aggression because
Eliminating irrational and self-defeating thoughts
All cognitive therapies focus on:
proactive interference
CJ is trying to memorize a new song, but another song keeps popping into her head. This is:
Cognitive
Dr. T, a ___ psychologist, enjoys studies of the thought processes involved in problem solving.
Adaptation
Early humans ate fat to aid survival. Today, our preference for fatty foods can be attributed to:
inhibitory neurotransmitter
GABA is the most potent depressive neurotransmitter & critical for relaxation. GABA is a ___.
preconventional level
If Tom shares his toys with his sister because he's afraid of being punished, he's reasoning at
a demand characteristic
If a researcher smiles every time the subject responds negatively, the researcher's smile is __.
recognize the quantity of a substance remains the same
If children cannot grasp the concept of conservation, they are unable to
sympathetic nervous system; parasympathetic nervous system
In an emergency, the __ prepares the body to deal with an emergency, & the __ relaxes it after.
Conformity
In the context of social influence, Solomon Asch's experiment demonstrates ____
Serotonin and norepinephrine
Individuals with depressive disorder appear to have too few receptors for _____.
Weber's Law
It is NOT noticeable to increase blaring music, but it is when starting with silence. This is:
reinforcement sensitivity theory
Jeffrey Gray proposed a neuropsychology of personality theory called
undifferentiated
Jim is low on masculinity & femininity, & best described as __ for gender attributes.
sympathetic nervous system
Main function of __ is activating the body (increasing heart rate/dilating pupils of the eyes)
intrinsic motivation leads to more positive outcomes
Many psychologists believe that:
stage 3; stages 1 and 2
Most people MAINLY experience__ sleep during the 1st half of the night, & __ sleep the 2nd half
axon
Myelin sheath insulates the __ so the impulse travels efficiently & strengthens the connection.
taking something away to reduce a targeted behavior
Negative punishment refers to:
theory
One ___ would be that older adults make for better drivers than young adults.
Dopamine
Parker is schizophrenic, therefore he likely has high levels of what neurotransmitter?
is unable to move while dreaming
REM sleep behavior disorder occurs when a person
variable ratio
Reinforcement schedules that are based on the varying number of responses are __ schedules.
inhibiting, serotonin, synapse
SSRIs work by ___ the re-uptake of ___ keeping more of this critical neurotransmitter in the __
Industry vs. inferiority
Sam won his spelling bee and felt proud, but couldn't finish his math on time. This reflects:
depressive
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) target which type of disorder?
sociocultural
Someone who believes the __ approach is most likely going to consider ethnicity for diagnosis.
visualizing anxiety-provoking situations while relaxing
Systematic sensitization is the process of:
implicit memory
TJ can drive a manual car, but when asked how, she says, "I don't know-it's automatic: This is:
limbic system
The ___________ is a series of neural structures that are important in emotion and motivation.
cognitive dissonance
The feeling caused by holding 2 contrary attitudes and acknowledging the validity of both
Seretonin
The group of drugs known as SSRIs work primarily by interfering with the reabsorption of ____.
hindbrain
The medulla, the pons, and the cerebellum are three main parts of the:
parietal lobe
The somatosensory (sensory strip) is located in which area of the brain?
Endorphins
This neurotransmitter works similar to painkillers and produces happy euphoric feelings
consequences of a behavior will determine if it is repeated
Thorndike's law of effect states that __________.
some stages in Erickson's psychosocial theory of development
Trust vs. Mistrust Initiative vs. Guilt Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
the cocktail effect
Ty is in a loud area, but manages to tune out the noise and listen to his friend. An example of:
bottom up processing
Vi concluded that her brother is home based on his outline & male voice. She used _ processing.
body movement/balance/coordination/ fine motor skills
What is the cerebellum responsible for?
a conditioned stimulus
When taking a picture, Marla blinked before the flash went off. The camera has become _____.
Structuralism
Which approach to psych used introspection as the main research method for thoughts & behavior?
Jordan, who has a habit of overeating
Which of the following individuals would be benefitted from aversive conditioning?
did not pay attention to the later experiences
Which of the following was a criticism levied against Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
humanistic psychologist
Which psychologist would most likely believe that people can control their own behavior?
afferent nerves
You touch a stove. The nerves in your fingers that send sensory information to your brain are:
suprachiasmatic nucleus
___ is a brain structure that uses input from the retina to sync rhythm with light & darkness.
elaboration
___ is the formation of a # of connections around a stimulus at any level of memory encoding.
Stage 2
___ of non-REM sleep is characterized by sharply pointed, spiky waves called "sleep spindles"
they try to adhere to gender stereotypical behavior
according to the social cognitive theory, girls engage in relational aggression because
Accommodation (Piaget)
adjusting current schemas to make sense of new experiences
Dopamine
cocaine appears to produce its pleasurable effects by acting on the brain's level of
borderline personality disorder
condition marked by extreme instability in mood, identity, and impulse control have out of control emotions & are afraid of being abandoned.
Examples of mental processes
feelings, believing, memory
Dendrites
fingerlike projections that receive incoming messages from other neurons.
temporal lobe function
hearing
dendrites
part of the neuron that is responsible for receiving information from other neurons
polygenic inheritance
term used to describe the influences of multiple genes on behavior
hypothalamus
the ___ regulates almost all of our major drives and motives:hunger/thirst/temp/sexual behavior
Weber's Law
the change of a stimulus that is noticed is a constant ratio
Hindbrain
the medulla, the pons, and the cerebellum are three main parts of the:
absolute threshold
the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time
right hemisphere of brain
the process of facial recognition is primarily by the ____
display rules
the sociocultural standards that determine when, where, and how emotions should be expressed
sensorimotor stage
the stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory a child coordinate sensation with movements
corpus callosum
thick band of nerve fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the brain
endorphin
this neurotransmitter works similar to painkillers and produces happy euphoric feelings
fraternal twins develop from:
two different eggs fertilized by two different sperm cells
prejudice
unfair attitude about someone based solely on their group
action potential
what mechanism temporarily converts a negative neuron to a positive neuron as it fires?
