Psychology 201 - Chapter 4&5
_____ refers to learning that is hidden or concealed
latent learning
Which of the following is an altered state of consciousness?
meditation
These neurons fire when an animal observes the behavior of another animal and that behavior stimulates imitative behavior in the first animal
mirror neurons
_____ cannot be experienced through sensory awareness or direct inner awareness
nonconscious process
Which of the following statements is true of sleep?
people need more sleep when they are under stress
Liz sustained a head injury in a car accident. When she was fully awake, the doctor approached her and asked her questions such as "What is the last thing you remember?" and "When were you born?" Liz was able to answer all these questions correctly. In this scenario, the questions asked Liz to summon up
preconscious information
_____ are defined as stimuli that increase the frequency of behavior
reinforcers
According to your text, which of the following is NOT a reason for dreaming?
role theory
Jenny is preparing for an English test, and her brother is playing music loudly in the next room. She focuses on reading her English textbooks and ignores the music. In this scenario, Jenny is using
selective attention
People with _____ stop breathing periodically, up to several hundred times per night
sleep apnea
In classical conditioning, the term extinction can be misleading because
spontaneous recovery of extinguished conditioned responses can occur
The term _____ refers to the deliberate placing of certain ideas, impulses, or images out of awareness
suppression
Darryl has been a cocaine addict for over three years. He is a regular user of the drug. His body is now habituated to the drug, and hence he requires twice as much cocaine as he did initially to achieve similar effects. In this scenario, Darryl is displaying
tolerance
Prior to conditioning, Michael salivates in response to lasagna placed in his mouth. Using classical conditioning terms, the food would be labeled the _____, while Michael salivating would be labeled the _____.
unconditioned stimulus ; unconditioned response
Every morning, Jaclyn's parents watch for the school bus to arrive. They repeatedly are looking out the window to see if the bus has arrived, This schedule is a
variable-interval schedule
Adam, a sleep researcher, noticed that his sleeping patient had a high level of neurological arousal. The patient is most likely in _____ sleep.
REM (rapid eye movement)
People withdrawing from chronic alcohol use may experience _____ with heavy sweating, restlessness, disorientation, and frightening hallucinations
delirium tremens
Jeff's dog barks and growls at the sound of a stranger's car pulling into his driveway, yet the dog wags his tail and gets excited at the sound of Jeff's car. In this scenario, the difference in the dog's reactions to the sound of Jeff's car and that of a strangers car is due to
discrimination
Mindfulness meditation (MM) provides clients with techniques they can use to
focus on the present
Three-year-old Derris watches the children's television show "Spongebob Squarepants". At first, Derris became really excited whenever he saw a Spongebob doll. Now Derris gets excited whenever he sees any yellow sponge. Derris is displaying stimulus
generalization
Johnny has always feared going to the dentist as he associated these visits with pain. After repeated visits to the dentist, Johnny also developed the fear of bright lights as he had started associating it with the dentist's cabin. In the given scenario, the development of Johnny's fear of bright lights is due to
higher-order conditioning
In the context of behavior therapy methods, which of the following statements is true of flooding?
it involves continuous exposure to fear-evoking stimuli
Which of the following statements is true of shaping?
it reinforces progressive steps toward the behavioral goal
People deprived of REM sleep
learn more slowly
Behavior that is reinforced by partial reinforcement is _____ resistant to extinction
more
_____ refers to a sleep attack in which a person falls asleep suddenly and irresistibly
narcolepsy
Which of the following best identifies the behaviorists primary emphasis for the study of psychology?
observable behavior
According to _____ when we see modeled behavior being reinforced, we are vicariously reinforced
observational learning
_____ is the acquisition of knowledge and skills by watching others rather than by means of direct experience
observational learning
According to your text, children watching violence in the media are potentially impacted by all of the following except
reduced probability of aggressive behavior
In the context of operant conditioning, an example of _____ is when you keep posting comments on social media to receive more "likes".
reinforcement
Kira, an eight-year-old girl, sometimes walks in her sleep. She also responds to questions while she is up and about. However, when she wakes up in the morning, she does not remember the incident. In the context of sleep disorders, Kira is exhibiting symptoms of
somnambulism
As we enter _____ our brain waves slow down from the alpha rhythm and enter a pattern of theta waves
stage 1 sleep
Sleepwalking typically occurs during
stage 4 sleep
In the context of altering consciousness through drugs, _____ is a problem characterized by loss of control over consumption, social impairment, risky use, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms
substance use disorder
Naomi is afraid of dogs. While she is feeling relaxed, her therapist shows her a dog from a distance. The therapist gradually brings the dog closer until Naomi's fear is completely extinguished. In this scenario, which of the following techniques is being used to extinguish Naomi's fear of dogs?
systematic desensitization
According to cognitive psychologists, _____
the changes caused by learning influence an organisms behavior
One potential reason why women and certain ethnic groups are significantly affected by alcohol is because
they produce less aldehyde dehydrogenase than other groups
Which of the following statements is true of amphetamines?
they provide a euphoric rush when consumed in high doses
Michaela works as a waitress and she knows that the more tables that she waits on, the better the likelihood of more tips. This schedule is a
variable-ratio schedule