Psychology Chapter 4 (Odigia) Sensation & Perception

Goolkasian & Woodbury research on pattern perception

Those who are given verbal priming produce a biased interpretation of complex ambiguous figures

bottom-up processing

analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information

congenital analgesia

can't experience pain, but can detect differences in temperature and pressure

since birth

congenital deafness refers to deafness _______

transduction

conversation from sensory stimulus energy to action potential

Just noticeable

describes the difference in stimuli required to detect a difference between the stimuli

place theory of pitch perception

different portions of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different frequencies

high frequency

high pitch

What was the original focus of Swets' (1964) signal detection theory?

improving the sensitivity of air traffic controllers to plane blips

What has research shown about processing subliminal messages?

in laboratory settings, people can process and respond to information outside of awareness.

Top-down processing

involves the interpretation of sensations and is influenced by available knowledge, experiences, and thoughts

red

is associated with longer wavelengths

high amplitude

loud sound

low frequency

low pitch

subliminal messages

messages that are presented below the threshold for conscious awareness (we receive it but are not consciously aware of it)

absolute threshold

minimum amount of stimulus energy that must be present for the stimulus to be detected 50% of the time

neuropathic pain

pain from damage to neurons of either the peripheral or central nervous system

inflammatory pain

pain that signals some type of tissue damage

proprioception

perception of body position

kinesthesia

perception of the body's movement through space

cochlear implant

receives incoming sound information and directly stimulates the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain

low amplitude

soft sound

temporal theory of pitch perception

sound's frequency is coded by the activity level of a sensory neuron

thermoception

temperature perception

Which of the following was demonstrated by the 1998 research of Ayabe-Kanamura, Saito, Distel, Martínez-Gómez, & Hudson?

the ability to identify an odor, and rate its pleasantness and its intensity, varies cross-culturally

binocular disparity

the difference in images between the two eyes, which is greater for objects that are close and smaller for distant objects

Somatosensation

the skin sensations: touch/pressure, warmth, cold, and pain

The central tenet of Gestalt psychology

the whole is different from the sum of its parts

perception

way that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced

ultraviolet

Honey bees can see the light in the ________ range of electromagnetic spectrum

Several studies have suggested that non-Black participants identify weapons faster and are more likely to identify non-weapons as weapons when the image of the weapon is paired with the image of a Black person. What does this imply about perception?

Perceptions our influenced by implicit prejudice and stereotypes

nociception

a signal indicating potential harm and maybe pain

sensation

when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor